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Dalla dispersione scolastica alla promozione del benessere nella scuola: primo monitoraggio di un intervento di formazione tra pari
No full textThe research project focuses on early school-leaving and well-being promotion in school environment through peer intervention training.
It provides a theoretical framework of early school-leaving by showing the difficulties encountered in the literature (Morrow, 1986; Besozzi, 1993; Morgagni, 1998; Liverta Sempio, 1999; Colombo, 2010) to attribute unambiguous definitions.
Through a historical overview from the nineties up to now, we retrace the main steps that have led to the evolution of the issue and the policies adopted, nationally and internationally, to face it.
The work takes the form of an action-research carried out in the school year 2014/2015 in the middle school’s first grade classes at the Comprehensive Institut Li Punti in Sassari (Italy).
Starting from the representations of teachers, parents and students, we try to create, facilitate and observe a process of improvement through a training program, addressed to teachers and pupils. It is inspired by the model of the Life skills (WHO, 1993; Boda, 2001; Boda, Mosiello, 2005; Patrizi Bussu, 2010; Bussu, 2011) through the use of peer education (Boda, 2001; D'Angiò, Recco, Cinquegrana, 2006; Franzese, 2009) and the peace circle (Boyes-Watson, 2005; Pranis,2005; Boyes-Watson, Pranis, 2015), as a restorative practice aimed at creating a positive environment.
The research methodology is mix-method. The instruments used are: interviews, focus groups, observation and questionnaires
Studio anatomico dei rapporti neurovascolari delle perforanti dell’arteria tibiale posteriore: applicazioni alla chirurgia ricostruttiva dell’arto inferiore
No full textPurpose: the aim of this dissection study is to evaluate the anatomic localization of the most distal perforator of the posterior tibial vessels and to study its relationships with saphenous nerve and saphena magna vein to provide an anatomical rationale for the safe harvesting of distal leg flaps.
In order to do so, we have developed a new contrast agent for comparative CT and dissection studies of the vascularisation of cadaveric specimens.
Methods: The material was an epoxy resin especially with the addition of barium sulfate. Once our injection protocol was validated, we identified the most distal perforator from posterior tibial perforator artery in 36 lower limbs from 18 cadavers; its relationships with saphenous nerve and saphena magna vein were analysed.
Results: There was a perfect correspondence between image studies and dissections. A distal posterior tibial artery perforator was found in all specimens, the distance between the lowest perforator and the medial malleolus ranged from 3.5 to 8.2 cm. Its branches formed a plexus around saphena magna vein before vascularizing the skin. We found also many anastomoses with the perineural plexus of saphenous nerve but not relevant cutaneous branches originating from it.
Conclusions: the new contrast agent proposed may help realising detailed vascular studies comparing CT and dissection. Our data suggest some safety parameters to make the rising of a medial leg flap safer in surgical practice
Geografia epigrafica delle aree interne della <i>Provincia Sardinia</i>
No full textQuesto lavoro cerca di tratteggiare il dinamico processo di acculturazione della cosiddetta Barbaria sarda in età romana, tra la Repubblica e l'Alto Impero, rianalizzando una selezione di iscrizioni latine rinvenute nella Sardegna centrale e databili tra II secolo a.C. e inizi del IV secolo d.C.; destinato a studenti e studiosi che vogliano approfondire questa tematica, il lavoro delinea tempi e modi del complesso rapporto fra Sardi delle aree interne e della costa e immigrati italici, offrendo alcune chiavi di lettura che costituiscono un ulteriore contributo alla definizione di una società sardo-romana sincretica e lontana dagli stereotipi della "resistenza" e della "passiva romanizzazione" della Barbagia
Nuovi fitofagi degli eucalipti e impatto sulla produzione mellifera in Sardegna
No full textGli eucalipti sono un genere di piante sempreverdi originarie dell’Oceania e appartenenti alla famiglia delle Myrtacee. Per il loro elevato potenziale nettarifero e pollinifero, costituiscono una delle più importanti risorse di interesse apistico in ambito mediterraneo e a livello mondiale. In particolare, la specie E. camaldulensis, introdotta in Sardegna agli inizi del secolo scorso, caratterizza ormai alcuni paesaggi agricoli delle zone costiere e di pianura, dove è stato utilizzato originariamente come frangivento e per le opere di bonifica
idraulica delle zone paludose. La superficie complessiva attualmente, non considerando i filari e gli impianti inferiori all’ettaro, ammonta a circa 22.000 ha. A partire dal 1969 sono stati segnalati i primi fitofagi (Phoracantha spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)) senza
particolari ripercussioni negative. In anni recenti (2010-2015) il quadro fitosanitario si è notevolmente aggravato con l’introduzione e la diffusione dei rincoti Glycaspis brimblecombei e Thaumastocoris peregrinus. Nel corso del 2013-2015, le popolazioni di
tali fitomizi sono state monitorate, soprattutto in seguito all’allarme lanciato dagli apicoltori per il mancato o ridotto ottenimento del miele di eucalipto, che rappresenta circa il 50% dell’intera produzione regionale. L’indagine è stata condotta su tutto il territorio regionale, in 12 siti di campionamento
A New approach to discriminate <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. plants with antioxidant activity, based on HPTLC fingerprint and targeted phenolic analysis combined with PCA
No full textA new combined “untargeted” and “targeted” metabolomics approach to investigate Rosmarinus officinalis L. plants was proposed by using the merging of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) assay and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) with principal component analysis (PCA). Rapid fingerprints of Rosmarinus extracts were obtained and compared by using HPTLC technique; targeted compounds were identified and quantified by LC–MS/MS (MRM), while the antioxidant capacity of extracts was evaluated by methods based on the ability to scavenge radicals such as ABTS+* and DPPH*, since the metabolite expression is generally correlated with the biological activity. By HPTLC fingerprints, a rapid visual comparison of secondary metabolites in Rosmarinus samples from different places of collection was obtained and PCA was performed providing an overview of the capacity of the HPTLC variables to discriminate samples. HPTLC fingerprint assisted by PCA results a reliable untargeted approach for the discrimination and classification of different samples on the basis of their geographical area, from west to east of Sardinia. The ‘targeted’ approach was performed by developing LC–MS/MS (MRM) method allowing the identification and quantification of 12 compounds belonging to the family of flavonoids and phenolic acids. The combination of quantitative data with PCA allowed to discriminate La Maddalena Rosmarinus sample from others, in a correlated way with antioxidant activities results, showing values significantly higher. A positive Pearson correlation between antioxidant activity measured with DPPH and ABTS and total phenolic contents, finally confirmed that antioxidant activity depends on phenolic amounts
Influence of iron-rich water treatment residues and compost on the mobility of metal(loid)s in mine soils
No full textTwo different amendments, an iron-rich water treatment residue (Fe-WTR), a municipal solid waste compost (MSW-C) and their combination (Fe-WTR + MSW-C) were added at different rates (from 2 to 4% w/w) to three mining soils (S1, S2, S3) mainly polluted with As (from 371 to 22,661 mg·kg− 1 d.w.) and different co-occurring trace metals (i.e. Pb, Zn and Cu) to evaluate their effectiveness as metal(loid)s-immobilizing agents. After four months of soil-amendment contact, sequential extractions revealed that MSW-C and Fe-WTR induced an increase of the residual As (non-extractable) fraction. Compost was the most effective amendment at increasing the residual As in treated soils (e.g. + 16% in S1-MSW-C with respect to untreated S1), although its addition increased at the same time the exchangeable and water-soluble As fraction and the extractability of Pb, Zn and Cu, especially in S1-MSW-C. Leaching experiments highlighted a similar trend, with the highest cumulative fraction of As leached recorded in S1 and S2 soils amended with MSW-C (3.8 and 1.4-fold higher than respective controls), and the lowest recorded in S1 and S2 soils amended with Fe-WTR (1.2 and 1.8-fold lower than respective controls). On the other hand, Fe-WTR and Fe-WTR + MSW-C were the most effective at reducing the total cumulative concentration of metal (Pb, Zn and Cu) in soil leachate. The results of this study show that the amendments considered influenced with a different extent metal(loid)s mobility, and this was depending on soil and amendment characteristics, as well as the type and amount of contamination
The Chondropaties: study of antagonism between growth factors and reactive oxygen species; clinical applications in the early stage of chondral lesions
No full textOxidative stress is one of the risk factors for chondropathies. Deterioration of the cell functions due to oxidative stress has been found to be the initial stage changes involving disruption of the cartilage homeostasis. Eventually these changes progress to the final stage of osteoarthritis involving series of catabolic damage mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, aggrecanases and cell death. Our study investigated the role of fluid, isolated from post operation knee drainage (emartri), of patients who underwent prosthesis replacement surgery, against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) - induced oxidative stress on normal human articular chondrocytes (HCa). HCa were pre-treated with emartri and then exposed to H2O2 to mimic oxidative stress. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by using the molecular probe H2DCFDA; intracellular oxidative status in both the cytoplasm and mitochondrial compartment was measured by using HCa infected with lentiviral particle harbouring the redox sensing green fluorescent protein (roGFP); cell proliferation was determined by measuring the rate of DNA synthesis with BrdU incorporation. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione levels from the cell lysates were measured. Haematic sera from the same patient, obtained post-operation, were included in our study to compare and evaluate the response given by the two types of sera. Our study showed that emartri is able to overcome the H2O2 - elicited oxidative stress by decreasing the intracellular ROS levels, maintaining both cytoplasm and mitochondria in a reduced status, inhibiting the cell death due to oxidative stress and up-regulating the antioxidant defence system in chondrocytes. Emartri is assumed to be an important source of growth factors and anti-inflammatory substances that are attracted to the site of surgery. Our results support and propose an important effect of emartri-contained substances in maintaining HCa functions by mediating the up-regulation of the anti-oxidative system and protect cells from oxidative stress. We hypothesized that emartri could be used as an autologous treatment for patients in the early stage undergoing an operation of positioning of the prosthesis, with chondropathies and/or arthrosis or a developing osteoarthritis in the initial stage in the same or other locations in the body
Studio di un nuovo algoritmo diagnostico per l’identificazione dei micobatteri non tubercolari (NTM)
No full textNTM (Non tuberculous mycobacteria) count more than 160 species, widely dispersed in the environment as saprophites, but they can cause severe infections in human. The identification of NTM to the species level is extremely important to determine whether it is or not a NTM infection and the proper treatment. Therefore, many techniques have been developed for the accurate and rapid identification of NTM, among which PCR-RFLPs (PRAs) are easy, rapid and inexpensive tools for identifying mycobacterial species.
The aim of this work was to realise a new PCR-RFLP technique with a high discriminatory power, cost effective, easy to be performed and able to overcome the limits of those used nowadays, using a new target, called dnaK, described as a powerful potential target for the identification of NTM.
30 mycobacterial species were used to develop a novel algorithm targeting locus dnaK and using restriction enzymes Fau I and BstMW I, which was successfully blind tested on 45 clinical micobacterial isolates that had been already identified to the species level with other techniques. Moreover, dnaK-PRA was tested on 40 clinical samples whose cultures were positive for mycobacteria and correctly detect and identified mycobacterial species in up to 82% of them.
The results obtained showed that dnak-PRA is a reliable tool for the identification of mycobacterial isolates to the species level and can be helpful to detect and identify mycobacteria directly from clinical samples
Unicità della persona, integrazione dei servizi, interventi sconcertanti: un'analisi empirica sugli esiti inattesi dell'aiuto professionale dell'assistente sociale
No full textThis thesis seeks to find out what leads to disoriented and irrational behaviour by the subjects of a social worker. Sometimes conventional solutions to tackle the problem may not give the expected results but may however, lead to unintentional detrimental consequences, (defined as "disconcerting interventions"). In other words, interventions which have led a person to become confused, with emotional and irrational effects; and a subject who is unable to understand the situation correctly.
Through the analysis of ten case studies, issues such as the level of integration of services and consultation; the circular relationship between cause and effect; case management; and care and documentation of the evaluation phase are evident. They may be related to the risk of disconcerting interventions, especially in the presence of families with multiple and complex needs. However, professionals should not avoid creating opportunities to address situations since they have limitless potential, autonomy and the capability to make choices
Da Salvadori a Joyce Lussu
No full textThe main aim of the research has been to gain a better knowledge of Joyce Lussu, a woman whose life intertwined with some of the most important events in contemporary history.
The thesis pays special attention to the social and political commitment of the author, through a reading of her – very sui generis – autobiographical writings. These writings are a window into her thinking – a thinking shaped by experience gained during one of the most dramatic periods of the twentieth century. Animated by an invincible amor vitae, Joyce Lussu believed in the redemption of humanity.
This work is also the result of careful research in little-known archives, and offers multiple readings of a wealth of papers by Joyce Lussu, from those of her youth (many of them unpublished) to those of her best-known period. In this way, the research focuses on topics such as poetry and translation, the different facets of absolutism (from religious precepts to the supremacy of men over women), ecology, consciousness and freedom.
For Joyce Lussu, exile was an experience that spurred her into action. Being detached from one’s mother country might lead to an abyss; however, it can also make room for new relationships, new stories, unexpected opportunities. Exile is, therefore, an ambivalent state: destructive and negative on the one hand, creative and productive on the other