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Protective disciplinary exchange: A qualitative study into nurse managers' supportive strategies for nursing error management
Get PDFBackground: Understanding nurse managers' supportive strategies for managing nursing errors can facilitate the improvement of nursing care quality and patient safety. Objectives: This study aimed to explore nurse managers' supportive strategies for nursing error management (NEM). Methods: This descriptive qualitative study was conducted on twenty nurse managers and two nurses purposively recruited from teaching hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. The data were collected via in-depth semistructured interviews and concurrently analyzed via conventional content analysis. Results: Nurse managers' supportive strategies for NEM were overlooking nurses' errors to promote their obedience, prioritizing nursing care measures to reduce errors, error prevention training rounds during shift handover instead of error reporting, and alternative disciplinary measures instead of error reporting. These strategies were conceptualized as protective disciplinary exchange. Conclusion: Protective disciplinary exchange denotes that nurse managers prefer to manage nursing errors with flexibility. This situational communicative strategy helps nurse managers protect their staff resources and maintain their positions
Determining nursing research priorities in lao people's democratic republic: A modified delphi study
Get PDFBackground: Determining research priorities is important not only to support evidence-based nursing practice, but also to direct nursing research based on the needs of each country. However, there is no single study identified in Lao People's Democratic Republic that sets research priorities in nursing.Objective: This study was to gain consensus from experts on the priorities of nursing research in Lao People's Democratic Republic. Methods: A modified Delphi study was used, which consisted of three rounds. A focus group discussion was used in round I. In round II, the results of content analysis in round I were electronically presented to all participants and asked them to rate the importance of each topic using a 5-point Likert scale. In round III, the results of round II were presented using mean score, and the participants were again asked to rate each topic using the same scale. Results: The top five priorities include: (i) evaluation of the implementation of nursing documentation based on nursing process, (ii) developing and updating standard of nursing practice for typical diseases, (iii) development of professional nurses and preceptor competency, (iv) motivational system and nurse satisfaction and their effects on nurse performance, and (v) utilization of evidence-based practice to improve nursing practice. Conclusion: The results of this study serve as an input for developing nursing research agenda in Lao and enhancing international research collaboration that focuses on health system and nursing management
Prevalence of work-related violence among nurses working in Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital in 2018
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: Aggressive behaviors against medical personnel have been reported as a common problem that occurs in many ways and associated with many complications. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and work-related factors of workplace violent incidents against nurses in hospital environment. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 161 nursing professionals working at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan. Data were collected using the Persian version of the standard questionnaire Workplace violence in the health sector. Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the relationship of individual and work variables with the incidence of aggression. Results: Of the participants, 67 reported having been experienced at least one type of aggression within the past 12 months. The 1-year prevalence of verbal aggression (87) was the highest, followed by physical aggression (31.2). Nurses reported being pushed (13.6) and beating (12.4) as common physical aggression. Bullying (34.7) and vilification (25.4) were reported the most frequent verbal abuse. Perpetrators were mainly patients' family (61.2) and patients (30.2). Married nurses were more likely exposed to physical and verbal violence compared to single nurses (P = 0.016). The majority of nurses reported uselessness (62.8) and unimportance (27.3) of declaring violent events as the main reason for avoiding disclosure. Conclusion: The frequency of aggression, particularly verbal abuse is significantly high in nursing profession. The results suggest the need for the development of appropriate violent reporting and prevention systems in the hospital environment
The effects of salpingectomy on the serum level of anti-Müllerian hormone: A single-blind randomized controlled trial
No full textObjectives: Concerns exist over the effects of salpingectomy on ovarian function. This study aimed to assess the effects of salpingectomy on the serum level of anti-Müllerian hormone. Materials and Methods: This single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2017–2018 on 86 candidates for hysterectomy. Participants were randomly allocated to undergo either hysterectomy without salpingectomy (control group) or hysterectomy with salpingectomy (intervention group). Serum anti-Müllerian hormone level was measured both before and three months after surgery. Data were analyzed through the Mann-Whitney U test, the Chi-square test, the analysis of covariance, and the linear regression analysis. Results: The mean value of Serum anti-Müllerian hormone level did not significantly change in the study groups (P > 0.05). After removing the effects of confounders, study groups did not significantly differ from each other respecting the posttest mean value of serum anti-Müllerian hormone level (P = 0.868). Conclusion: Salpingectomy does not significantly affect serum anti-Müllerian hormone level and ovarian function. © 2019 Elsevier Masson SA
Psychometric properties of the child and adolescent mindfulness measure: A psychological measure of mindfulness in youth
Get PDFBackground: Although there are a number of acceptable means of measuring mindfulness for adults, this is not the case with the child and adolescent population. A requirement, therefore, is to establish and evaluate the child and adolescent mindfulness tools, such as the child and adolescent mindfulness measure (CAMM). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of a Persian version of the CAMM. Methods: This descriptive research involved a sample of 620 students aged 12 to 18 years in Kashan who were selected via cluster sampling in 2017. The participants completed the Persian CAMM, the eight-item Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQY8), the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale for Adolescents (MAAS-A), the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The factor structure of the Persian CAMM was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses by separate samples. Test-retest reliability (with four-week interval and 50 participants), internal consistency, and convergent and divergent validities were also determined. Results: The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed that the one-factor (original) model of the CAMM did not meet the goodness of fit indexes. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA, n = 300) indicated that the Persian CAMM had a two-factor structure and the CFA verified the acceptable fit of the two-factor scale. The instrument also exhibited good reliability (α =0.73). The correlation between CAMM and anxiety, depression, and psychological inflexibility was negative, whereas its correlation with the MAAS-A was positive (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the Persian CAMM is an appropriate tool with acceptable psychometric properties for measuring adolescent mindfulness. Mindfulness can be considered an important protective construct in the mental health of children and adolescents. Copyright © 2020, Author(s)
Three dimensional electro-Fenton oxidation of diclofenac and naproxen with magnetic bentonite as a novel particle electrode
Get PDFMagnetic bentonite (MBt) and Ti/TiO2 nanotube/PbO2, for the first time, were investigated as particle electrodes and anode of three dimensional electro-Fenton process (3DEF) for the degradation of diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NPX). The characteristics of the electrodes were determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) analyses and the effects of operating parameters on degradation were studied. The results showed that adsorption and electrochemical processes have lower removal efficiency than the 3DEF process at neutral pH. This efficiency was due to the greater production of hydroxyl radical (•OH) through the anode and MBt surface. The results of the scavenging experiments confirmed an increase in the amount of production of •OH. The maximum removal efficiency of DCF and NPX was obtained at pH of 6, MBt dosage of 500 mg/L, current density of 25 mA/cm2and electrolysis time of 120 min. The electrodes reusability was confirmed by consecutive reaction cycle and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and SEM-mapping analysis explained their stability. The results of continuous electro-oxidation reactor showed proper removal of the chemical oxygen demand(COD) from real wastewater. The degradation by-products were identified by gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis coupled with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME). Based on comparative tests and products identification, the possible mechanism and pathway of drugs degradation were suggested. © 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Comparison of the effect of sesame and almond oil on the incidence of striae gravidarum
Get PDFBackground: Striae gravidarum (SG) is one of the most common skin changes during pregnancy. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effect of almond oil and sesame oil on the incidence of SG. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 165 pregnant women referring to community health centers of Kashan, Iran. The participants in the two intervention groups received sesame oil or almond oil twice a day, from the 16th week to the end of the 36th week of gestation. The manifestations of SG and its severity were recorded at the end of the study. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, one-way analysis of variance, and logistic regression analysis. Results: SG occurred in 63.60, 60, and 58.20 in the almond, sesame oil and control groups, respectively. No significant difference was found in the incidence of striae between the three groups in the 36th week of gestation (P = 0.837). None of the confounding variables could predict the occurrence of striae (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Neither sesame oil nor almond oil could significantly affect the occurrence of SG. Given the controversies between the studies, further studies are required to evaluate the effect of almond oil and sesame oil in the prevention of the SG
Impacts of informal caregiving among the family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A qualitative study
Get PDFBackground: Caregiving to patients with schizophrenia is burdensome for family caregivers and has profound effects on them. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the impacts of informal caregiving among the family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted on a purposive sample of 12 family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and 3 health-care providers. Semi-structured interviews were held for data collection, and conventional content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: Four main subthemes were developed during data analysis, namely threatened health, helplessness, patient abandonment, and personal growth. Together with their eight subcategories, these subthemes were grouped into the main theme of the "Consequences of caregiving burden." Conclusion: Caregiving to patients with schizophrenia imposes heavy burden on family caregivers and has different consequences for them. The findings of this study can improve the knowledge and awareness of mental health and psychiatric nurses about schizophrenia and its consequences for family caregivers and can help them identify family caregivers who are at risk for negative consequences and design proper family-based interventions to reduce the effects of these negative consequences
The effect of calcium on the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to Human Gingival Epithelial Cells in the presence of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus salivarius
No full textIntroduction: Oral pathogens are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. The adhesion of probiotic bacteria to epithelial cells plays an important role in inhibiting the growth and binding of pathogenic bacteria. We aim to investigate the effect of calcium carbonate on the binding of Streptococcus mutans to Human Gingival Epithelial Cells (HGECs) in the presence of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Salivarius. Methods and materials: Experiments are performed in the presence of calcium and probiotic bacteria and HGECs in duplicate and three times separately. The difference in the amount of Streptococcus mutans in HGECs is determined by the presence and absence of Lactobacillus plantarum or salivarius and calcium or both by dilution and culture procedures. Results: Simple effects analysis showed that the survival rate of HGECs in all doses was significantly higher than negatives (p < .001). The results indicated that the survival rate in the single dose of L. salivarius (0.617 ± 0.003) and L. plantarum (0.652 ± 0.002) was significantly higher than the combined doses. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrates that calcium and probiotics from Lactobacillus salivarius and plantarum alone can improve the survival of HGECs in the presence of Streptococcus mutans. But the combined function of these therapeutic factors is not optimal and even reduces their therapeutic efficacy. © 202
Chitosan: A compound for drug delivery system in gastric cancer-a review
No full textGastric cancer is known as the fourth most common cancer and the second main cause of cancer-related deaths. Gastric cancer has some characteristics including high incidence rates of metastasis and mortality as well as low rates of early diagnosis, radical resection and 5-year survival. Radical surgery and following chemotherapy has been done for patients with early gastric cancer leading to 90 survival rate in 5-year after operation. Besides, in advanced stage some cases don't have the chance of surgery as well as the risk of metastasis is high in these patients overally leading to poor prognosis. In recent years, finding a suitable drug delivery system for chemotherapeutic drugs in gastric cancer is an considerable subject for researchers. Chitosan is known as an appropriate compound for chemo-drug delivery in cancer treatment due to its high biodegradability and biocompatibility. Moreover, trans-mucosal drug delivery is facilitated by chitosan via its mucoadhesive and cationic features enhancing interaction with mucous membrane. In addition, a large amount of experimental evidence has reported the efficacy of chitosan for drug delivery in gastric cancer. Thus, the aim of this article was to review this evidence as well as new chitosan-based drug delivery systems investigated in gastric cancer. © 2020 Elsevier Lt