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Dietary intake and lifestyle behaviour in different phenotypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case�control study
No full textBackground: The present study aimed to compare dietary intake and lifestyle behaviour in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and healthy women. Methods: One hundred and sixty healthy women (partner with male infertility) were recruited to a control group; 168 women with PCOS (diagnosed on ultrasound) were recruited to a case study group for this cross-sectional comparative study. The case group was classified into three phenotypes based on the presence or absence of menstrual disorder (M), hyperandrogenism (HA) and polycystic ovary according to sonography (PCO): HA+PCO (n = 53), PCO+M (n = 57) and M+HA+PCO (n = 66). Dietary intake and lifestyle behaviour were measured using a food frequency questionnaire and a lifestyle questionnaire. Results: The mean energy (P < 0.001) and fat (P < 0.001) intakes were greater in PCOS groups compared to the control group. The average energy and fat intakes were greater in HA+M+PCO group after age and body mass index (BMI) adjustment compared to the other phenotypes (P < 0.001). In comparison with the control group, lifestyle scores were lower in the PCOS group in the fields of physical activity, weight and nutrition control after age and BMI adjustment (P < 0.001). The average score of lifestyle in the fields of physical activity, weight and nutrition control, and psychological health was lower in the phenotype HA+M+PCO compared to the other phenotypes (P < 0.001). Conclusions: A limited energy and fat intake is strongly recommended in Iranian women with PCOS, especially for phenotype HA+M+PCO. Consultation with respect to improvement of psychological health and the importance of weight and nutrition control, as well as appropriate physical activity, is advocated, especially in patients with phenotype HA+M+PCO. © 2019 The British Dietetic Association Ltd
Assessing the magnetic, cytotoxic and photocatalytic influence of incorporating Yb 3+ or Pr 3+ ions in cobalt�nickel ferrite
No full textYb 3+ - and Pr 3+ -substituted cobalt�nickel ferrite nanoparticles were prepared through a sol�gel auto-combustion procedure and the effects on the cytotoxic, photocatalytic and magnetic characteristics of the resulting compounds were evaluated. As an initial step, the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the produced particles were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), UV�visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL), and vibrating sample magnetometery (VSM) techniques. The crystalline size and nanoparticles size of prepared nanostructures was in the range of 100�180 and 90�220 nm based on XRD and SEM results. Using the XRD results it was found that the product had a spinel cobalt�nickel ferrite phase structure, also containing some PrFeO 3 and YbFeO 3 phases as impurities. VSM results exhibited that Co 0.5 Ni 0.5 Pr 0.1 Fe 1.9 O 4 has higher magnetic parameters than Co 0.5 Ni 0.5 Yb 0.1 Fe 1.9 O 4 , yet but the latter enjoys enhanced photocatalytic activity in degrading methyl orange (MO) under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Diabetic hemodialysis: Vitamin D supplementation and its related signaling pathways involved in insulin and lipid metabolism
No full textBackground: This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on some of the gene expressions related to insulin and lipid metabolism in diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in 55 patients with diabetic HD. The current project used two groups in which each subject received vitamin D supplements (50,000 IU, n=28) or placebo (50,000 IU, n=27) every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Gene expression analyses (RT-PCR) were included to obtain the rate of gene expression of the related insulin and lipid metabolism genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with diabetic HD. Results: Our data revealed that consumption of vitamin D supplementation enables to overexpress the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (P=0.001), AKT (P=0.04), PI3K (P=0.02), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) (P0.008) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) (P=0.01) and downregulate the expression of protein kinase C (PKC) (P=0.001) in patients with diabetic HD than control group following the 12-week intervention. In addition, vitamin D supplementation downregulated low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) (P=0.03) expression in the subjects with diabetic HD than the control group. Vitamin D supplementation did not show any effects on the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) (P=0.37), IRS2 (P=0.90) and lipoprotein (a) Lp(a) (P=0.05). Conclusion: Our findings confirmed that diabetic HD subjects who received the vitamin D supplementation (for 12 weeks), showed a significant overexpression in the PPAR-γ, AKT, PI3K, IRS1 and GLUT4 genes, and also showed a significant downregulation in the PKC and LDLR genes. Moreover, no effects on PDK1, IRS2 and Lp(a) expression were observed. © 2019 Bentham Science Publishers
Risky Behaviors and Sensation-Seeking in Adolescence: A Descriptive Correlational Study
No full textRisky behaviors are common in developing countries, especially in adolescence. Moreover, sensation seeking is an important factor in personality. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between risky behaviors and sensation-seeking in a sample of Iranian adolescents. This study used a cross-sectional method with 400 high school adolescents (age between 15 and 21 years old) in Kashan city from multistage random sampling. The research instrument consisted of three parts: a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) and the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale-V (SSS-V). Data analysis was performed using the t-test, ANOVA, chi-square, regression and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS v 11.5. Risky behaviors were found in 51.2 of students, and a significant difference was found between the male and female students in this regard (p <.021). The overall sensation-seeking score and the scores in the dimensions of experience seeking, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility were higher in males than females (p <.0001). All dimensions of sensation-seeking other than disinhibition dimension could significantly predict risky behavior. Sensation seeking can be used as an indicator for screening risky behaviors. Detailed planning on the part of the health care system and public authorities is recommended for appropriate screening and counseling adolescents with risky behaviors. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis
The place of the modified palmer technique for articular calcaneal fractures
Get PDFSurgical treatment of displaced articular fractures of the calcaneus is currently recommended by most authors. Different surgical procedures are described in literature. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional and anatomic results of articular fractures of the calcaneus surgically treated with the modified Palmer method and precise the place, the conditions, and the advantages of this technique for articular fractures of the calcaneus. This is a retrospective study assessing the outcomes of surgical treatment of articular calcaneal fractures surgically treated using the modified Palmer technique. Twenty-two patients underwent this surgery for 6 years. All patients have diabetes and/or smoking history, and physical examination revealed a severe swelling within the hindfoot. Sanders classification Type II was found in 6 cases, whereas 18 cases fell below Type III. The mean preoperative Bohler angle was about 2.7°. An extended lateral approach was performed, and the void caused by elevating the intra-articular surface was filled by an iliac crest graft firmly impacted in all cases. Additional limited fixation was performed in 71 of patients. On follow-up, the functional and anatomic results were analyzed, respectively, by Kitaoka and Babin's quotations, and the radiological assessment was based on Bohler angle. No cutaneous or infectious complications were observed after surgery. The mean postoperative Bohler angle was 21.9°, and it was 19.8° at the last follow-up with a significant difference. At follow-up, the mean functional Kitaoka score was 75; it was considered as excellent in four cases, good in ten, fair in eight, and poor in two patients. The modified Palmer technique is a simple surgical procedure to treat intra-articular calcaneal fractures. It provides encouraging results. This method is recommended in the case of Sander's II and III calcaneal fracture for patients with a high risk of cutaneous complications to avoid infection and cutaneous complications
Investigating Self-Reported Violations of the Drivers of Bandar Abbas City and Its Relation with Their Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Traffic Regulations
Get PDFObjectives: Road traffic accidents are much higher than the global average in Iran. Since the main cause of road traffic accidents is attributed to driver's risky behaviors, the aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and violation of drivers toward traffic regulations in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Methods: The study was carried out among 562 drivers in Bandar Abbas using cluster sampling method. The data were collected through a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire that had four sections including items assessing the demographic, knowledge, attitude, and violation of drivers toward traffic regulations. Results: The mean score for drivers' knowledge, attitude, and violations were estimated to be 8.71 ± 2.5, 42.4 ± 7.6, and 56.7 ± 11.8, respectively. Drivers' knowledge and attitude levels were low; only 11.4 of men and 9 of women had good knowledge. The use of mobile phone (74.6) and drunk driving (9.4) were reported as the most frequent and the least frequent driving behaviors, respectively. There was a significant relationship between knowledge with attitude, knowledge with violations, and attitude with violations (P P Conclusions: It is recommended to reduce driving violations by implementing targeted and comprehensive plans to raising the level of knowledge and attitude of drivers toward driving regulations
Adjuvant chemotherapy with melatonin for targeting human cancers: A review
Get PDFMelatonin is a multifunctional hormone that has long been known for its antitumoral effects. An advantage of the application of melatonin in cancer therapy is its ability to differentially influence tumors from normal cells. In this review, the roles of melatonin adjuvant therapy in human cancer are discussed. Combination of melatonin with chemotherapy could provide synergistic antitumoral outcomes and resolve drug resistance in affected patients. This combination reduces the dosage for chemotherapeutic agents with the subsequent attenuation of side effects related to these drugs on normal cells around tumor and on healthy organs. The combination therapy increases the rate of survival and improves the quality of life in affected patients. Cancer cell viability is reduced after application of the combinational melatonin therapy. Melatonin does all these functions by adjusting the signals involved in cancer progression, re-establishing the dark/light circadian rhythm, and disrupting the redox system for cancer cells. To achieve effective therapeutic outcomes, melatonin concentration along with the time of incubation for this indoleamine needs to be adjusted. Importantly, a special focus is required to be made on choosing an appropriate chemotherapy agent for using in combination with melatonin. Because of different sensitivities of cancer cells for melatonin combination therapy, cancer-specific targeted therapy is also needed to be considered. For this review, the PubMed database was searched for relevant articles based on the quality of journals, the novelty of articles published by the journals, and the number of citations per year focusing only on human cancers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Assessment of Relationship Between Expression of Survivin Protein and Histopathology Diagnosis and Malignancy Severity in Colon Specimen
Get PDFBackground: Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of an apoptosis protein family that has been shown to inhibit apoptosis, promote cell proliferation and enhance angiogenesis. In this study, the survivin protein expression in normal, colon polyp, and adenocarcinoma tissues was investigated. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for nuclear survivin was carried out on 45 normal colon tissue samples, 38 samples of a colonic polyp, and 37 cases of colon adenocarcinoma operated by colonoscopy or colectomy. The percentages of cells that expressed survivin were classified qualitatively into four categories (0, 1+, 2+, and 3+) based on the intensity of staining and the percentage of cells. An area of samples with colon polyp diagnosis or colon adenocarcinoma that had no microscopic pathology was considered as normal tissues. Results: Survivin protein expression was negative in all cases of normal colon tissue samples while it was expressed in 31 out of 38 colon polyp specimens (81.5) and in 35 out of 37 (94.5) colon adenocarcinoma samples. Amount of expression in the colon adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001) was significantly higher than the amount of expression in the colon polyp. There was not a significant correlation between the survivin protein expression and the low and high grade adenocarcinoma (p = 0.874). Conclusions: Survivin protein was not expressed in normal colon tissues and its amount was higher in the colonic adenocarcinoma compared to the colon polyp. Due to the variations in the intensity of expression in colon polyp (changing from negative to + 3), this marker cannot be used for differentiating the polyp from the adenocarcinoma. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Effects of folate supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in carbamazepine-treated epileptic children
No full textBackground: This study was conducted to assess the effects of folate supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in carbamazepine-treated epileptic children. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in 54 epileptic children aged 2-12 years old receiving carbamazepine monotherapy. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 5 mg folate supplements or placebo (n = 27 in each group) for 12 weeks. Results: After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, folate supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in plasma homocysteine (Hcy) (changes from baseline - 2.1 ± 2.5 vs. +0.1 ± 0.4 μmol/L, P < 0.001), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (changes from baseline - 1.5 ± 3.5 vs. +0.4 ± 1.4 mg/L, P = 0.01), a significant increase in plasma nitric oxide (NO) (changes from baseline + 1.9 ± 5.8 vs. -2.0 ± 6.4 μmol/L, P = 0.02), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations (changes from baseline + 88.6 ± 116.0 vs. +1.8 ± 77.4 mmol/L, P = 0.002). We did not observe any significant effects in mean levels of left and right CIMT, maximum levels of left and right CIMT, and total glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels following the supplementation of folate compared with the placebo. Conclusions: Overall, folate supplementation at a dosage of 5 mg/day for 12 weeks among epileptic children receiving carbamazepine had beneficial effects on Hcy, hs-CRP, NO, and TAC levels, but did not affect CIMT, and GSH and MDA levels. © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved
Molecular aspects of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction: Oxidative stress, microRNA, and long noncoding RNA
No full textMetabolic syndrome is known as a frequent precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This disease could affect 8 of the people worldwide. Given that pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and loss have central roles in the initiation and progression of the disease, the understanding of cellular and molecular pathways associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction can provide more information about the underlying pathways involved in T2D. Multiple lines evidence indicated that oxidative stress, microRNA, and long noncoding RNA play significant roles in various steps of diseases. Oxidative stress is one of the important factors involved in T2D pathogenesis. This could affect the function and survival of the β cell via activation or inhibition of several processes and targets, such as receptor-signal transduction, enzyme activity, gene expression, ion channel transport, and apoptosis. Besides oxidative stress, microRNAs and noncoding RNAs have emerged as epigenetic regulators that could affect pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. These molecules exert their effects via targeting a variety of cellular and molecular pathways involved in T2D pathogenesis. Here, we summarized the molecular aspects of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Moreover, we highlighted the roles of oxidative stress, microRNAs, and noncoding RNAs in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc