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Network Analysis of Skeletal Muscle During Spaceflight in Male Mice
Get PDFContext: The unloading associated with spaceflight results in the rapid loss of bone and muscle tissue thereby affecting functionality. These are two of the most concerning physiologic changes that occur in space and could limit long-term occupation in space. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms of changes to bone and muscle could lead to development of improved therapies to counteract both spaceflight and terrestrial-based bone and muscle dysfunction.Methods: Here we used a non-biased, stringent, deep sequencing (96 million paired end reads targeting 100 bp read length) assay to examine genomic networks altered by spaceflight in the quadriceps (n=4/group). Specifically, 9 week old C57BL/6 male mice were housed on the International Space Station or at Kennedy Space Center for approximately four weeks (n=10/group). Results: 14,228 genes (70% of whole mouse genome) met the cut-off criteria and the data sets were mapped to an average of ~76% of the whole mouse genome. Of these, 840 genes met the t-test criteria, p\u3c0.05. Canonical networks linked to EIF2 signaling, calcium ion signaling, and oxidative stress response were significantly enriched by the differentially expressed genes. A comprehensive energy deprivation was indicated as functions related to protein synthesis and degradation, lipid synthesis and oxidation, and ATP hydrolysis were inhibited, and mitochondrial dysfunction was activated.Conclusions: This is the first time that skeletal muscle changes have been studied in male mice during spaceflight, and these data add important new findings to changes that occur to the musculoskeletal system in male mice during spaceflight. In orthopaedic trauma, many patients spend prolonged periods non-weight bearing and can experience significant muscle atrophy as a result. The networks analyzed in this work may prove to be targets for future therapies to counter this atrophy
Hubert’s Encounters with the Succession in Shakespeare’s King John
Get PDFThis article discusses the role of Hubert in Shakespeare\u27s King John, illustrating Shakespeare\u27s contemplation of the influence of one person\u27s impact on monarchical succession.
Originally published at the The Selected Papers of the Ohio Valley Shakespeare Conference
Priestly Celibacy and the Rise of National Priests’ Associations since Vatican II
Get PDFThis chapter briefly traces the history of priestly celibacy in the Catholic Church, its reasons, and the crisis in vocations the discipline created, partly as a result of the Second Vatican Council’s praise of sexuality in marriage. A collateral movement questioned how authority should be distributed among the hierarchy, the clergy, and the laity, that is, what sort of ecclesiology should obtain
Teaching Online in Real Time with WebEx
No full textWebEx now has a full integration with Canvas. This allows instructors to have real time sessions with their online students, conduct polls, use break out rooms for small group work, and even conduct quizzes that load into the grade book. For those teaching online or anyone who would like an easy way to interact with students at anytime, you will want to check out what this tool allows
3D Printing Phone Case Orbs to Bend Light as a Geospatial Fitness Incentive
No full textA smartphone conveying gameplay movement instructions via encasement in a glowing football was designed to increase fitness and reduce obesity. While smartphone geolocation apps have flourished, people\u27s ability to interact with them in high speed and velocity activities remains limited due to their form factor and need for significant visual attention. Specifically, a standardized smartphone grid display to convey movement instructions was designed, along with smartphone “orb” cases which were 3D printed to increase velocity of movement in geospatial games for use by K-12 grade students. Fitting a variety of different smartphones, the 3D printed case is being tested to employ an array of tubes that bend at specific angles (0-90 degrees) which emit light from the screen of the phone, allowing for directionality while using a geospatial app. Multiple paints were tested to maximize light exiting from the far end of the tube, as well as to determine the optimal angle for light emittance. Light intensity emitted from 3D printed and store bought tubes was measured using, white, black, and chrome paints, as well as a titration of reflective beads in white paint. The results indicated that chrome paint allowed for the highest amount of light emittance compared to other paints with up to a 75 degree bend being tolerated. The case, as well as future developed geospatial smartphone applications, would allow new ways for students and individuals to exercise and compete with others and will help combat the negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle through socially incentivized games, such as tag, scavenger hunts, or capture the flag
Effect of Scoliosis/Treatment on Pulmonary Function Relative to Stature in SMA
No full textContext: Children with SMA suffer from scoliosis, global weakness, and Thoracic Insufficiency (TIS). Normalized pulmonary function tests are inadequate when evaluating these patients for improvement in PFTs. Objective: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) varies proportionately with thoracic height. Scoliosis severity affects this relationship: children w/Cobb relationship, while children w/Cobb \u3e50 do not, and suffer from TIS. Spinal instrumentation (SI) partially restores this proportion. We evaluated whether FVC varies proportionately w/ stature, as represented by PIW, and if this relationship was affected by curve severity/treatment. Design: Retro Comparative Setting: Patients diagnosed with SMA at Boston Children’s Hospital with PFTs and x-rays. Methods: Bedside FVC and sitting spine X-ray in/out of TLSO and pre/post SI were evaluated serially. Moderate scoliosis was treated w/TLSO, whereas severe curves were treated by SI. Cobb, PIW and FVC @ treatment initiation were compared @ last f/u: 53 SMA pts. types: 1 (2%), 2 (53%), 3 (45%) were analyzed over 5 yrs. (SD 2.6; range 1.1-11.6 yrs). Results: For children with Cobb 50 there was no correlation (p=0.27); regardless of treatment. Linear mixed modeling for unbalanced groups and non-normal distributions comparing FVC/PIW for TLSO vs SI @ initiation vs last f/u, segregated by initial curve severity, indicate a difference in FVC/PIW for subjects \u3e50° vs. \u3c 50° (p=0.004) and for SI vs. TLSO (p=0.009). Conclusion: For SMA children with Cobb 50 there was no relationship, indicating PF disproportionate to stature = TIS. SI did not restore the proportional relationship between FVC and PIW
Small Teaching: From Minor Changes to Major Learning
Get PDFResearch from the learning sciences and from a variety of educational settings suggests that a small number of key principles can improve learning in almost any type of college or university course, from traditional lectures to flipped classrooms. This session will introduce some of those principles, offer practical suggestions for how they might foster positive change in higher education teaching and learning, and guide faculty participants to consider how these principles might manifest themselves in their current and upcoming courses
Cheating Lessons Learning from Academic Dishonesty
Get PDFWhen students engage in academically dishonest behaviors, they may be responding to subtle pressures in the learning environment that interfere with deep learning and nudge them toward cheating. Hence if we can gain a better understanding of the reasons for academically dishonest behavior, we can use that knowledge to improve our course design, teaching practices, and communication with students. This session will provide an overview of the various pressures that push student toward academic dishonesty and propose solutions for helping students learn how to do their work with integrity
Superficial Ulnar Artery with High Bifurcation of the Brachial Artery and its Clinical Significance
Get PDFAlthough the variations in brachial artery branching patterns are commonly observed, only 3.75% exhibit a high ulnar artery variation1. An even fewer number present with a bilateral superficial ulnar artery, as was reported by Fadel and Amonoo-Kuofi2. The compounding variations of a high bifurcation of the brachial artery and a superficial ulnar artery may be asymptomatic, but demonstrate important clinical significance in relation to accidental intra-arterial injections, errors in blood pressure readings, as well as orthopedic, plastic and vascular surgeries of the upper limbs1. This study aims to expand upon previous literature and provide additional insight to the field of clinical anatomy, while educating physicians of the possible presentations and potentially severe risks associated with these variations
Enabling Study of Human Immune Dysfunction Using Yeast Gene 0ST3/UNGI
Get PDFOST3 is a yeast gene for Obligosaccharyl transferase, a homolog of the Magnesium Transport 1 gene in humans. This human gene produce XMEN disease. XMEN disease is an X-Linked immune system deficiency where the amount of CD4+ T cells present in the body are reduced in function. XMEN is caused by a mutation in the MAGT1 gene. The MAGT1 gene produces a protein called magnesium transport. As shown in Magnesium transport is important because it activates CD4+ T cells, allowing for infections to be effectively detected. A mutation in the MAGT1 gene, reduces the function and effectivity of CD4+ T cells. For the individual, this mutation would result in a higher risk of developing infection, pneumonia or cancer. The only known effective treatment for XMEN is stem cell therapy