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The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Relapse, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients With Opioid Dependence Under Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A Pilot Study
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Patients under methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) are susceptible to several complications including mental disturbances and risk of relapse. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of tDCS on relapse, depression, and anxiety of opioid-dependent patients under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Methods: It was a randomized-clinical trial that conducted among 27 male patients referred to the outpatient addiction clinic of Ibn-e-Sina psychiatric hospital in Mashhad from July 2018 to May 2019. Participants were allocated to two treatment groups including intervention and sham groups. The intervention group received seven sessions of tDCS, in the F3 (cathode) and F4 (anode) areas of the brain, each one lasts 20 min, in two consecutive weeks. Depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) were measured before, during, and after the intervention in patients under MMT. Relapse on the morphine, cannabis, and methamphetamine was screened by urine dipstick tests of morphine, cannabis, and methamphetamine. Results: Depression, anxiety, and stress of participants were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared with the control after the seventh session of tDCS (P < 0.001, P=0.01, and P=0.01, respectively). In addition, the relapse rate showed no significant changes between the two groups (P=0.33). Conclusion: Overall, our study demonstrated that depression, anxiety, and stress of participants were significantly reduced after the seventh session of tDCS, but did not affect on the relapse rate. Therefore, it can be applied as a safe and effective technique to relieve mental disorder among receiving MMT. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.irct.ir, identifier IRCT20180604039979N1. © Copyright © 2020 Sadeghi Bimorgh, Omidi, Ghoreishi, Rezaei Ardani, Ghaderi and Banafshe
A brief review on the possible role of houseflies and cockroaches in the mechanical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19)
Get PDFmiRNA-29a reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance and inhibits proliferation via up-regulation of PTEN in colon cancer cells
Get PDFColon cancer is a serious malignant type of cancer in the world. Acquisition of multi-drug resistance (MDR) during chemotherapy is still a controversial challenge during cancer treatment. Accordingly, detection of safe and impressive MDR-reversing targets such as microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) can play critical role in cancer treatment. Here, the functional effects of miR-29a in chemo-resistant colon cancer cells is scrutinized. The effect of doxorubicin (DOX) on cell proliferation after miR-29a transfection has been evaluated using MTT assay in HT29 and HT29/DOX cells. Rhodamine123 (Rh123) assay is used to identify the activity of common drug efflux through membrane transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp). P-gp and PTEN mRNA/protein expression levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analyses. Flow cytometry was employed to the investigation of apoptosis. ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's and Sidak's tests were used to compare the data from different groups. Thus, it was shown that miRNA-29a overexpression considerably inhibited the HT29/DOX viability. miR-29a significantly down-regulated P-gp expression and activity in HT29/DOX cells and declined drug resistance through elevation of intracellular DOX. Furthermore, upon miRNA-29a transfection, PTEN expression could be restored in resistant cells. These results have indicated that miR-29a target PTEN ultimately P-gp, which is downstream of PTEN, inhibit drug resistance, proliferation, and apoptosis through PI3K/Akt pathway. As a result, miR-29a overexpression is led to enhance the sensitivity of HT29/DOX cells to DOX-treatment by targeting P-gp. MiR-29a might proffer a novel promising candidate for colon cancer therapeutics during chemotherapy. © 202
Letter to the editor on �Outpatient volumes and medical staffing resources as predictors for continuity of follow-up care during transfer of adolescents with congenital heart disease�
Get PDFCorrection to: Ecological modeling and distribution analysis of digger scorpions: Odontobuthus doriae, Odontobuthus bidentatus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) and Scorpio maurus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) in Iran using the maximum entropy method (Applied Entomology and Zoology, (2020), 55, 1, (17-24), 10.1007/s13355-019-00647-9)
Get PDFThe word �Odonthubutus� should be replaced with �Odontobuthus� throughout the article. © 2020, The Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology
Cumulative effective dose caused by diagnostic imaging and its associated risk for cancer development in trauma patients referred to the emergency department
Get PDFBackground: The current study aimed to determine the cumulative effective dose caused by diagnostic imaging and its associated risk for cancer development in trauma patients referred to an emergency department. Methods: This study was carried out retrospectively in an emergency department (Kashan, Iran) from April 2015 to October 2015. Then, the types of diagnostic radiologic studies performed on adult trauma patients in their first 24 h upon presentation were recorded. Finally, the cumulative effective dose of trauma patients and its associated risk for cancer development were obtained. Results: In total, the patients received 3323 radiologic examinations including 2169 radiographs and 1154 computed tomography (CT)-scans. The most common type of plain radiographic and CT-scan examinations included anterior posterior and posterior anterior chest as well as head, respectively. The mean cumulative effective dose received by trauma patients referred to the emergency department was 2.47 ± 4.29 mSv. Most of the effective dose was from CT-scan examinations (90.65 of total cumulative effective dose; 2181.91 mSv). The majority of patients (83.40) received between 0.00 and 5.00 mSv cumulative effective dose. Moreover, the cancer risk per average cumulative effective dose received by trauma patients was 1.01 � 10-4. Conclusions: In current study, the mean cumulative effective dose per each trauma patient (2.47 mSv) was relatively less than that of the other evaluated studies. It was also found that although the number of CT-scans was relatively few compared to plain radiographs, most of the cumulative effective dose of patients resulted from CT-scans; hence, using unnecessary CT-scan examinations should be avoided. © 2019 Journal of Medical Sciences - Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Engineered skin graft with stromal vascular fraction cells encapsulated in fibrin�collagen hydrogel: A clinical study for diabetic wound healing
No full textDespite the abundance of skin substitutes in the worldwide market, major hurdles in developing more complex tissues include the addition of skin appendages and vascular networks as the most important structure. The aim of this research was a clinical feasibility study of a novel prevascularized skin grafts containing the dermal and epidermal layer using the adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF)-derived endothelial cell population for vascular network regeneration. Herein, we characterized hydrogel with emphasis on biological compatibility and cell proliferation, migration, and vitality. The therapeutic potential of the prevascularized hydrogel transplanted on five human subjects as an intervention group with diabetic wounds was compared with nonvascularized skin grafts as the control on five patients. Wound planimetric and biometric analysis was performed using a Mann�Whitney nonparametric t-test (p �.05). The fibrin�collagen hydrogel was suitable for skin organotypic cell culture. There was a significant (p �.05) increased in skin thickness and density in the vascular beds of the hypodermis measured with skin scanner compared with that in the control group. No significant macroscopic differences were observed between the intervention and control groups (p �.05). In summary, we report for the first time the use of autologous dermal�epidermal skin grafts with intrinsic vascular plexus in a clinical feasibility study. The preliminary data showed that SVF-based full-thickness skin grafts are safe and accelerate the wound healing process. The next stage of the study is a full-scale randomized clinical trial for the treatment of patients with chronic wounds. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The effects of resveratrol on lipid profiles and liver enzymes in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full textBackground: There are current trials investigating the effect of resveratrol supplementation on lipid profiles and liver enzymes among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders; however, their findings are controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed to determine the effects of resveratrol supplementation on lipid profiles and liver enzymes among patients with MetS and related disorders. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of the following online databases up to November 2018: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The relevant articles were assessed for quality of studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Out of 2459 citations, 31 articles were appropriate for including to the current meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that resveratrol use significantly decreased total cholesterol weighted mean difference (WMD) = - 7.65 mg/dL; 95% CI, - 12.93, - 2.37; P < 0.01; I2: 83.4% and increased gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations (WMD = 1.76 U/l; 95% CI, 0.58, 2.94; P < 0.01; I2: 20.1%). We found no significant effect of resveratrol supplementation on triglycerides (WMD = - 5.84 mg/dL; 95% CI, - 12.68, 1.00; P = 0.09; I2: 66.8%), LDL- (WMD = -2.90 mg/dL; 95% CI, - 10.88, 5.09; P = 0.47; I2: 96.0%), HDL-cholesterol (WMD = 0.49 mg/dL; 95% CI, - 0.80, 1.78; P = 0.45; I2: 74.0%), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD = -0.14 U/l; 95% CI, - 3.69, 3.41; P = 0.93; I2: 79.6%), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (WMD = -0.34 U/l; 95% CI, - 2.94, 2.27; P = 0.80; I2: 88.0%) concentrations. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that resveratrol supplementation among patients with MetS and related disorders significantly reduced total cholesterol and increased GGT concentrations, but did not affect triglycerides, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol, ALT, and AST concentrations. This data suggests that resveratrol may have a potential cardio-protective effect in patients with MetS and related disorders. © 2020 The Author(s)
Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ): a translation and validation study of the Persian version
Get PDFIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ) in Iranian adolescents. Methods: The CASQ consists of 16 items measuring extreme sleepiness during the day in adolescents aged 11�17 years old. The questionnaire includes two dimensions: Sleepiness Statements and Alertness Statements. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The original English text of CASQ was translated into Persian using backward-forward translation. Then, 310 secondary school adolescents aged 11�17 years old completed that in Kashan. The internal validity of the questionnaire was determined two times at an interval of two weeks using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The concurrent validity was determined using Spearman correlation coefficient. Factor analysis was used by performing principle component analysis for assessing construct validity. Results: 199 (47.1) of the adolescents participated in this study, were male and 111 (52.9) were female. Mean and standard deviation of the age of adolescents were 14.31 ± 0.9. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire CASQ was the satisfactory value of 0.8. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC coefficient) of the tool was 0.78, which confirmed the repeatability of this test. Spearman�s correlation coefficient between CASQ and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) was equal to 0.21, and the correlation coefficient between CASQ and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was 0.25. Both were significant at P < 0.05 level. Conclusions: Based on the present study findings, we concluded that the Persian version of CASQ has an appropriate validity and reliability for assessing the sleepiness of adolescents in the Persian language community. © 2020, Japanese Society of Sleep Research
Effects of glycerin oil and lavender oil massages on hemodialysis patients� restless legs syndrome
Get PDFObjectives: To determine the effects of glycerin oil and lavender oil massages on hemodialysis patients� restless legs syndrome (RLS). Methods: Ninety hemodialysis patients with RLS were randomly allocated into two intervention groups and one control group, each consisting of 35 participants. The control group received routine care, and the intervention groups received effleurage massage with lavender and glycerin oil in addition to routine care for one month. RLS intensity was measured among the three groups using the Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale. Results: At the beginning of the study, the results showed no significant difference among the three groups� scores. At the end of the study, the mean RLS scores were significantly lower in the intervention groups compared to the control group (F = 63.4, p � 0.001). This difference was not significant between the two intervention groups; nonetheless, the differences between the control and lavender oil groups, as well as the control and glycerin oil groups, were significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings showed the effectiveness of the oils through the effleurage massage for reducing RLS in a sample of hemodialysis patients. © 2019 Elsevier Lt