1997 research outputs found
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Role of Lipid Droplets in Prostaglandin E2 Production During Coxiella Burnetii Infection
No full textCoxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen and causative agent of Q fever. Chronic Q-fever manifests as potentially fatal endocarditis weeks to years after initial infection, suggesting Coxiella’s ability to live long-term inside the host. Our overall goal is to understand Coxiella’s long-term survival mechanisms. While Coxiella initially infects alveolar macrophages, it\u27s also found in lipid droplet (LD)-containing foamy macrophages in cardiac valves of endocarditis patients. Our previous studies show Coxiella manipulates LD homeostasis via the Type 4 Secretion System (T4SS), a major virulence factor which secretes bacterial effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm to manipulate cell processes. Further, inhibiting LD breakdown almost completely blocks bacterial growth. Since LD breakdown releases lipids, our data suggests LD-derived lipids are critical for Coxiella survival. LD breakdown releases arachidonic acid, a precursor of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which promotes an immunosuppressive environment in alveolar macrophages. Hence we hypothesize Coxiella achieves long-term intracellular survival by manipulating host cell LD metabolism to establish a PGE2-mediated immunosuppressive environment. To test this hypothesis, we quantified gene expression of PGE2 synthesis enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) in differentially infected alveolar macrophages. Compared to uninfected cells, cox-2 was upregulated in Coxiella-infected macrophages but not T4SS mutant-infected cells. Further, quantitation by ELISA showed increased PGE2 levels in Coxiella-infected cells compared to uninfected cells. These studies indicate Coxiella T4SS actively manipulates cox-2 expression thus resulting in increased PGE2 in Coxiella-infected cells. Ongoing studies are identifying the direct correlation between LDs and PGE2 production in Coxiella-infected cells. Future studies will determine the potential of blocking PGE2 as a supplemental therapy for Coxiella endocarditis
Bringing Attention to Lesser-known Bone Remodeling Pathways
Get PDFOsteoporosis, a disease of low bone mass, places individuals at enhanced risk for fracture, disability, and death. In the USA, hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures exceed those for heart attack, stroke, and breast cancer and, by 2025, the number of fractures due to osteoporosis is expected to rise to nearly three million in the USA alone. Pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis are aimed at stabilizing or increasing bone mass. However, there are significant drawbacks to current pharmacological options, particularly for long-term management of this chronic condition. Moreover, the drug development pipeline is relatively bereft of new strategies. Consequently, there is an urgent and unmet need for developing new strategies and targets for treating osteoporosis. Casual observation led us to hypothesize that much of the bone remodeling research literature focused on relatively few molecular pathways. This led us to perform bibliometric analyses to determine the relative popularity of bone remodeling pathways in publications and US National Institutes of Health funding of the last 10 years. In this review article, we discuss these findings and highlight several less-examined signaling pathways that may hold promise for future therapies
Correlation of Low Doses of Actinomycin D Chemotherapy on Multiple Human Cancer Cell Lines with Increased Nucleolar Amplification
No full textMU Grocery Delivery Business Plan
Get PDFMission Statement: MU Grocery Delivery is here to help the students of Marian University change the way they get their groceries by offering a low cost grocery delivery service that will save students time and effort that they could be using for their school work or anything else they feel deserves their time and energy.
Service Summary: MU Grocery Delivery is a quality grocery delivery service for Marian University students. Our website has disclaimers and refund policy explanations. The home page features the date and time of delivery on Marian’s campus. We will deliver once a week and we deliver to a centralized location on campus, Norman Center room 105, and students will have an hour to come pick up their groceries from that location. The current time frame for students to pick their groceries up is Tuesday evenings from 8:00-9:00 pm. Having seen our home page, our customers will likely go to our online store page on the website. Our online store is comprised of products found at Walmart, Meijer, and Target stores. There are currently 80 items on our website. Many of these items have multiple varieties as well. The costs of the items are already pre-programmed with tax included on taxable items, as well as a 20% markup fee on each item individually. This 20% markup fee serves as our delivery fee.
Objectives: MU Grocery Delivery projects that we will break even after 177 sales at an average of 11 per sale, we believe that we can double the amount of orders reaching 82 orders per week. We are projected to break even within 3 weeks. At the conclusion of the spring semester, we are projected to have a net income of 19.13 per hour
The Role of Lipid Droplets in Host-pathogen Interactions of Intracellular and Extracellular Bacteria
Get PDFContext: Lipid droplets (LDs) are cytoplasmic lipid storage organelles that have recently gained importance in host-pathogen interactions. They are surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and store excess cellular free fatty acids and cholesterol as triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol ester (CE) respectively. LDs are crucial to lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Further, their role in membrane trafficking, cell signaling, and inflammation make them a prime target for pathogens. Several bacterial, viral, and protozoal pathogens exploit host- or self-derived LDs to build new infectious progeny and/or modulate inflammation to promote infection. However, the diverse role of LDs in different bacterial pathogens remains elusive and merits in-depth elucidation. Objective: The goal of this review is to summarize the current research describing how certain bacterial pathogens manipulate LDs, and how those LDs affect the survival and infectivity of said bacteria. Methods/Design: We investigated literature from the last ten years involving LD-pathogen interactions for the intracellular pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, and Mycobacterium bovis; and the extracellular pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholera. Results: Mycobacterium spp. use LDs as both a fatty acid reservoir and a source of immune mediators, thus enhancing bacterial growth. Pseudomonas mobilizes LDs to increase its virulence whereas V. cholera uses fatty acids derived from aquatic animals to remodel its membrane phospholipids and provide stability for the bacterium. Conclusion: Because LDs are important metabolic organelles, understanding how pathogens exploit LDs during infection will emphasize the underappreciated role of cellular metabolic processes during bacterial infections. Our review will shed light on the importance of LDs during intracellular and extracellular bacterial infections, exploring a novel aspect of host-pathogen interactions
Canvas: Managing Learning Outcomes
No full textUnderstanding whether or not students are meeting the learning outcomes of your course or program is critical for instructors and programs. This session will explain how Canvas can be used to track learning outcomes in a course, across a program, or throughout an entire curriculum
Roman Catholic Pastoral Theology: An Adolescent Ministry Scholar’s Perspective
No full textThe article demonstrates a need and placement of Roman Catholic pastoral theology and serves to offer important revelations about the state of pastoral theology in the Catholic tradition. The overarching goal of this article is to address several components of Catholic pastoral theology: its distinctive nature, the many theological and ministerial areas within its discipline, its scope and purpose, its themes and issues, its prospective future, and finally, reflections on my experience as an adolescent ministry scholar. The article attempts to deepen the conversation of Catholic pastoral theology and to highlight some of its strengths and growing edges