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The Biological Effects of Soy Isoflavones against Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injuries: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (MIRI) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes that lead to the death of ischemic cardiomyocytes and, finally, dysfunction of cardiac tissue.Objectives This systematic review aims to comprehensively investigate and systematically review the existing literature on the effects of soy isoflavones and their underlying mechanisms in mitigating MIRI injuries.Methods A systematic search was conducted in high-coverage scientific databases, including Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library. On 6th December, 2023, an extensive literature search was done using predefined search terms (According to MeSH terms) and inclusion criteria. Any studies that investigated the effects of soy isoflavones on MIRI injuries were included. Search strategy, screening of the publications, and data extraction were performed following PRISMA guidelines 2020.Results Diverse mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of soy isoflavones against MIRI include antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, enhanced mitochondrial function, regulation of apoptosis pathways, improving angiogenesis effects, attenuating heart histological changes, modulating factors that affect hemodynamic changes, and reducing Ca+2 overload. Although most studies reported promising effects in reducing the complications of MIRI, a small number of studies also showed no significant effect in this regard. Also, they did not report any specific side effects from consuming isoflavones alone.Conclusion The findings suggest that soy isoflavones as a complementary therapeutic strategy potentially benefit MIRI outcomes and support their role in cardiovascular health. However, further well-designed clinical trials are warranted to validate these findings and establish their clinical significance in cardiovascular disease management
Comparing the color match of monolithic CAD-CAM dental ceramics with the VITA Classical shade guide
No full textStatement of problem: Matching the shade selected and the final color of a ceramic restoration is challenging, and studies on matching monolithic ceramics to the shade selected are lacking. Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the color match of monolithic lithium disilicate (LDS), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS), presintered zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (PS-ZLS), polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN), and multilayer zirconia with the 3 modes of the VITA Classical shade guide. Material and methods: This study was performed on 50 rectangular plates (14×12×1 mm) of 5 types of ceramics with A2 shade (n=10). Zirconia specimens were evaluated in 3 locations: incisal, medial, and cervical thirds. The color coordinates of the specimens of all 7 groups were measured on #3 and #8 Ivoclar Natural Die Color material by using a reflective spectrophotometer. The color coordinates of A2 VITA shade were measured in 5 modes: without backing placed in specimen holder, shade tab on the backgrounds #3 and #8, and 1-mm-thick shade tab on the backgrounds #3 and #8. The color difference of each specimen with 3 modes of A2 shade (without backing and on similar backgrounds) was calculated by using the ΔE00 formula, and comparison among groups was performed by using 2-way ANOVA and Tamhane post hoc tests. The comparison of ΔE00 between the values obtained from backgrounds #3 and #8 was performed by using the independent t test (α=.05). Results: In both backgrounds, statistically significant differences were found between the studied groups and VITA shade (P<.001). In most situations, the amount of color difference was lowest for the “shade tab on the backgrounds” mode. On background #3, the highest color difference was related to ZLS (6.48 ±0.23), and the lowest values were observed in the PICN group (1.02 ±0.31). On background #8, the highest color difference was related to ZLS compared with the “without backing” mode (8.62 ±0.27), and the lowest values were reported for ZLS compared with the “shade tab on the backgrounds” mode (1.27 ±0.44). The independent t test showed a statistically significant color difference on the 2 different backgrounds for all situations (P<.001). Conclusions: Color selection of monolithic ceramics with the VITA Classical shade guide is improved by placing the VITA tabs on a similar background. Background color has a significant effect on the final shade of the monolithic ceramics. Choosing the correct color for LDS, ZLS, and PS-ZLS requires more care than for PICN and zirconia
Dietary patterns and premature coronary artery disease: result from the Iran premature coronary artery disease (IPAD) study
No full textBackground: Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is one of the major health concerns leading to considerable death and disabilities. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of dietary patterns with risk of PCAD. Methods: Iran premature coronary diseases (IPAD) is a case-control study consists of 3159 participants. Obstructive CAD in ≥ 75% of at least one coronary artery or ≥ 50% in the left main artery based on coronary angiography in women under 70 and men under 60 years old was considered PCAD. The habitual dietary intake of participants was collected using a semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to extract dietary patterns. Results: Three main dietary patterns including healthy, Western and high-fat, high-sugar were identified. Patients categorized in the last tertile of the healthy dietary pattern had a decreased risk of PCAD (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64–0.93), while those in the top tertile of Western (OR = 2.38, 95 CI:1.97–2.86) and High-fat simple carbohydrate (HFSC) (OR = 3.10, 95% CI:2.57–3.75) diets had increased risk of PCAD. Conclusions: A healthy dietary pattern was significantly related to a decreased risk of PCAD presence, whereas Western and HFSC diets were connected to a higher risk of PCAD
Global, regional, and national burden of injuries, and burden attributable to injuries risk factors, 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019
No full textObjectives: In this study, the trends and current situation of the injury burden as well as attributable burden to injury risk factors at global, regional, and national levels based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 are presented. Study design: To assess the attributable burden of injury risk factors, the data of interest on data sources were retrieved from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) and analyzed. Methods: Cause-specific death from injuries was estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model in the GBD 2019. The burden attributable to each injury risk factor was incorporated in the population attributable fraction to estimate the total attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) was used to evaluate countries’ developmental status. Results: Globally, there were 713.9 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 663.8 to 766.9) injuries incidence and 4.3 million (UI: 3.9 to 4.6) deaths caused by injuries in 2019. There was an inverse relationship between age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate and SDI quintiles in 2019. Overall, low bone mineral density was the leading risk factor of injury deaths in 2019, with a contribution of 10.5% (UI: 9.0 to 11.6) of total injuries and age-standardized deaths, followed by occupational risks (7.0% [UI: 6.3–7.9]) and alcohol use (6.8% [UI: 5.2 to 8.5]). Conclusion: Various risks were responsible for the imposed burden of injuries. This study highlighted the small but persistent share of injuries in the global burden of diseases and injuries to provide beneficial data to produce proper policies to reach an effective global injury prevention plan
Potential of Edaravone Dexborneol in the treatment of cerebral ischemia: focus on cell death-related signaling pathways
No full textCerebral ischemia has the highest global rate of morbidity and mortality. It occurs when a sudden occlusion develops in the arterial system, and consequently some parts of the brain are deprived from glucose and oxygen due to the cessation of blood flow. The ensuing reperfusion of the ischemic area results in a cascade of pathological alternations like neuronal apoptosis by producing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Edaravone Dexborneol is a novel agent, comprised of Edaravone and Dexborneol in a 4:1 ratio. It has documented neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia injury. Edaravone Dexborneol improves neurobehavioral and sensorimotor function, cognitive function, brain edema, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity in experimental models. It at dosages ranging between 0.375 and 15 mg/kg (from immediately after ischemia until the 28th post-ischemic days) has shown neuroprotective effects in experimental models of cerebral ischemia by inhibiting cell death-signaling pathways. For example, it inhibits apoptosis by increasing Bcl2, and reducing Bax and caspase-3 expression. Edaravone Dexborneol also inhibits pyroptosis by attenuating NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD signaling, as well as ferroptosis by activating the Nrf-2/HO-1/GPX4 signaling pathway. It also inhibits autophagy by targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Here, we provide a review on the impacts of Edaravone Dexborneol on cerebral ischemia
Prevalence and subtyping of Blastocystis sp. in ruminants in Southwestern, Iran
No full textBlastocystis is the most common gastrointestinal protozoan parasite of humans and many vertebrates. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and determination subtype (ST) of Blastocystis in domestic ruminants of Shahrekord County, southwestern Iran. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 330 ruminant fecal samples (107 cows, 115 sheep, and 108 goats) were evaluated by parasitological methods (direct wet mount microscopic examination and formalin-ether concentration), Giemsa staining, In vitro xenic culture (The modified Dobell and Laidlaw culture method), polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing from 2018 to 2019, then data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. The overall Blastocystis positive in ruminants was 14.2% and the frequency of Blastocystis sp. in cattle, sheep, and goats were 0.93%, 17.4%, and 24.1% respectively. Molecular diagnosis techniques revealed that ruminants were infected with four STs (genotypes) of Blastocystis including ST5(21.3%), ST7(2.1%), ST10(17.1%) and ST14(57.4%). Also, the STs identified in cows were ST10, and the observed STs in sheep were ST5 (40%), ST7 (3%), ST10 (5%), ST14 (45%), and one unknown subspecies. Goats were infected by ST5 (7.7%), ST10 (23.1%), and ST14 (69.2%). In this study, ST14 was identified as the most common subtype of Blastocystis sp. that was not common between humans and livestock, meanwhile, ST5 and ST7 are common between humans and animals accounted 21.3% and 2.1% of the positive cases, respectively, and reinforces the hypothesis that ruminants are reservoirs of blastocystosis in humans
Circulating mannose-binding lectin in diabetic patients and risk of vascular complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textObjectives: Recent studies have confirmed the involvement of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in the pathogenesis of vascular complications in individuals with diabetes. Due to the discrepancy between the results of studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate MBL levels in patients with diabetes and its vascular complications. Methods: We reviewed all observational studies published in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science Core Collection databases to identify relevant studies up to 1 April 2024. To account for describing heterogeneity among the studies, I2 and χ2 statistics were utilized. Also, a random-effects model was employed to combine the studies. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist was applied for quality assessment of each study. Results: Twenty-eight papers were encompassed in this meta-analysis. The mean difference in MBL levels between patients with diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy differed significantly compared with the healthy control group and the diabetic group without vascular complications (P-value < 0.05). Moreover, the pooled results revealed a significant relationship between MBL levels and the incidence of vascular complications (pooled HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.07–1.95, P-value < 0.05) and disease-related mortality (pooled HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.07–2.16, P-value < 0.05) among diabetic patients. Also, there was a direct association between incidence of nephropathy in diabetics and higher levels of MBL (pooled HR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.52–3.08, P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Diabetic patients with elevated MBL levels are potentially at increased risk of vascular complications such as nephropathy and retinopathy. Therefore, by determining MBL status in diabetic patients, it is possible to predict the progress and possible consequences of the disease
Effect of gentle human touch and oral sucrose on distress relief in preterm neonates: A randomized crossover controlled trial
No full textPurpose: This study was conducted with the aim of comparing gentle human touch and oral sucrose on the distress caused by the placement of a oral-gastric tube in preterm infants admitted to the NICU. Methods: This prospective randomized crossover controlled trial was performed between June to December 2023 in Tehran, Iran. Results: The results showed that, at the baseline, there was not statistically significant difference between the mean distress score of participations in the control condition, gentle human touch condition and the sucrose condition (P = 0.139) but after the intervention, the mean distress score in the gentle human touch was significantly lower than the control and sucrose conditions (P < 0.001) and there was not statistically significant difference between the control and sucrose conditions (P = 0.651). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that gentle human touch is more effective and more sustained than oral sucrose in reducing the distress of preterm infants. Trial registration: This study is registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (https://en.irct.ir/) with IRCTID: 20230202057303N1 on 2023-04-06
Psychosis and schizophrenia among patients with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Prior research has indicated an association between epilepsy and psychosis. This review aimed to estimate the global prevalence rate of psychosis and schizophrenia in epilepsy and assess the odds of psychosis and schizophrenia among patients with epilepsy (PWE). Method: A comprehensive literature search was carried out utilizing relevant keywords in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus, covering from January 1, 1990, to November 18, 2023. The meta-analysis was performed using R software employing a random-effect model to establish the overall prevalence and odds ratio (OR), with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI), of psychosis and schizophrenia in epilepsy. Result: Eighty-one studies encompassing 970,497 PWE met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of psychosis and schizophrenia among PWE was 7.8 % (95 % CI: 6.3–9.2 %, I2 = 100 %) and 3 % (95 % CI: 1.7–4.3 %, I2 = 95 %), respectively. Moreover, epilepsy was associated with a threefold rise in the odds of psychosis (OR = 3.41, 95 % CI: 2.3–5.08, p-value < 0.01, I2 = 99 %, p-heterogeneity < 0.01). Furthermore, epilepsy was found to be significantly correlated with a fivefold increased odds of schizophrenia (OR = 5.22, 95 % CI: 2.99–9.11, p-value < 0.01, I2 = 94 %, p-heterogeneity < 0.01) Conclusion: Epilepsy can increase the risk of developing psychosis and schizophrenia. Additional longitudinal research is warranted to elucidate the influence of epilepsy and its treatments on the risk of psychosis and schizophrenia, and also a comprehensive suite of confounding adjustments will be requisite
Clinical Presentations and Surgical Features of Morgagni Hernia in Adults: A Retrospective Study
No full textBackground and Aims: Morgagni hernias are rare congenital diaphragmatic defects that can lead to bowel obstruction and incarceration if not repaired. While this disease typically manifests as respiratory distress, frequent respiratory infections, and infant growth failure, it can sometimes be accidentally discovered in adulthood through cross-sectional imaging. We aimed to report our experience managing this entity during 20 years at our referral center. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of adult patients diagnosed with Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia who underwent surgery at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in two main referral hospitals between 2002 and 2022. Patients' demographic and clinical data, including surgical features and hospitalization, course were extracted and subsequently analyzed. Results: Seventeen patients, including three men and 14 women, with an age range of 26 to 92 years (average age 61.5 years), were diagnosed with Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia. Three patients had left-sided hernias, and 14 had right-sided hernias. The most common clinical manifestations were shortness of breath and abdominal pain. The most commonly herniated contents were the omentum and colon. All patients underwent laparotomy, and the hernia sac was removed in 11 patients. Conclusions: Morgagni is a rare congenital diaphragmatic hernia usually diagnosed incidentally. Laparoscopic repair has high success rates and is a viable option for patients with this pathology