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The effects of nursing ethics education through case-based learning on moral reasoning among nursing students
Get PDFBackground: Despite their significant roles in patient care, most nursing students have limited ability to make wise ethical decisions in difficult situations. Objectives:This study aimed to examine the effects of nursing ethics education through case-based learning (CBL) on moral reasoning among nursing students. Methods:This controlled trial was conducted in 2016-017 on 73 4th year nursing students recruited from Urmia Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia, Iran. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention (n = 37) and a control (n = 36) groups. Nursing ethics education to participants in the intervention and the control groups was provided through the case-based learning and the lecture methods, respectively. Using the Nursing Dilemma Test, participants' moral reasoning was assessed both before and 1 month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the paired- and the independent-samples t and the Chi-square tests. Results:No statistically significant difference was found between the intervention and the control groups regarding the pretest mean score of moral reasoning (44.97 ± 7.50 vs. 43.64 ± 6.87;P = 0.44). However, the post test mean score of moral reasoning in the intervention group was significantly greater than the control group (49.08 ± 5.74 vs. 44.67 ± 5.87;P = 0.002). Conclusion: Nursing ethics education through CBL is an effective strategy for improving moral reasoning among nursing students. Therefore, this method is recommended for ethics education to nursing students
A review of incidence and mortality of colorectal, lung, liver, thyroid, and bladder cancers in Iran and compared to other countries
Get PDFIn Iran, a developing country in southwest Asia, an epidemiologic transition is underway from communicable to noncommunicable diseases. In Iran, cancer is the second largest group of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the third most common cause of death following heart disease, accidents and other natural phenomena. There are some studies reporting an increasing trend in the incidence and mortality rate of a variety of cancers in Iran. Therefore, controlling and preventive interventions pertaining to cancers must be a main priority for health policy and it is recommended that the high-risk population receive earlier screening. In this review, incidence and mortality of colorectal, lung, liver, thyroid, and bladder cancers in Iran are reported. © 2019 Termedia Publishing House Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Health need assessment in female adolescents, in Qom: A cross sectional study
No full textDue to the young population of Iran, a significant number of teenagers in our country and the importance of the health of adolescents, especially teenage girls who are the mothers and the future-makers of the society, we designed this study to determine the health needs of adolescent girls living in the city of Qom. METHODOLOGY: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the research population included 853 student girls in the middle and high secondary grades in the city of Qom selected and participated in the study through a randomized multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by completing the demographic information questionnaire, and the adolescent girls' health needs questionnaire. Data gathered were analyzed using SPSS software version 19 using the descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The study results showed that the scores of the adolescent girls' needs in health-related areas are as follows: health: 65.33 ± 22.08, nutrition: 52.81 ± 25.40, exercise and physical activity: 50.10 ± 30.55, social justice: 53.95 ± 23.82, counseling: 49.55 ± 34.97, school status: 52.69 ± 28.01, relationship with parents: 55.10 ± 27.44, social support: 50.64 ± 30.52, education: 51.88 ± 29.61, religious beliefs, and spirituality: 66.88 ± 20.87. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, the adolescent girls have a lot of perceived needs in various areas of health, including psychological-emotional, social, physical, educational, and beliefs areas, which have not been met. Therefore, it is recommended to plan and carry out the necessary measures to meet the needs of adolescents with their participation and relevant authorities. © 2019 Journal of Education and Health Promotion Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Degradation of sulfamethoxazole antibacterial by sono-fenton process using nano-zero valent iron: Influence factors, kinetic and toxicity bioassay
Get PDFThis study investigated the efficiency of sono-nano Fenton process in the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) antibacterial in aqueous solution. The effect of ultrasonic frequency, initial pH, the dose of nZVI, SMX concentration and hydrogen peroxide concentration are investigated. The results show that the oxidation power of Fenton system increases by ultrasonic irradiation. The optimum degradation efficiency of SMX was achieved in the condition of 1 mM H 2 O 2 , 80 kHz frequency, 1 g/L nZVI, and pH: 3 after 60 min contact with US/Fenton (about 95). Also, the degradation kinetics and toxicity test for effluent of US/nZVI/H 2 O 2 system in optimal condition were studied. It was shown that degradation of SMX could be described by a first-order kinetic model and the toxicity of treated SMX solution decreases with treatment by sono Fenton system. This study shows that US/Fenton can be used as an effective method for the treatment of polluted water and wastewater with SMX. © 2019 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved
An Iranian study of group acceptance and commitment therapy versus group cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder on an optimal dose of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
No full textConducted in Iran, participants included 69 adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who were on a stable selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) dose and were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: group acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)+SSRI, group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)+SSRI, or continued SSRI treatment. Assessment occurred at pre-, post-treatment, and three-month follow-up and included the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-8), Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ), and Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). ACT + SSRI and CBT + SSRI conditions demonstrated significant reductions in OCD severity that were maintained at follow-up compared to the continued SSRI condition. All conditions demonstrated significant reductions in depression that were maintained at follow-up. The ACT + SSRI condition demonstrated significant improvement in psychological flexibility, mindfulness, and valued living that were maintained at follow-up compared to the CBT + SSRI and continued SSRI conditions. Findings indicate that ACT + SSRI is comparably effective as CBT + SSRI at treating adolescent OCD. However, ACT + SSRI appears to differ from CBT + SSRI on changes in psychological flexibility, mindfulness, and valued living, indicating potential differences in mechanism of change. © 2019 Elsevier Inc
Prediction of sleep quality and insomnia severity by psychological disorders and acute stress among earthquake survivors in Sarpol-e Zahab, Iran, 2017
Get PDFBackground: Psychological and health outcomes of natural disasters such as earthquakes affect survivors and health services for a long time. In the present study, posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), symptoms of psychopathology, sleep quality, and insomnia disorder were investigated among survivors of earthquake occurred at the Western Iran on November 12, 2017. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 1031 adult participants from rural and urban areas of Sarpol-e Zahab, a city in Kermanshah Province (Western Iran), who suffered from mental health problems due to the earthquake, a magnitude-7.3 quake, occurred in the Western Iran in 2017. Participants completed the Symptom Checklist 90, Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Self-Rating Scale for PTSD. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis by Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software (Version 21). Results: A positive correlation was observed between insomnia severity and all psychopathological symptoms. There was a positive correlation between sleep quality and somatization, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, and psychoticism. In addition, acute stress was positively correlated with insomnia severity and sleep quality. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it is recommended that psychological disorders in earthquake victims be considered to enhance their sleep quality
The risk of nosocomial infection with multidrug-resistant corynebacterium urealyticum after prostate cancer surgery
Get PDFCorynebacterium urealyticum is a Gram-positive, lipophilic, multidrug resistant, and urease positive microorganism with diph-theroid morphology. C. urealyticum causes several diseases such as urinary tract infection, chronic urological disease, urinary tract infections, and bacteremia in immunocompromised individuals. This study reports a rare case with nosocomial infection and hematuria caused by multidrug-resistant C. urealyticum after prostate cancer surgery. © 2019, Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases
Inhibitory effects of chronic administration of vitamin D3 on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice
Get PDFVitamin D3 as a neuroactive steroid hormone plays an important role in the nervous system. Recent clinical and experimental studies have shown an association between vitamin D-related disorders and epilepsy. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effects of chronic administration of vitamin D3 on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure in mice. This interventional study was conducted on 120 mice in 12 groups. Two control groups acutely and chronically received a mixture of almond oil and paraffin; three groups were acutely given vitamin D3 at doses of 2000, 4000 and 6000 IU/kg; three groups chronically received vitamin D3 with similar doses for two weeks and two groups chronically and acutely received a sub-effective dose of vitamin D3 and diazepam. Slow intravenous infusion of PTZ (5 mg/mL) was performed at a constant rate (0.3 mL/min) via an infusion pump to induce clonic and tonic seizures. Acute injection of different concentrations of vitamin D3 (2000, 4000 and 6000 IU/kg i.p.) did not significantly increase a seizure threshold. However, a seizure threshold in the groups chronically treated with 4000, and 6000 IU/kg of vitamin D3 was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Moreover, a combination of the sub-effective dose of vitamin D3 (2000 IU/kg) and diazepam (0.1 mg/kg) significantly increased seizure threshold. Our findings suggest that administration of vitamin D supplement can be considered as a potential add-on treatment in seizure and due to the vitamin D deficiency results from the long-term use of most anti-seizure drugs, this supplementation becomes more important. © 201
Effects of carnitine administration on carotid intima-media thickness and inflammatory factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
No full textBackground: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of carnitine administration on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and inflammatory markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria, aged 18�40 years. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either 250 mg/day carnitine (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. High-resolution carotid ultrasonography was conducted at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Results: After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, carnitine supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in maximum levels of the left CIMT (�0.01 ± 0.02 vs. +0.002 mm ± 0.006 mm, P = 0.001), mean levels of the left CIMT (�0.01 ± 0.02 vs. +0.001 mm ± 0.01 mm, P = 0.001), maximum levels of the right CIMT (�0.01 ± 0.02 vs. +0.006 mm ± 0.01 mm, P < 0.001), and mean levels of the right CIMT (�0.01 ± 0.02 vs. +0.002 mm ± 0.01 mm, P = 0.001). Change in plasma nitric oxide (NO) (+2.4 ± 3.6 vs. +0.2 ± 2.3 μmol/L, P = 0.007) was significantly different between the supplemented patients and placebo group. We did not see any significant effect in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) following the supplementation of carnitine compared with the placebo. Conclusions: Overall, carnitine administration for 12 weeks to participants with PCOS had beneficial effects on CIMT and plasma NO, but did not affect serum hs-CRP levels. © 2019 International Journal of Preventive Medicine