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The Establishment of the American Judicial System Through Marbury vs. Madison
Get PDFMarbury, Madison, Marshall, Supreme Court, Justice, Jefferson, America, Constitution, 1800, Democratic-Republican, Federalist, Judiciar
The Role of Oncomodulin in the Central Nervous System Inflammation
No full textAcoustic overexposure in mice leads to an excess of calcium influx in outer hair cells (OHCs) and causes permanent hearing loss due to death of OHCs. Oncomodulin is a parvalbumin calcium buffering protein located in OHCs of the cochlea. Early pilot studies indicate that genetic deletion of OCM results in immune-related pathology throughout the cochlea. Why and how this occurs is unknown. Studies in wild type (WT) and OCM knockout (KO) mice demonstrate greater numbers of immune cells are associated with noise exposure in an OCM knockout than in WT. Expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) leads to the recruitment of macrophages and is increased in association with noise and downregulation of OCM. Interestingly, OCM has been found in macrophages and is associated with recovery from inflammation in the retinal system. However, it is unknown whether OCM plays the same role in central nervous system cells. The current study aimed to determine if and to what extent OCM plays a role in cochlear immune cells, inflammation, and in the central nervous system cell population. Herein we report the response of cultured cochlear microglial cells (MOCHA) to inflammatory stimuli. Finally, we report OCM RNA-sequence data in subsets of cells (microglia, astrocytes, GABAergic neurons, and glutamatergic neurons) in the medial temporal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the Allen Institute Seattle Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Cell Atlas. Results of these studies indicate the presence of OCM in cochlear rat microglia and increase of that expression during inflammation. Additionally, RNA-sequence data indicate the presence of OCM in central nervous system cells and differences in OCM expression depending on Alzheimer’s disease pathology and characteristics
Testament of Fire
No full textOil on canvas, 43 in x 105 in. Collection of the College of Bible and Ministry, Harding University, Searcy, AR
Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence: A National Survey
No full textBackground: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing and evolving field impacting pharmacy research, education, and professional practice. The development and adaptation of AI technologies have the potential to radically shape the future of the pharmacy profession. However, it remains unclear how aware pharmacists are of these technologies or their perceptions regarding current and future utilization. Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the perceptions and awareness of artificial intelligence technologies in a population of practicing pharmacists across the United States. Methods: A 19-question electronic survey was administered via Qualtrics to assess various AI perceptions among U.S. pharmacists. The survey ran from September 5th to November 22nd, 2023 and targeted practicing pharmacists through professional organizations and publicly available email lists. Responses were analyzed for descriptive trends and demographic analysis focusing on factors predicting AI use and were categorized into sub-focuses for detailed analysis. Results: A total of 1363 practicing pharmacists completed the survey. 82.5% of respondents expressed some degree of familiarity with AI software, but only 38.7% reported having used AI. Of those using AI software, the most common applications were Large Language Models (33.7%) and Image Generation (10%). 56.1% of pharmacists feel that AI will decrease the number of pharmacy jobs, and 34.9% of pharmacists express some degree of distrust of AI. Despite this, 64.1% of pharmacists feel that AI could enhance their professional effectiveness and productivity. Males appear much more likely than females to use AI (50.1% Vs. 31%, P \u3c .001). Younger responders also reported higher AI utilization with the highest utilization aged 23e29 (47.5%) and lowest in 60þ (25.6%, P \u3c .001) Conclusion: Understanding pharmacists\u27 current awareness, concerns, and perspectives on AI is crucial for navigating its potential impact on the profession including potential professional utilization, addressing concerns regarding job security, ethical considerations, and regulatory uncertaint
Fighting France: The Unsung Heroes and Forgotten Victims of Free French Africa in WWII
Get PDFThe efforts of native African efforts against the Vichy France and Nazi regimes go unrecognized in the context of Allied progress in the Second World War. The stories of Fighting France, or General de Gaulle’s forces of Free French Africa, reflect the values fought for throughout the war. Recent research has better shed light on the topic and in deserving of further exploration. Academic efforts have allowed better questions to be asked of Fighting France and the degree to which their participation affects the continent today and global systems at large