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The relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement of Iranian nursing and medical sciences students: A meta-analysis letter
Get PDFThe effect of date palm seed extract as a new potential radioprotector in gamma-irradiated mice
Get PDFObjective: Date palm seed extract (DPSE) has various compounds revealing antioxidant features. This study aimed to evaluate the radioprotective effect of DPSE in total body gamma irradiation. Materials and Methods: At first, chemical characteristics of DPSE were analyzed by ultraviolet, visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Then, the toxicity of DPSE was assessed. For this purpose, 60 mice were divided into five groups, and each of the groups were injected by the doses of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg, respectively. At the termination of the experiment, mortality rate and weight loss of all mice were evaluated over a period of 30 days. Finally, the radioprotective effect of DPSE was evaluated by dividing 36 mice into three groups: control, test, and placebo and then were irradiated by Cobalt-60. Results: According to the findings, there was no mortality due to DPSE. Furthermore, for the maximum dose of 500 mg/kg, the number of mice surviving at the termination of the experiment with and without injection of DPSE was reported as 83 and 41, respectively. In addition, a significant difference was obtained between radiated mice with and without DPSE injection (P = 0.035). Conclusion: The findings showed that DPSE injected into mice before irradiation has no toxicity and could protect mice from lethal effects of total body irradiation. The use of DPSE as a new radioprotector agent in the human needs further studies, particularly clinical trials. © 2018 Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics | Published by Wolters Kluwer-Medknow
Extremity war injuries: A retrospective study of the Iran-Iraq war
Get PDFBackground: Warfare is an immense destruction of human life and infrastructure. Wide-scale trauma is a gigantic problem, and the latest war trends are toward targeting more civilians. Injuries in war are multifactorial depending mostly on arms engaged. The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics of extremity injuries in the Iran-Iraq war. The important principle is recognizing injury types, mechanism of trauma, and factors influencing complications in extremity injuries of war. Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed documents of 8437 patients who were transported and treated in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, during 8-year Iran-Iraq war from 1980 to 1988. 7352 patients with physical injuries were selected as a sample. Data collection form included type, mechanism, and location of the injury, associated lesions, and the treatment given. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency and mean) using SPSS software. Results: Medical archive review identified 8437 patients, 7352 sustaining physical trauma and 4926 among them had 6601 extremity injuries. Mean age of the patients sustaining extremity injury was 23 years. 74 (4885) of the injuries were caused by shrapnel fragments, 12 (792) were caused by bullets and rest 14 were due to various other causes. There were 53.9 (3561/6601) fractures among the total injuries, most commonly involving femur (19.9). Fracture fixation with 66.3 (1394/2103) was the most common type of orthopedic treatment provided. In addition, 20.6 (1359/6601) injuries were related to arterial lesions and 32 (2112/6601) were accompanied with nerve damage. Conclusion: Extremity injury is a major trauma in war zones and leads to high rate of morbidity; however, if appropriate care and timely assistance are provided, it has low risk of death. Understanding type, frequency, and mechanism of injury and factors influencing trauma is of extreme importance in appropriate management and avoiding unnecessary amputations
Factors affecting the severity of pedestrian traffic crashes
Get PDFBackground: Considering the importance of pedestrian traffic crashes and the role of environmental and demographic factors in the severity of these crashes, this article aimed to review the published evidence and synthesize the results of related studies to determine any associations between demographic and environmental factors and the severity of pedestrian-vehicle crashes. Methods: All epidemiological studies published from 1970 to 2019 were searched in international electronic databases (PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Ovid) and reference lists of the identified articles were also searched. Studies were included if they investigated the severity of pedestrian-vehicle crashes as outcome, measured any environmental and demographic factors for pedestrian-vehicular crashes as exposure, designed observational, and if they were written in all languages. Quality of included studies was evaluated using the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology checklist for observational studies. Results: We found 3126 references among which 24 studies were included in this review. All retrieved studies were conducted between 1990 and 2019 and had a cross-sectional design. In most of these studies, the associations between environmental and demographic variables such as vehicle speed or speed limits, pedestrian age, lighting, type of road, type of vehicle, and alcohol intake with the severity of pedestrian traffic crashes were examined. Conclusion: This study showed that few studies were conducted in this area; in fact, most of the studies were carried out in metropolises of developed countries. As a result, studies which provide strong causal inferences by focusing on high-risk groups and a higher level of evidence such as cohort and case-control ones are needed in developing countries
Safety of skeletal traction through the distal femur, proximal tibia, and calcaneus
Get PDFIntroduction: Skeletal traction provides pain relief and temporary stability in patients anticipating surgery for a variety of lower-extremity fractures. Recent literature suggests that distal femoral traction provides pain relief and is safe; however, data regarding proximal tibial and calcaneal pins are primarily historical and limited. The purpose of this study is to document complications associated with distal femur, proximal tibia, and calcaneal traction pin placement. Materials and Methods: We identified patients with the distal femur, proximal tibia, and calcaneal traction pin placement from January 2013 to June 2016. Chart review was utilized to identify any complications, including nerve or vascular injuries, need for revision, or infection. Results: Five hundred and nineteen traction pins were eligible for review, consisting of 120 calcaneal traction pins, 129 distal femoral pins, and 270 proximal tibia traction pins. Primary diagnosis was defined as 305 femur fractures (58.8), 60 tibial shaft fractures (11.6), 60 acetabular fractures (11.6), 38 pilon fractures (7.3), 30 pelvic ring injuries (5.8), 21 tibial plateau fractures (4.0), and 5 hip dislocations (1.0). We identified 17 (3.3) adverse events potentially attributable to traction pin insertion. Pins that became infected were found to have been in place for a significantly longer duration (18.3 days compared to 5.8 days, P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Traction pin placement for skeletal traction is generally an uncomplicated procedure. Duration of pin placement is significantly related to the likelihood of pin site infection
Cauda equnia syndrome due to Brucella spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess formation: A case report
Get PDFBrucellosis is an infection with a widening clinical disease spectrum, has been reported as the causative agent of lumbar spine complications but rarely accompanying CES Injury. We report a female patient with Brucella spondylodiscitis affecting the lumbosacral region resulting in CES due to epidural abscess formation. Brucella spondylodiscitis should be suspected in patients with unexplained neurological features and low back pain in endemic regions. © 201
Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Patients Undergoing for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Get PDFThis study was carried out to evaluate the effects of selenium supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients undergoing for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed among 33 patients undergoing for CABG surgery, aged 40�85 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either 200 μg/day selenium supplements as selenium yeast (n = 17) or placebo (n = 16) for 4 weeks. Glycemic control, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed at baseline and at the end of trial. After the 4-week intervention, selenium supplementation significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β, 6.76 mg/dL; 95 CI, � 13.13, � 0.40; P = 0.03), insulin (β, � 1.14 μIU/mL; 95 CI, � 2.01, � 0.28; P = 0.01); homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β � 0.35; 95 CI, � 0.62, � 0.08; P = 0.01); and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β � 0.31; 95 CI, � 0.51, � 0.09; P = 0.008); and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol levels (β, 2.72 mg/dL; 95 CI, 0.89, 4.55; P = 0.005) compared with the placebo. Moreover, selenium supplementation led to a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β, � 0.68 mg/L; 95 CI, � 1.18, � 0.17; P = 0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (β, � 0.27 μmol/L; 95 CI, � 0.47, � 0.07; P = 0.009), and a significant elevation in total glutathione (GSH) levels (β, 77.33 μmol/L; 95 CI, 56.11, 98.55; P < 0.001) compared with the placebo. Selenium supplementation did not affect other metabolic profiles. Overall, our study demonstrated that selenium supplementation for 4 weeks to patients undergoing for CABG surgery had beneficial effects on FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio, HDL-cholesterol, hs-CRP, GSH, and MDA levels, but did not affect other metabolic profiles. Clinical trial registration number: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT2017090533941N22. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Physiochemical and microbial properties of honey containing heat-resistant Bacillus coagulans T11
No full textThe present work was assumed to evaluate the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of honey containing heat-resistant Bacillus coagulans T11 (HBC) samples. The HBC sample exhibited a Newtonian behavior with higher viscosity rate than the control honey (without B. coagulans T11) sample. The results from chemical analysis revealed that ash, proline, acidity, insoluble solid, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of HBC sample were more than control honey sample (p < 0.05). Results showed B. coagulans T11 in honey was resistant to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The viable counts of bacteria in HBC decreased after 120 days at the environmental temperature (24 ± 2 °C), but were not lower than 6 logs CFU/g. The present findings suggest that honey containing B. coagulans T11 can be used as a beneficial and functional product in the food industry. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Comparison of Common Monogenic Defects in a Large Predominantly Antibody Deficiency Cohort
No full textBackground: Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most common primary immunodeficiencies, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and inability to generate effective antibody responses. Objective: We intended to report most common monogenic PADs and to investigate how patients with PAD who were primarily diagnosed as suffering from agammaglobulinemia, hyper-IgM (HIgM) syndrome, and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have different clinical and immunological findings. Methods: Stepwise next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed for confirmation of the mutations in the patients clinically diagnosed as suffering from agammaglobulinemia, HIgM syndrome, and CVID. Results: Among 550 registered patients, the predominant genetic defects associated with agammaglobulinemia (48 Bruton's tyrosine kinase BTK and 6 μ heavy chain deficiencies), HIgM syndrome (21 CD40 ligand and 7 activation-induced cytidine deaminase deficiencies), and CVID (17 lipopolysaccharides-responsive beige-like anchor deficiency and 12 atypical Immunodeficiency, Centromeric instability, and Facial dysmorphism syndromes) were identified. Clinical disease severity was significantly higher in patients with μ heavy chain and CD40 ligand mutations compared with patients with BTK (P = .003) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (P = .009) mutations. Paralysis following live polio vaccination was considerably higher in patients with μ heavy chain deficiency compared with BTK deficiency (P < .001). We found a genotype-phenotype correlation among patients with BTK mutations regarding clinical manifestation of meningitis and chronic diarrhea. Surprisingly, we noticed that first presentations in most patients with Immunodeficiency, Centromeric instability, and Facial dysmorphism were respiratory complications (P = .008), whereas first presentations in patients with lipopolysaccharides-responsive beige-like anchor deficiency were nonrespiratory complications (P = .008). Conclusions: This study highlights similarities and differences in the clinical and genetic spectrum of the most common PAD-associated gene defects. This comprehensive comparison will facilitate clinical decision making, and improve prognosis and targeted treatment. © 2018 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunolog
Synthesis and characterization of nickel molybdate nano-powders in the presence of carboxymethyl cellulose as a new capping agent and its application on electrochemical determination of ethanol
Get PDFNickel molybdate (NiMoO4) nanopowders were prepared by a new method in low temperature. For the first time, we used carboxymethyl cellulose as a new capping agent in synthesis procedure. The formed nickel molybdate products have been characterized by means of UV�vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). Glassy carbon electrode modified with NiMoO4 nanopowders was prepared and used for oxidation of ethanol and methanol. The study of the different scan rates indicates a diffusional process for oxidation of ethanol. The detection limit obtained for ethanol was also 3.8 mM. © 2019 by CEE (Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry)