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Protective effects of curcumin on diabetic nephropathy via attenuation of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) expression and alleviation of oxidative stress in rats with type 1 diabetes
Get PDFObjective(s): One of the serious complications of Type1 diabetes (T1D) is diabetic nephropathy, which is accompanied with overexpression of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL) and enhanced oxidative stress. The present study was conducted to examine the protective effect of curcumin on the expression of KIM-1, NGAL genes and oxidative damage in the kidney of T1D rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into 6 groups (n=6). The control and T1D groups received treatment with curcumin or without it (80 and 130 mg/kg, respectively). After 60 days of treatment, using spectrophotometric methods, biochemical factors and oxidative stress markers were measured. Gene expression of KIM-1 and NGAL was evaluated using quantitative PCR. Also, plasma and urine levels of these two proteins were assayed by the ELISA kit. Results: Diabetes caused a significant increase in the levels of creatinine, FBS, uric acid, urea, and creatinine in the serum, which were attenuated after the administration of curcumin. There was a significant reduction in the values of creatinine, uric acid, and urea in urine in the diabetic group whereas in the rats treated with curcumin, these values were normalized to the normal level (especially in 130 mg/kg). Curcumin administration had a significant role in modulation of serum lipid profile, and it was shown to decrease the kidney and urinary expression levels of KIM-1 and NGAL genes and improve oxidative toxic stress in the kidney tissues. Conclusion: Curcumin can play a protective role in reducing the unpleasant consequences of diabetic nephropathy. © 2019, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
The effects of epinephrine, as a supplement for epidural and spinal anesthesia, on the duration of analgesia during childbirth and Apgar Score: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground:Labor pain is one of the most severe pains that woman may experience during their lifetime. Objectives:This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze studies into the effects of epinephrine on the duration of analgesia during childbirth and Apgar score. Methods:This systematic review was conducted in 2018. Data were collected through searching online databases, namely the PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, SID, Medlib, Magiran, and Iranmedex. Inclusion criteria were an interventional design, comparison of the effects of epinephrine with other modalities on the duration of analgesia and Apgar score, and publication from January 1990 to October 2018 in English or Persian in peer-reviewed journals. Meta-analysis was performed using the fixed and the random effects models with a 95 confidence interval (CI). The Q and the I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity, while the funnel plot and the Egger's test were used to evaluate the possibility of publication bias. Results: The standardized mean difference between the epinephrine and the comparison groups respecting the duration of analgesia was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.32-0.98). This difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion:Epinephrine increases the duration of analgesia without causing serious side effects
The effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on inflammatory markers among patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Get PDFThis systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to evaluate the effect of probiotic and symbiotic supplementation on inflammatory markers among patients with diabetes. Clinical trials were searched using Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science online databases for relevant trials published until April 2018. Two independent investigators evaluated study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of included clinical trials. Cochran's Q test and I-square (I 2 ) statistic were used to detect heterogeneity among the included. Data were pooled by using the random-effect model and standardized mean difference (SMD) was considered as the summary effect size. From 986 originally identified publications 18 clinical trials with a total of 1337 patients were included. Findings showed that probiotic and synbiotic supplementation among patients with diabetes significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (SMD = �2.99; 95 CI, �4.77, �1.20; P = 0.001; I 2 : 96.3), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD = �0.87; 95 CI, �1.27, �0.48; P < 0.001; I 2 : 90.2); while significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) concentrations (SMD = 1.49; 95 CI, 0.81, 2.16; P < 0.001; I 2 : 92.1). There were no effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (SMD = �0.65; 95 CI, �1.88, 0.59; P = 0.30; I 2 : 94.7). In summary, the current meta-analysis demonstrated probiotic and synbiotic supplementation among patients with diabetes significantly decreased CRP and TNF-α, and increased NO levels, but did not affect IL-6 levels. © 201
Effectiveness of the clinical teaching associate model in clinical nursing education
Get PDFBackground:Nurses need to have high levels of clinical competence for the provision of quality care to patients. The use of modern teaching methods can help nursing students develop their clinical competence. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Clinical Teaching Associate (CTA) model on clinical skills and satisfaction with clinical education among nursing students. Methods: This two-group posttest-only trial was conducted on 120 nursing students recruited through the census method from Tabriz Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz, Iran. They had just taken the oncology nursing clinical education course. Participants were randomly allocated to a control group to receive clinical education through routine teaching method and an intervention group to receive clinical education through the CTA model. At the end of the course, participants' clinical skills and satisfaction were assessed using a checklist and a questionnaire, respectively. The study data were analyzed using the measures of descriptive statistics and independent-samples t-tests. Results:The mean score of overall clinical skills in the intervention group was significantly greater than that of the control group (75.54 ± 4.24 vs. 65.46 ± 5.32; P = 0.003). Moreover, the mean score of overall satisfaction with clinical education in the intervention group was significantly greater than that of the control group (98.16 ± 1.23 vs. 84.41 ± 1.52; P < 0.001). Conclusion:This study shows the positive effects of the CTA model on nursing students' clinical skills and satisfaction. Therefore, it can be used to improve learning outcomes among nursing students
The effects of using intraoperative care documentation forms on the number of reported errors
Get PDFBackground:Reporting intraoperative errors can help reduce the incidence of more errors. However, some errors remain unreported. A key strategy to improve error reporting is quality care documentation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of using intraoperative care documentation forms on the number of reported errors. Methods: This single-group pretest-posttest interventional study was conducted on 65 operating room technicians and nurses recruited from the operating rooms of Alzahra and Kashani Teaching Hospitals, Isfahan, Iran. A researcher-made error-reporting questionnaire was used to assess the rate of reported and unreported errors both 1 week before and 2 months after the study intervention. During the study intervention, participants were asked to perform intraoperative care documentation for 2 successive months using five researcher-made intraoperative care documentation forms. Data were analyzed through the McNemar's and Wilcoxon tests and the Spearman's correlation analysis. Results:The mean score of intraoperative care documentation had a direct correlation with the number of written-reported errors (P= 0.044) and an inverse correlation with the number of unreported errors (P= 0.047). The number of written-reported errors significantly increased (P = 0.009), whereas the number of unreported errors significantly decreased after the study intervention (P = 0.017). Conclusion:Intraoperative care documentation can significantly increase the rate of error reporting. Therefore, the intraoperative care documentation forms developed in this study can be used to improve operating room staff's documentation and error-reporting practice
Cancer incidence in Iran in 2014: Results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry
Get PDFBackground: We aimed to report, for the first time, the results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (INPCR)for the year 2014. Methods: Total population of Iran in 2014 was 76,639,000. The INPCR covered 30 out of 31 provinces (98 of total population). It registered only cases diagnosed with malignant new primary tumors. The main sources for data collection included pathology center, hospitals as well as death registries. Quality assessment and analysis of data were performed by CanReg-5 software. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR)(per 100,000)were reported at national and subnational levels. Results: Overall, 112,131 new cancer cases were registered in INPCR in 2014, of which 60,469 (53.9)were male. The diagnosis of cancer was made by microscopic confirmation in 76,568 cases (68.28). The ASRs of all cancers were 177.44 and 141.18 in male and female, respectively. Cancers of the stomach (ASR = 21.24), prostate (18.41)and colorectum (16.57)were the most common cancers in men and the top three cancers in women were malignancies of breast (34.53), colorectum (11.86)and stomach (9.44). The ASR of cervix uteri cancer in women was 1.78. Our findings suggested high incidence of cancers of the esophagus, stomach and lung in North/ North West of Iran. Conclusion: Our results showed that Iran is a medium-risk area for incidence of cancers. We found differences in the most common cancers in Iran comparing to those reported for the World. Our results also suggested geographical diversities in incidence rates of cancers in different subdivisions of Iran. © 2019 Elsevier Lt
Evaluation of sperm chromatin integrity using aniline blue and toluidine blue staining in infertile and normozoospermic men
Get PDFBackground: Male infertility is defined as a man lost his ability to fertilize a fertile female naturally. Diagnosis of male infertility cannot be made just according to basic semen analysis. It is necessity to have specific tests for evaluation of chromatin integrity. In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the sperm chromatin quality in fertile men and infertile subgroup. Methods: Among 1386 couples, 342 men were categorized into normospermia and 1044 were infertile and they were referred to Yazd Research and Clinical Center for infertility treatment. Standard semen analysis and sperm nuclear maturity tests including aniline blue (AB) and toluidine blue (TB) staining were done. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The p=0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean value of TB staining was significantly higher in infertile group compared to normospermic group (p=0.005). Mean of sperm normal morphology was lower in idiopathic infertile men in comparison with normozoospermic men (p= 0.001). The highest negative correlation was obtained between sperm count and AB staining. Progressive motility was negatively correlated with AB and TB staining in both groups but there was no significant difference between AB staining and progressive motility in men normospermia group. Conclusion: Sperm chromatin staining using AB and TB showed a negative association between sperm chromatin condensation with sperm count, normal morphology and progressive motility. It seems that the AB and TB test may be useful for the assessment of male fertility potential. © 2019 Avicenna Research Institute. All rights reserved
Etiology and outcome of burns in Hamadan, Iran: A registry-based study
Get PDFBackground: Burn prevention strategies are most effective when they are based on knowledge of etiological patterns of burn injuries and considering the geographical variations and socioeconomic differences in burn epidemiology. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the etiology and outcome of burns in Hamadan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This registry-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on 798 burn patients admitted to the Besat Hospital from March 2013 to February 2018. The medical records of all the patients were extracted from hospital information system. Results: In males, the most common cause of burn was gas explosion (41.4), whereas in females, the most common cause was hot liquids (37.1). In below 5 years and 6-15 years age group, burning with hot liquids was the common cause of burn, whereas in other age groups, gas explosion was the common cause of burn. In the present study, 6.9 of the patients died because of their burns. With increasing age, the odds of death increases, so that patients between 30 and 59 years had 2.2 fold (P = 0.02) and patients 60 years had 3.5 fold (P = 0.006) higher odds of death compared to patients aged Conclusion: Findings of the present study show that males and people aged 26-40 years and children 0-5 years were at a greater risk of burns. Furthermore, this study shows that self-immolation with a high rate of case fatality should be considered as a mental health challenge, and it is necessary to design preventive strategies to reduce it
Pilates exercises and quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease
Get PDFABSTRACT
Background and purpose:
There is a need to investigate the effects of pilates exercises on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pilates exercises on the QOL of CKD patients.
Materials and methods:
For this randomized controlled clinical trial, we enrolled 50 CKD patients. The participants were randomly assigned to experimental ( n = 25) and control ( n = 25) groups. Modified classical pilates exercises were performed by the experimental group three times a week over a 12-week period. The Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF) questionnaire was completed by all participants at the beginning of the trial and two months after completion of the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using Chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test.
Results:
There were significant increases in the scores of QOL dimensions in the experimental group after the intervention (p ≤ 0.05). Comparison of the mean differences at the beginning and two months after the study in the two groups showed that the scores related to QOL dimensions in the experimental group were significantly greater than the control group ( p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion:
The findings indicated the pilates exercises can be valuable for improvement of CKD patients ’ QOL.
Keywords:
Chronic kidney diseases Pilates exercises Quality of lif