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Gli Avvocati e le nuove forme di ADR: il diritto collaborativo
No full textThe Collaborative Law is a new form of alternative Dispute Resolution, in which the parties and their lawyers commit to resolve the legal dispute without going to Court. The central concept of the collaborative practice, conceived in 1990 by Stuart Webb, a Minnesota family lawyer, is that the legal services provided by counsel are limited to advice regarding the negotiated resolution of the conflict focusing exclusively on developing a consensual outcome. The cornerstone of the collaborative approach is the “collaborative commitment” that requires that lawyers withdraw if the case is not settled. In twenty years, the collaborative law approach has known a great development in U.S.A., Canada and in many European countries. This rapid success of Collaborative law is due to the new role of the lawyers that govern the whole process. Although mediation remains a good dispute resolution method for many cases, it presents some characteristic that make it unacceptable choice for a growing numbers of lawyers. As Stuart Webb wrote: «One of the aspect of mediation that I feel is a weakness is that it basically leaves out input by the lawyer at the early stages». The new collaborative practice reshape the landscape of ADR methods and indicates a change in the legal practice. This article focuses on the concept of collaborative law and the development of the collaborative practices in the United States and in the Canadian Federation. After describing the basic elements of collaborative approach, this essay describes the “Commitment of Participative Procedure”, introduced by the French legislator in 2010 and the “Assisted Negotiation”, introduced by Italian lawmakers in 2014
Total natural radioactivity, Veneto (Italy)
No full textWe present the first detailed map of the terrestrial natural radioactivity of the Veneto Region (Italy), a 18,264 km2 densely populated area, previously investigated through indoor radon surveys. The activity concentration in 709 representative samples of the main Alpine lithostratigraphic units was measured by using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) γ-ray spectrometer to characterize the radioactivity content of the 41 cartographic units of the Veneto Lithostratigraphic map at 1:250,000 scale. An area accounting for 61% of the territory, comprising alluvial plains was investigated through airborne γ-ray measurements. The large-volume NaI detectors were mounted on an ultralight aircraft, flying a 7000 km line. The data were interpolated using Ordinary Kriging, and a distribution model of the radioactivity content was produced. The result of the data analysis is a total natural radioactivity map of Veneto at 1:250,000 scale in which the activity concentration of the territory is visualized in seven classes, according to the percentile values calculated on the total dataset of measurements
Lo Spazio dei problemi: processi di spazializzazione dei problemi sociali: il caso di Scampia
No full textThe issue of Italian popular suburbs has been the subject of specific investigations and urban policies. Policies aim to eliminate those problems that are considered more dramatic for these areas (crime, poverty, unemployment, school dropouts, etc.). At the same time, these policies seem to give rise to “priority geographies” in urban landscape.
While both studies and the institutional framework are clearly addressed in some European contexts, such as France or England, in Italy there is a need to identify a proper approach.
The goal of this research project is to understand if the Italian context of public policy is experiencing a creation process of priority geographies, through a spatialization of social problems. This subject will be investigated starting from an ethnographic field work within a “problematic” neighborhood in the north of Naples, called Scampia
Anthelmintic evaluation of selected phytochemicals in dairy ewes
No full textIn this dissertation we showed the in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of selected plant extracts and secondary metabolites against gastrointestinal nematodes and their effects on Sarda dairy ewes. The first chapter reviewed the effects of gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms on the health status and welfare of small ruminants and the strategies to control nematode infestations. Moreover, the anthelmintic properties of the plant extracts are illustrated. The second chapter reported the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Ruta chalepensis L. extracts and of selected phytochemicals against gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms of sheep. Especially, Ruta chalepensis L. methanol extract and 2-undecanone showed the highest nematicidal activity with an EC50/96h= 0.10 mg/mL and EC50/24h= 0.88 mg/mL, respectively. The data revealed in vitro dose-dependent anthelmintic activity. In the third chapter we reported the experiment where increasing doses of furfural and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde were orally administered to Sarda dairy ewes. These phytochemicals and their metabolites were not detected in milk, urine and faecal samples. Moreover, the ewe blood parameters were within the normal range. In the fourth chapter we reported that a single oral dose of furfural, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-undecanone and albendazole was administered in sheep. The compounds and their metabolites were not detected in milk with the exception of albendazole sulfoxide a known metabolite of albendazole. Therefore, no negative effects were observed in animals treated with these compounds. With regard to anthelmintic activity, the furfural, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-undecanone groups showed the lowest activity if compared with albendazole. In the future, we will optimise the dosage and the mode of action of furfural, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-undecanone
Prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> spp and <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> in slaughtered pigs: molecular typing, virulence profile and antimicrobial resistance
No full textThe prevalence and the sources of Salmonella enterica and Yersinia enterocolitica at slaughterhouse in Sardinia were investigated and the isolates characterized. Salmonella was isolated from colon content (15%), lymph nodes and liver (12.7%) and carcass surface (11%). 28 pigs were Salmonella carriers in lymph nodes and/or colon content and 10 were also positive at carcass level. 69 Salmonella strains were isolated and 7 serovars identified, the most common being Anatum (41%), Rissen, Derby (19.0%), 1,4,[5],12:i:-: (15.9%). N.33 Salmonella strains were found to be resistant to more than one antimicrobial. PFGE permitted the resolution of XbaI macrorestriction fragments of Salmonella strains in 11 pulsetypes.
Y. enterocolitica contamination level detected with cultural method in tonsils (3.8x103CFU/g) represents a possible risk for carcasses and fresh pork meat. The most common Y. enterocolitica bioserotype was 4/O:3 (68.8%). The most common virulence-associated gene in 4/O:3 isolates was the ysta (97.0%,), followed by ail (84.8%) and inv (78.8%,). PFGE performed on Y. enterocolitica strains using the NotI enzyme, yelded 7 different PFGE patterns. To reduce Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica prevalence some preventive measures should be encouraged: the identification of origin of infected slaughtered animals should be performed, and the direct and cross-contamination of carcasses avoided according to HACCP principles in association with good hygiene procedures (GHP)
Vita in città di A.: l'abitare dell'anziano oltre una progettazione "a isola": sicurezza, inclusività, orientamento
Get PDFThis research project explores an interdisciplinary framework which includes urbanization; increasing growth of older people and neurodegenerative illness as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); United Nation and European Union policies on Active and Healthy Ageing and Ageing in Place; the thinking of philosophers and architectural theorists about inhabitation phenomenology ; medicine and neuroscience studies on the human knowledge process.
Under investigation are the architectural and urban forms designed to improve urban accessibility for people with mild cognitive impairment or early stage of AD, in Europe since 1960.
The following work starts from the assumption that past and contemporary proposals about living for older people with AD reflect segregation patterns, are limited to the residential field and that safety and security are their primary requirements.
The main purpose is to ensure the access and the right to the city improving the walk-ability, as mobility is considered an essential condition to avoid social exclusion. Specifically, the project aims to find some patterns of urban and spatial syntax which allow old people with AD to go out, get around in their city and go back home easily and without get lost.
Finally, this study identifies the person suffering from AD as an ideal subject for planning urban public spaces
Servizio sociale di comunità e devianza: prospettive interpretative e possibilità di intervento
No full textThe observation of the phenomenon of the deviance in the community of Orgosolo and the contextual need to seek suitable answers in a complex system that comes from the community for the community, are the premises from which arose the "need" to research.
The use of a community approach seems to be functional to the complexity of the phenomenon of deviance in the community of Orgosolo, in which considerable cultural, historical, and social aspects are woven together.
The method found is the RICERCAZIONE, that also represents the "natural" methodology of the method of social work of community, that allows to know and to find solutions in a context that activates the different involved actors: social and institutional.
The social subjects, the citizens of Orgosolo, are called inside this research personally to define, through their perception, the outlines of the phenomenon itself.
The engagement of the institutional actors in a shared educational action on the approach of community represents the conclusion of a process designed to the reflection on the phenomenon of the deviance and directed to the co-construction of integrated interventions.</br
Ruolo dei geni <i>Yes associated Protein</i> (Yap) e <i>Connective Tissue Growth Factor</i> (CTGF) nella progressione della cancerogenesi epatica
No full textAim: The aim of this project is to contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies based on early detection of tumour markers. We study Yes-associated protein (YAP) and Connective tissue growth factor
(CTGF) molecules involved in the progression of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
YAP is a transcriptional co-activator of gene expression. Recent studies have shown that YAP is phosphorylated and inhibited by the Hippo tumour suppressor pathway. CTGF is a target of YAP. We investigated
in rat liver preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions the expression of YAP and of CTGF and their contribution to lesions progression.
Methods: We prepared from Fisher (F344) and Brown Norway (BN) rats, susceptible and resistant to HCC development respectively, initiated liver (Fi, 6 weeks after initiation), early low-grade dysplastic nodules (12
weeks), dysplastic nodules (mostly low-grade of dysplasia in BN and high-grade of dysplasia in F344 rats; 32 weeks) and HCCs (57-60 weeks). CTGF and YAP expressions have been evaluated by qReal time PCR and IHC.
Results: qReal time PCR shows YAP higher expression in HCC with respect to the control, in both rat strains. YAP and CTGF expression is highest in early Fi of F344 rats compared to controls and they remain higher, particularly in F344 rats, during progression to more malignant stages. IHC shows YAP accumulation in the cytoplasm but not in the nuclei of actively proliferating preneoplastic liver, while YAP accumulates in nuclei of neosplastic hepatocytes.
Conclusion: YAP accumulates in cytoplasm of early preneoplastic in F344 rats lesions and its expression reaches F344 lesions values only in HCC of BN rats.
qRT PCR shows overexpression of YAP in earlier lesions of F344 rats and in later lesions of both rat strains. CTGF is highest 4 weeks after initiation, and only in HCC of BN strain.
CTGF and YAP could be used as a tumoral therapeutic markers of HCC
An 18S and 28S-based clock calibration for marine Proseriata (Platyhelminthes)
No full textGeminate species are a powerful tool for calibrating the molecular clock in marine organisms, and their adoption is mandatory for soft-bodied taxa, which lack fossil records. The first attempt to calibrate the molecular clock in taxa belonging to meiofaunal microturbellaria (Platyhelminthes: Proseriata) based on geminate species is presented here. We used two species pairs from both sides of the Isthmus of Panama: Minona gemella (Caribbean) and Minona cf gemella (Pacific); Parotoplana sp. nov. 1 (Caribbean) and Parotoplana sp. nov. 2 (Pacific). The mutation rates per million years were estimated for both geminate species pairs on two ribosomal regions, the complete nuclear small subunit rDNA (18S) gene and the partial nuclear large subunit rDNA (28S) gene fragment (spanning variable domains D1–D6). Similar values of mutation rates per million years were found in both species pairs, ranging 0.12–0.16% for 18S and 0.49–0.52% for 28S. The values obtained were used as calibration points at minimum age, in order to estimate the divergence times within the phylogenetic tree of the whole dataset, and tested on three cases of trans-American (not-geminate) species from Pacific Panama and S-E Brazil, belonging to the genera Kata, Archimonocelis and Duplominona. They consistently showed higher divergence times (ranging 9.4–17.9 Myr) than geminate, trans-isthmian pairs. These results suggest potential usefulness of our molecular clock calibration, for future research on phylogeography and evolution of Proseriata
Effects of grape seed supplementation, alone or associatedwith linseed, on ruminal metabolism in Sarda dairy sheep
No full textGrape seed is a by-product of the winery and distillery industry which could be used inanimal nutrition. To test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with this by-productcan decrease the biohydrogenation (BH) of healthy fatty acids (FA), the present study evalu-ated the effects of grape seed supplementation, alone or combined with linseed, on ruminalBH processes in dairy sheep. In this 60-d trial, 24 lactating Sarda dairy ewes were assignedto four homogeneous groups and fed as follows: (1) control diet (CON), (2) a diet supple-mented with 300 g/d per head of grape seed (GS), (3) a diet supplemented with 220 g/d perhead of extruded linseed (LIN), (4) and a diet supplemented with a mix of both grape seedand linseed (300 and 220 g/d per head, respectively) (MIX). Ammonia, pH, volatile fattyacids (VFA) and FA composition were determined in rumen liquor at three sampling dates(20, 40 and 60 d). Rumen pH was not influenced by diet (P>0.05). The ammonia content wasincreased (P<0.05) in GS and MIX compared with LIN and CON. The molar proportions ofacetate and propionate and their ratio were not affected by the diet (P>0.05), whereas themolar proportion of butyrate was the lowest in MIX. Rumenic acid (RA; CLA cis-9,trans-11)concentration increased in GS compared with CON (0.78 vs. 0.45 mg/100 mg FA; P<0.05),whereas the percentage of vaccenic acid (VA; C18:1 trans-11) tended to increase (P<0.10)in GS compared with CON. The concentration of VA was higher in MIX than in CON (8.18 vs.3.77 mg/100 mg FA; P<0.05), whereas RA did not differ between the same groups. The con-centration of linoleic acid (LA; C18:2 n–6) decreased and stearic acid (SA; C18:0) increasedin all supplemented groups, whereas linolenic acid (LNA; C18:3 n–3) decreased in the twogroups receiving grape seed compared with CON and LIN. The concentration of total odd-and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) decreased in all supplemented groups comparedwith CON (P<0.05), evidencing that grape seed and linseed supplementation influencedthe ruminal BH processes. Grape seed was able to increase the accumulation of RA whensupplemented alone, and of VA when combined with linseed; however, the rumen accumu-lation of SA in both groups supplemented with grape seed evidenced that this by-productwas not effective in decreasing the BH of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)