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Exploring Opportunities for Artificial Intelligence in Organization Development
No full textThe purpose of this research was to examine the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in organization development (OD) through a comprehensive review of existing literature. We also propose potential avenues for future research on AI in OD. We conducted a systematic literature review of 68 studies on AI in OD based on Cummings and Worley’s four OD categories (i.e., human process, human resource, strategic change, and technostructural interventions). We first summarized and analyzed key information about how AI is implemented in OD contexts, and then examined the underlying theories or theoretical frameworks utilized in OD studies focusing on AI. We examined the application of AI in OD, potential ethical concerns, and recommendations for future research and practice using AI in OD. The paper concludes with discussion and implications for research and practice
Forty-five years of research on diversity, equity and inclusion in management
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study is to review the overall trends in diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) research in the management field. Design/methodology/approach: We performed a scoping review to comprehensively understand how DEI research has been conducted and to inform future research and practices in the management field. We reviewed 725 articles published from 1976 to 2022 in SSCI-indexed management journals. We examined publication profiles (number of articles and research focus), publication tendency (journals and years), chronological publication trends, work environments (traditional vs remote/virtual work settings) and dimensions of DEI, including age, gender, race and culture. Findings: We identified six common DEI research themes: (1) DEI management and practice, (2) perspectives on DEI, (3) team/group diversity, (4) DEI conceptualization, (5) leadership for DEI and (6) DEI climate. Finally, discussion, implications and recommendations for future research are presented. Originality/value: Our research provides a comprehensive outline of the DEI research and suggests future directions to contribute to and advance knowledge on DEI in the management field
Protective Factors for Marijuana Use and Suicidal Behavior Among Black LGBQ U.S. High School Students
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the association between protective factors, marijuana use, and suicidal behavior among Black LGBQ U.S. adolescents. Methods: A subsample of 991 Black LGBQ adolescents was derived from the 2019 Combined High School YRBSS dataset. Suicidal behavior was measured as suicidal planning and/or previous suicide attempts. Marijuana usage gauged lifetime consumption. The protective factors included sports team participation, physical activity, eating breakfast, hours of sleep, and academic performance. Age and sex were entered as covariates. Multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) was used to address missing data, and pooled binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: Academic performance and hours of sleep were significantly associated with lower odds of suicidal behavior and lifetime marijuana use. Sports team participation was associated with higher odds of lifetime marijuana use. Being female was linked to higher odds of marijuana use, while older age was associated with lower odds. Discussion: For Black LGBQ youth, academic performance and sufficient sleep may function as protective factors. Participating in sports was associated with greater odds of risk behaviors, highlighting the need to assess the experiences of Black LGBQ youth in sports. Implications and Contributions: Our findings inform school programming, policy, and practice by identifying academic support and sleep health as intervention areas
Reciprocal peer teaching in elementary general music classrooms using Orff Schulwerk and Modern Band
No full textMusic classrooms have incorporated elements of cooperative peer learning for generations. Whether sharing an instrument or composing a song together, peers interact in many meaningful and spontaneous ways. While the principles of peer-assisted learning (PAL) might be familiar to many music teachers, the process and structures of reciprocal peer teaching (RPT) may be new to some and can help provide a structured and positive approach to music learning, particularly considering limited class time. The purpose of this article is to describe the process of RPT as it applies to elementary general music classrooms. An established body of research in peer learning will lead to an explanation of the tutor training process. Readers will then be provided content-specific suggestions for practice based on two common methods of elementary general music: Orff Schulwerk and Modern Band
Assembly, Stability, and Catalysis of the Photosystem II Oxygen-Evolving Complex
No full textPhotosystem II (PSII) is the sole enzyme capable of forming O2 from water in oxygenic photosynthesis. However, PSII is also capable of using O2 to form various reactive oxygen species that can damage these biomolecules. Therefore, a delicate balance between O2 evolution and O2 consumption reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis led to terraforming the atmosphere on planet Earth. In this dissertation, I have combined methods from molecular cloning, spectroscopy, merged with mathematical analysis to investigate the assembly, stability, and catalysis of the PSII oxygen-evolving complex
Decadal to Millennial-scale Morphodynamic Evolution of Microtidal Marshes
No full textTidal marshes are susceptible to rapidly converting to open water due to their low elevations within the tidal frame. A continuous supply of externally supplied mineral sediment and in situ organic material production is necessary to offset elevation losses from relative sea level rise and erosion. Complex feedbacks between hydrodynamics, the erosion, transport, and deposition of sediment, and physical modification of the landscape by the establishment of intertidal vegetation govern the spatial and temporal patterns of elevation response. This dissertation focuses on modeling how these dynamics drive marsh landscape evolution in the past, present, and into the future under changing natural and anthropogenic forcing conditions. Special attention is paid to microtidal marshes because their smaller tidal prism limits sediment delivery by tidal currents and squeezes habitable intertidal elevations into an especially narrow window. The first two studies (Chapters 2-3) examine the impact of a morphodynamic feedback between long-term marsh platform development and the frictional dissipation of the tidal signal penetrating the marsh. Large microtidal marsh platforms may experience gradual tidal restriction in their landward portions, ultimately triggering runaway marsh loss even under the very same forcing conditions in which they formed. Adding in accelerated relative sea level rise then results in abrupt marsh loss. The third study (Chapter 4) is a hindcast-forecast simulation of the evolution of a large microtidal interdistributary estuary receiving combined fluvial and nearshore sediment input, and is meant to serve as an analog for Barataria Basin, LA, USA. The hindcast extends 1400 yrs into the past, while the forecast spans 50-100 yrs into the future. The morphodynamic impact of wind waves, through marsh edge erosion and sediment resuspension, control past geomorphic development and future predictions of marsh extent. The inclusion or exclusion of waves from forecasts makes a bigger impact on 50 yr predictions of basin-wide marsh extent than even large engineered river sediment diversions. The final study (Chapter 5) assesses the relative impact of different marsh restoration actions involving the beneficial re-use of dredged sediment: new marsh creation, thin-layer placement, and a nearshore “channel-seeding” technique. For a given volume of sediment added, thin-layer placement is most effective at preserving total marsh area
Redefining Actor Training: Prioritizing Mental Health and Ethical Pedagogy in Higher Education Actor Training Programs
Get PDFIn recent years, higher education personnel across the country have referred to the pervasiveness of mental health challenges on college campuses as an epidemic. Students majoring in theatre and performance are no exception. This dissertation examines the unique factors of actor training programs and their impact on student actors’ mental health and well-being. Many traditional actor training programs have long upheld the notion that great artistry requires personal sacrifices, which include a lack of work-life balance and, at times, practices that blur the boundaries between life and art. I argue that actor training programs have failed to evolve alongside current societal and mental health trends. Like Suzanne Burgoyne Diekman, Mark Seton, and Scott Magelssen, I use historiographical analysis to show how outdated training practices encourage more significant emotional labor and a merging of personal and professional life, thus increasing the possibility of psychological distress, burnout, and, in some cases, re-traumatization. Using a recently conducted pilot study with intimacy choreography as a blueprint, this dissertation differs from previous scholarship in that it explores tangible ways to integrate ethical pedagogy, using consent-based and trauma-informed practices, into an already established actor training curriculum. With resources lacking and numbers growing, student actors need intentional opportunities to learn boundary-setting, self-care, and coping skills to manage stress related to their unique training environment. Providing student actors with occasion to improve these skills can mitigate stress and assist them in autonomously reducing mental health challenges and improving their well-being
Investigation of Redox Active Compounds for Use in Electrochemical Energy Devices
No full textElectrochemical energy devices such as redox flow batteries and CO2 electrolyzers have the promise of being hugely beneficial in combating the extant anthropogenic CO2 in our atmosphere and for dealing with our continual formation of anthropogenic CO2. Redox flow batteries can help to ease the transition away from fossil fuels as an energy source, thereby minimizing future production of CO2. CO2 electrolyzers can not only remove CO2 from the atmosphere but can transform the greenhouse gas into valuable feedstock chemicals. In the following work, we will examine an iron(III) porphyrin for use as a redox flow battery energy carrier and several electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
Fe(III)TPP-Cl, which has long been used as an electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction in NBu4PF6 in DMF. In this project, we aimed to determine if it could be used as an energy carrier in a nonaqueous redox flow battery system. Through this work, we were able to highlight an overlooked but important interaction that occurs between common tetralkylammonium support electrolytes and the most reduced form of Fe(III)TPP-Cl. We were then able to determine methods to bypass this unwanted reaction by charge/discharge cycling in KPF6.
We then probed the effect of methylation of the bipyridine ring of Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br to determine the ideal functionalization to facilitate immobilization on a working electrode. Throught this work, we were able to identify the methylation position which caused the least unwanted changes in the electrochemical properties of the parent complex.
In the final major project, we probed a combination of a molecular Iron(II) porphyrin immobilized alongside Copper nanoparticles on a carbon paper electrode for use in CO2 electrolyzers. The effect of tandem electrocatalysis was examined in which the Iron(III) porphyrin produces CO at lower overpotentials and the CO is then shuttled to active copper sites where they can be further reduced to C2+products. In this work, we determined what effect the tandem electrocatalyst system has on electrocatalytic activity toward CO2 reduction and production distribution