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Association of programmed death-1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of basal cell carcinoma
No full textEnvironmental and genetic factors play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) defined as the most common cancer of skin. Programmed death-1 (PD-1), encoded by programmed cell death-1 (PDCD1) gene, serves as an inhibitory molecule in the suppression of immune responses and a risk factor in the development of different cancers. In this study, we investigated the role of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within PDCD1 gene, and haplotypes defined by these SNPs, in the development of BCC in an Iranian population. Whole blood samples were obtained from 210 BCC and 320 healthy subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to genotype determinations of PD1.3 (rs11568821) and PD1.5 (rs2227981) SNPs, and 4 haplotypes were constructed by PDCD1 SNPs. The frequency of G allele of PD1.3 was significantly higher in BCC patients than healthy subjects (p < 0.02), while these significant differences were not observed in the frequencies of PD1.5 alleles between BCC and healthy subjects. Moreover, we found that there were no statistically significant differences in PD1.3 and PD1.5 genotypes between BCC and control groups. Of all estimated haplotypes for PDCD1, only AC haplotype was associated with BCC (OR = 0.22, 95 CI = 0.06�0.79, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that PD1.3G allele and AC haplotype of PDCD1 contribute to BCC in the Iranian population. However, further studies in different populations with larger sample size are required to confirm this study. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Lt
Development and psychometric evaluation of the menopausal self-care questionnaire in a sample of Iranian postmenopausal women
Get PDFBackground: Self-care assessment is a prerequisite to self-care promotion interventions. However, there is no specific measurement instrument for self-care assessment among postmenopausal women. Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop the menopausal self-care questionnaire and evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of Iranian postmenopausal women. Methods: This methodological study was conducted in 2017 based on Waltz's method for instrument development. Questionnaire items were generated based on a literature review, and then, face, content, and construct validity of the questionnaire were assessed. For construct validity assessment, a sample of 357 women aged 45-60 years were selected through cluster and stratified sampling from health-care centers in Kashan, Iran. Then, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the factor structure of the questionnaire. Moreover, reliability was assessed through calculating Cronbach's alpha and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The primary version of the questionnaire contained 36 items. Two items were deleted due to their limited content validity. The impact scores, content validity ratios, and content validity indices of the remaining 34 items were at least 2.84, 0.70, and 0.70, respectively. During factor analysis for construct validity assessment, one item was deleted and the questionnaire was found to have a seven-factor structure, accounting for 54.87 of the total variance. The factors were general health care, screening, nutrition, memory, hot flashes and night sweats, sexuality, and social communication. The ICC and Cronbach's alpha value for the questionnaire were 0.76 (P < 0.001) and 0.88, respectively. Conclusion: The menopausal self-care questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for self-care assessment among postmenopausal women. It can be used in health monitoring programs for middle-aged and elderly women. © 2019 Nursing and Midwifery Studies | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
microRNAs: New prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in cervical cancer
No full textCervical cancer is as a kind of cancer beginning from the cervix. Given that cervical cancer could be observed in women who infected with papillomavirus, regular oral contraceptives, and multiple pregnancies. Early detection of cervical cancer is one of the most important aspects of the therapy of this malignancy. Despite several efforts, finding and developing new biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis are required. Among various prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers, miRNA have been emerged as powerful biomarkers for detection, treatment, and monitoring of response to therapy in cervical cancer. Here, we summarized various miRNAs as an employable platform for prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in the treatment of cervical cancer. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
The effects of vitamin D treatment on glycemic control, serum lipid profiles, and C-reactive protein in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Get PDFPurpose: Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and increased systemic inflammation are important risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hence, vitamin D administration might be an appropriate approach to decrease the complications of CKD. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of vitamin D supplementation or treatment on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and C-reactive protein (CRP) among patients with CKD were included. Methods: Two independent authors systematically searched online databases including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science in November 2018 with no time restriction. Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was applied to assess the methodological quality of included trials. Between-study heterogeneity was estimated using the Cochran�s Q test and I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Results: Of the 1358 citations identified from searches, 17 full-text articles were reviewed. Pooling findings from five studies revealed a significant reduction in fasting glucose (WMD: � 18.87; 95 CI: � 23.16, � 14.58) and in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) through three studies (WMD: � 2.30; 95 CI: � 2.88, � 1.72) following the administration of vitamin D. In addition, pooled analysis revealed a significant reduction in triglycerides (WMD: � 32.52; 95 CI: � 57.57, � 7.47) through six studies and in cholesterol concentrations (WMD: � 7.93; 95 CI: � 13.03, � 2.83) through five studies, following vitamin D supplementation or treatment, while there was no effect on insulin, HbA1c, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and CRP levels. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation or treatment on improving fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, triglycerides and cholesterol levels among patients with CKD, though it did not influence insulin, HbA1c, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and CRP levels. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V
The role of fibromodulin in cancer pathogenesis: Implications for diagnosis and therapy
Get PDFFibromodulin (FMOD) is known as one of very important extracellular matrix small leucine-rich proteoglycans. This small leucine-rich proteoglycan has critical roles in the extracellular matrix organization and necessary for repairing of tissue in many organs. Given that the major task of FMOD is the modulation of collagen fibrillogenesis. However, recently observed that FMOD plays very important roles in the modulation of a variety of pivotal biological processes including angiogenesis, regulation of TGF-β activity, and differentiation of human fibroblasts into pluripotent cells, inflammatory mechanisms, apoptosis and metastatic related phenotypes. Besides these roles, FMOD has been considered as a new tumor-related antigen in some malignancies such as lymphoma, leukemia, and leiomyoma. Taken together, these findings proposed that FMOD could be introduced as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in treatment of various cancers. Herein, for first time, we highlighted the various roles of FMOD in the cancerous conditions. Moreover, we summarized the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of FMOD in cancer therapy. © 2019 The Author(s)
The effect of curcumin pre-treatment on morphine-induced inhibitory memory impairment and nitric oxide level in rat
Get PDFBackground: Curcumin, as a polyphenolic compound in turmeric plant, has a neuroprotective effect in the improvement of learning and memory. Curcumin has interaction with diverse molecules, e.g., nitric oxide (NO). The present study dealt with the effect of curcumin pre-treatment on morphine-induced inhibitory memory impairment and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) level in rat. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, rats (n=40) were divided into four groups (each group, 10 rats) and their memory was evaluated in an inhibitory memory apparatus: Control (saline gavage for 35 days+post-training saline (i.p.)); Curcumin (curcumin gavage (10 mg/kg for 35 days)+post-training saline (i.p.); Morphine (saline gavage for 35 days+post-training morphine (7.5 mg/kg/i.p.)); Curcumin+Morphine (curcumin gavage (35 days)+post-training morphine (i.p.)). In all groups, the memory of animals in the second day (test) was reported as the time delay (Sec.) to enter the dark chamber. The locomotor activity was evaluated using the open field. After behavioral tests, the brain of animals was removed under deep anesthesia for evaluating the NOx level using the Griess method. Results: The time delay to enter the dark chamber in Morphine and Morphine+Curcumin groups were decreased (P<0.001) and increased (P<0.01), compared to Control and Morphine groups, respectively. Tissue NOx levels in Morphine and Morphine+Curcumin groups were decreased (P<0.05) and increased (P<0.001), compared to Control and Morphine groups, respectively. Locomotor activity in open field did not show a significant difference in four groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Curcumin improves the morphine-induced inhibitory memory impairment in rat, probably via the NO signaling pathway
Correlation of A G to A nucleotide substitution in upstream region of leptin with breast cancer susceptibility
Get PDFSingle nucleotide polymorphisms in leptin gene may increase the risk of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of leptin G-2548A gene polymorphism with breast cancer risk in an Iranian population. In a case-control study, 98 subjects including 45 women with breast cancer and 53 healthy women were recruited. The genotypes of G-2548A polymorphism were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our data revealed that there is a significant association between AG homozygote genotype and breast cancer risk (OR= 2.41, 95CI= 1.05-5.52, p= 0.037). Also, we observed that G allele marginally increases the breast cancer risk (OR= 1.92, 95CI= 1.00-3.70, p= 0.049). Based on our preliminary study, leptin G-2548A gene polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor for breast cancer and further studies with larger sample size are required to obtain more accurate results. © 2019, Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. All rights reserved
Behavioral feasibility of the clinical nursing information system
Get PDFBackground: Analysis of humanitarian issues affecting the implementation time of information systems to increase the acceptance of these systems is essential. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the behavioral feasibility of the clinical nursing information system. Methods: An applied cross-sectional study was conducted with 348 nurses in 2015. Data were collected by face to face interviews and a questionnaire containing 33 questions, which were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed, and its reliability was estimated 0.90 through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and t-test. Results: An average score of behavioral feasibility was 67.44. The rate of supply provided for implementing the clinical nursing information system was 55.2, which was in a semi-favorable level. The necessity of system deployment in the clinical nursing sector had the highest frequency (88.2) and interference of redesigning structures with the current work had the lowest frequency (43.6). Conclusion: The possibility of implementation of the clinical nursing information system in a behavioral dimension is at a semi-favorable level. To increase the acceptance of the system, presenting a new system as a positive change and further training of the nurses is recommended. © 2019 Jeddi et al
Venous thromboembolic sequel of head injury: A narrative review
Get PDFIn this systematic review, we detailed the current understanding and controversies on venous thromboembolism as the sequel following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The review was conducted on the literature survey to find the thromboembolic morbidities in TBI patients. This review presented the thromboembolic sequel of patients with TBI by a comprehensive focused assembly of research publications by searching various resources. A search strategy with specific inclusion criteria was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and the WHO Global Health Library. TBI is related with the incremental presence of spectrum of thromboembolic disorders from primary and secondary injuries by the significant increases in the concentrations of the initiating factors of the coagulation cascade. The incidences of thromboembolism vary on factors like the severity of TBI, methods of prophylaxis used or the processes to diagnose embolic involvement. The most effective time for the initiation of antithrombotic therapy chemoprophylaxis should be initiated after 24 h or after 72 h in patients with brain trauma is still a controversial issue. Patients with brain injury are at increased risk for thromboembolism for which prophylaxis and timely management are highly recommended, and this should be available in all levels of care
The effect of splenic hilum ligation on the injured spleen and its function in rat model
Get PDFBackground: The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of splenic hilum ligation (SHL) and splenectomy in spleen trauma in rat model. Methods: This interventional study was performed on 38 rats with spleen injuries. Rats were randomly divided into SHL and splenectomy groups. After 7 days of surgery, IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE were measured. At this time, blood smear was prepared to evaluate Howell-Jolly bodies, target cells, schistocyte, poikilocyte, and anisocyte. Three months after the surgery, the spleen viability was evaluated by relaparotomy. Results: After 7 days, white blood count was significantly lower in SHL group as compared to control group (P = 0.024). All variables in peripheral blood smear were significantly lower in SHL group as compared to control group, except Howell-Jolly bodies (P = 0.461). In the SHL group, all spleens were viable in second operations. Conclusions: SHL can be used safely in the management of traumatic splenic injuries in rats