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Caregiver burden and related factors in Iranian mothers of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Full text linkBackground: Literature indicates high levels of burden in primary caregivers of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Identifying the related factors might help in planning the interventions to reduce it. Objective: This study aimed to identify the caregiver burden and its related factors in Iranian mothers with children suffering from ADHD. Methods: In this correlational study, 246 mothers with children and adolescents suffering from ADHD referred to psychiatric clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were included through a convenient sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic information form, Zarit Burden Interview, Swanson Nolan and Pelham Parent Rating Scale-IV, and the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-present and lifetime version. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: A majority of children (66) were in the combined subtype. The mean of the disorder severity was 1.91 ± 0.79, 1.76 ± 0.70, and 1.81 ± 0.61 in impulsive, inattentive, and combined subtypes, respectively. The mean of mothers' caregiver burden was 40.43 ± 1.38. A significant relationship was found between the mean severity of the disorder subtypes and caregiver burden. The correlation coefficient was 0.36, 0.29, and 0.29 for the impulsive, inattentive, and combined subtypes, respectively. The mother's age, existence of ADHD in the child's brother, family member's cooperation in caregiving, and the child's birth rank could significantly predict the caregiver burden. Conclusion: Given the role of family-related factors in the burden of care in mothers of children with ADHD, family-centered care and home visits are recommended to assist mothers of these children
The association between fear of falling and functional tests in older adults with diabetes mellitus
Full text linkBackground: The number of older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing. Falling during walking and the fear of it are prevalent in older adults with DM. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between fear of falling (FoF) and functional tests in older adults with DM and to determine other factors affecting functional tests in these people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 134 older adults with DM who had referred to the diabetes clinic of Matini Hospital in Kashan, Iran. The participants were selected through sequential sampling and then were categorized into two groups of with and without FoF. In addition to responding to a demographic questionnaire, the participants were assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination, Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom Score, and Falls Efficacy Scale-International version. Walking performance of the participants was also measured using the Timed Up-and-Go, 5-Sit-to-Stand, and 50-Foot Timed Walk tests. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square,t-, and Mann-Whitney U-tests and linear regressions analysis. Results: Significant associations were found between FoF and education level, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and having neuropathy (P < 0.05). In addition to FoF, a number of demographic, anthropometric, and clinical variables affected the patients' performance in all functional tests; however, gender was the variable that affected the results of all three tests (P < 0.05). Conclusion: FoF is associated with the performance of older adults with DM in functional tests. Thus, the FoF should be assessed in older adults with DM in order to provide better health care for them
Impact of atorvastatin loaded exosome as an anti-glioblastoma carrier to induce apoptosis of U87 cancer cells in 3D culture model
No full textExosomes (EXOs) are naturally occurring nanosized lipid bilayers that can be efficiently used as a drug delivery system to carry small pharmaceutical, biological molecules and pass major biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. It was hypothesized that EXOs derived from human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs-EXOs) can be utilized as a drug carrier to enhance tumor-targeting drugs, especially for those have low solubility and limited oral bioactivity. In this study, atorvastatin (Ato) loaded EXOs (AtoEXOs) was prepared and characterized for its physical and biological activities in tumor growth suppression of 3 D glioblastoma model. The AtoEXOs were obtained in different methods to maximize drug encapsulation efficacy. The characterization of AtoEXOs was performed for its size, stability, drug release, and in vitro anti-tumor efficacy evaluated comprising inhibition of proliferation, apoptosis induction of tumor cells. Expression of apoptotic genes by Real time PCR, Annexin V/PI, tunnel assay was studied after 72 h exposing U87 cells where encapsulated in matrigel in different concentrations of AtoEXOs (5, 10 μM). The results showed that the prepared AtoEXOs possessed diameter ranging from 30–150 nm, satisfying stability and sustainable Ato release rate. The AtoEXOs was up taken by U87 and generated significant apoptotic effects while this inhibited tumor growth of U87 cells. Altogether, produced AtoEXOs formulation due to its therapeutic efficacy has the potential to be an adaptable approach to treat glioblastoma brain tumors. © 2020 The Author
Photobiomodulation therapy improves the growth factor and cytokine secretory profile in human type 2 diabetic fibroblasts
No full textImpaired wound healing is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the underlying mechanism of this impairment is still unclear. Fibroblast, as the main reconstructing cell, secretes some critical growth factors and cytokine contributing to wound healing. It is well known that DM alters the behavior of these cells and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) compensates some impairments in diabetic fibroblasts. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate the impact of diabetes and the role of PBMT through low level laser irradiation on secretory profile of human diabetic fibroblasts. Primary human dermal fibroblasts from normal (HDFs) and diabetic (DHDFs) donors were harvested. For PBMT, the DHDFs were irradiated with a Helium-Neon laser at 632.8 nm wavelength and energy density of 0.5 J/cm2, as laser treated group (LT-DHDFs). Next, some cellular behaviors and secretory profiling array for 60 growth factors/cytokines were investigated in LT-DHDFs and then compared with those of controls. The data showed that the PBMT could compensate such impairments occurred in DHDFs in terms of viability, proliferation, and migration. Furthermore, considering our novel findings, out of those 20 growth factors/cytokines involved in cell proliferation, immune system regulation, and cell-cell communication pathways, which significantly decreased in DHDF as compared with HDFs, the PBMT could compensate seven in LT-DHDFs as compared with DHDFs. The seven growth factor/cytokines, which are mainly involved in cell-cell communication, positive regulation of cell proliferation, and chemokine mediated pathway included BDNF, Eotaxin-3, FGF6, FGF7, Fractalkine, fit-3ligand, and GCP-2. Therefore, it is suggested that scrutinizing these differentially secreted molecules and the impaired pathways in DHDFs, in combination with those compensated in LT-DHDFs, could raise our knowledge to manage diabetic ulcer through a feasible and cost effective intervention, specifically PBMT. © 2020 Elsevier B.V
The effects of nano-curcumin on metabolic status in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis, a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial
Full text linkIntroduction. This study evaluated the effects of nano-curcumin intake on metabolic status in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis (HD). Methods. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 patients with diabetes on HD. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to take either 80 mg/d nano-curcumin (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Results. Nano-curcumin significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (β =-19.68 mg/dL, 95 CI:-33.48 to-5.88; P <.05) and serum insulin levels (β =-1.70 µIU/mL, 95 CI:-2.96 to-0.44; P <.05) when compared with patients who received placebo. Nano-curcumin treatment was associated with a significant reduction in triglycerides (β =-16.13 mg/dL, 95 CI:-31.51 to-0.75; P <.05), VLDL-cholesterol (β =-3.22 mg/dL, 95 CI:-6.30 to-0.15; P <.05), total cholesterol (β =-17.83 mg/dL, 95 CI:-29.22 to-6.45; P <.05), LDL-cholesterol (β =-15.20 mg/dL, 95 CI:-25.53 to-4.87; P <.05), and total-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β =-1.15, 95 CI:-0.2.10 to-0.21; P <.05) when compared with the placebo. Nano-curcumin also resulted in a significant reduction of serum high sensitivity CRP (β =-0.78 mg/L, 95 CI:-1.41 to-0.15; P <.05), and plasma malondialdehyde (β =-0.25 µmol/L, 95 CI:-0.45 to-0.04; P <.05); but also with a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity (β = 52.43 mmol/L; 95 CI: 4.52 to 100.35; P <.05) and total nitrite levels (β = 3.62 µmol/L, 95 CI: 2.17 to 5.08; P <.001) when compared with placebo. Conclusion. Nano-curcumin intake for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on metabolic profile in patients with diabetes on HD. © 2020, Iranian Society of Nephrology. All rights reserved
Adapted MMSE and TYM cognitive tests: how much powerful in screening for Alzheimer’s disease in Iranian people
Full text linkAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major global health priority and providing an efficient way for early diagnosis of people developing dementia is important. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE, total score = 30) and Test Your Memory (TYM, total score = 50) are widely used as screening tests for cognitive function. In the present study 174 subjects including healthy people (CON group) and those having Alzheimer’s disease (AD group) were introduced to MMSE and TYM cognitive tests adjusted to Iranian population. Sensitivities and specificities with optimal cut-off scores, area under curve (AUC), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were measured for both tests. The MMSE scores of the CON and AD groups were 23.77 ± 0.327 and 10.88 ± 0.762, respectively. The TYM scores were 44.32 ± 0.389 and 14.37 ± 1.368 in the CON and AD participants, respectively. Findings in the MMSE test were: AUC = 0.962, optimal cut-off score = 18.5, sensitivity = 0.90 and specificity = 0.96. Values in the TYM test were: AUC = 0.991, optimal cut-off score = 31, sensitivity = 0.90 and specificity = 1. We found no correlation between the cognitive performance and age in the CON group but a positive correlation in the AD patients. On the other hand, t-test analysis indicated that achievement of the test scores are significantly sex dependent, with more scores attained by the females. Taken together, in regard to correct classification rate (CCR); the TYM test seems to be more appropriate for cognitive screening in our study. However, considering an analogous AUC, both tests are comparable and have high sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between people with and without AD. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Impact of researchgate on increasing citations and usage counts of hot papers in clinical medicine indexed in web of science
Full text linkThe purpose of this research was to conduct a comparative study of the impact of ResearchGate indicators on increasing citation and usage counts of hot papers in clinical medicine indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database. This is an applied research and has been performed using scientometric methods. Article titles, the number of citations, "Usage count last 180 days", "Usage count since 2013", publication year, and authors of 583 hot papers in clinical medicine were extracted from the WoS database. Then, the readership and citation counts of articles were extracted from ResearchGate social network. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 21. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the number of received citations, both usage counts in WoS and ResearchGate indicators (P value ≤ 0.01). Self-archiving in scientific social networking sites such as ResearchGate may be effective on visibility of articles that may also be related to their received citations. © 2020, Elmira Janavi, Somayyeh Nadi-Ravandi and Zahra Batooli
Effect of acute caffeine administration on hyperalgesia and allodynia in a rat neuropathic pain model
Full text linkIntroduction: Damage to the central and peripheral nervous system causes neuropathic pain. Caffeine is a plant alkaloid and non-selective antagonist of A1, A2a and A2b adenosine receptors. It is reported that caffeine increases the threshold of pain. In this study, the effect of acute caffeine on behavioral responses of neuropathic pain was investigated. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 56 adult male Wistar rats in the weight range of 220-250 g. Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI(. Animals were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 8): Control, Sham, CCI, CCI + Saline, and CCI + Caffeine (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg). Thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical and thermal allodynia has been done on days 4,7, 14, 21, 28 after CCI. Results: Neuropathic rats desmostrated increased pain thresholds. Notably, caffeine at a dose of 10 mg/kg significantly increased the thermal allodynia., but at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, it significantly decreased the thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the effects of caffeine on pain responses are dose-dependent. Probably the inhibition of adenosine A1 receptors by caffeine increases pain responses, while the inhibition of A2a and A2b adenosine receptors is associated with protective effect of caffeine against pain responses. © 2020, Semnan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Corrigendum to “Cauda equine syndrome due to Brucella spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess formation: A case report” (Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery: Advanced Techniques and Case Management (2019) 17 (42–44), (S2214751918302676), (10.1016/j.inat.2019.01.011))
Full text linkThe authors' regret: Acknowledgements must be deleted because it is not related to our manuscript. The authors apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 201
The effects of Vitamin D supplementation on withdrawal symptoms and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and insulin in patients under methadone maintenance treatment: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Full text linkBackground: Hypovitaminosis D may be related to some metabolic vulnerable, including metabolic disorders associated with inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in subjects undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the impact of vitamin D intake on withdrawal symptoms and genetic response related to inflammatory cytokines and insulin in patients treated with MMT. Methods: This investigation was performed on 40 subjects under MMT to consume either 50,000 IU vitamin D supplements (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) every 2 weeks for 12 weeks, between April and June 2017 in Kashan, Iran. The clinical opiate withdrawal symptoms (COWS) were evaluated to examine withdrawal scale and gene expression at baseline and after the a 3-month intervention. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 18 with Fisher's exact test, t-test, chi-square, and ANCOVA. Also, P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The results of our study showed that compared with the placebo, taking vitamin D downregulated interleukin-1 (IL-1) expression (P = 0.01) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients under MMT. In addition, consuming vitamin D increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression (P = 0.01). Administration of vitamin D did not change COWS and IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression. Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, vitamin D can be recommended as an adjunct to MMT which may elevate the quality of life and decrease methadone side effects. Copyright © 2020, Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited