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Rights, Knowledge, and Governance for Improved Health Equity in Urban Settings
No full textAbstract available at publisher's web site
"Ethically Impossible" STD Research in Guatemala from 1946 to 1948
Get PDFFollowing the revelation last fall that the PHS supported research on sexually transmitted diseases in Guatemala from 1946 to 1948, President Obama asked the Bioethics Commission to oversee a thorough fact-finding investigation into the studies. Commission staff carefully reviewed more than 125,000 original pages of documents and approximately 550 secondary sources collected from public and private archives around the country. Commission staff also completed a fact finding trip to Guatemala and met with Guatemala’s own internal investigation committee.
The PHS research involved intentionally exposing and infecting vulnerable populations to sexually transmitted diseases without the subjects’ consent. “In the Commission’s view, the Guatemala experiments involved unconscionable basic violations of ethics, even as judged against the researchers’ own recognition of the requirements of the medical ethics of the day,” Commission Chair Amy Gutmann, Ph.D., said. “The individuals who approved, conducted, facilitated and funded these experiments are morally culpable to various degrees for these wrongs.”
The full report, Ethically Impossible: STD Research in Guatemala from 1946-1953, also includes the Commission’s ethical analysis of the case
Changes in patterns of racial disparities in attending low-mortality hospitals and outcomes among patients with stroke.
No full textMultiple efforts related to expanded access to care may have contributed to greater likelihood of admission to high-quality hospitals for African American and Hispanic patients, but these efforts do not seem to have affected Asian/Pacific Islander patients. Further research is needed to explore mechanisms for improving outcomes in high-risk populations. Policies should continue to support healthcare quality improvement efforts that have shown positive effects on outcomes of patients of all racial/ethnic groups. Programs that help Asian/ Pacific Islander patients to identify and attend high-quality hospitals should also be encouraged
Place, Not Race: Disparities Dissipate In Southwest Baltimore When Blacks And Whites Live Under Similar Conditions
No full textAbstract available at publisher's web site
Shared Networks Of Interpreter Services, At Relatively Low Cost, Can Help Providers Serve Patients With Limited English Skills
No full textAbstract available at publisher's web site
Quality Improvement Efforts Under Health Reform: How To Ensure That They Help Reduce Disparities--Not Increase Them
No full textAbstract available at publisher's web site
The Health of Latinos in Baltimore City 2011
Get PDFLatinos comprise the fastest growing racial or ethnic group in Baltimore City and nationwide.
By mid‐century, Latinos will constitute nearly one third of the nation’s population. In Baltimore
City, the Latino community represents a diverse and heterogeneous group, with many
different cultural heritages (Mexican, Central American, South American, Puerto Rican, Cuban,
Dominican, and other Hispanic/Latino backgrounds). The community also differs widely on
Language fluency, immigration status, and time and generations living in the U.S.
The Latino health status report is a comprehensive review of available health data for Baltimore
City’s Latino residents. It describes how the health of Baltimore Latinos,
Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphates, Paraoxonase 1, and Cognitive Development in Childhood
No full textBackground: Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides has been shown to negatively impact child neurobehavioral development. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of organophosphates.
Objective: To examine the relationship between biomarkers of organophosphate exposure, PON1, and cognitive development at ages 12 and 24 months, and 6 to 9 years.
Methods: The Mount Sinai Children’s Environmental Health Study enrolled a multiethnic prenatal population in New York City between 1998 and 2002 (n= 404). Third trimester maternal urines were collected and analyzed for organophosphate metabolites (n = 360). Prenatal maternal blood was analyzed for PON1 activity and genotype. Children returned for neurodevelopment assessments at ages 12 months (n = 200), 24 months (n = 276), 6 to 9 (n = 169) years.
Results: Prenatal total dialkylphosphate metabolite level was associated with a decrement in mental development at 12 months among blacks and Hispanics. These associations appeared to be enhanced among children of mothers who carried the PON1 Q192R QQ genotype, which imparts slow catalytic activity for chlorpyrifos oxon. In later childhood, increasing prenatal total dialkyl- and dimethylphosphate metabolites were associated with decrements in perceptual reasoning in the maternal PON1 Q192R QQ genotype, with a monotonic trend consistent with greater decrements with increasing prenatal exposure.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to organophosphates negatively impacts cognitive development, particularly perceptual reasoning, with evidence of effects beginning at 12 months and continuing through early childhood. PON1 may be an important susceptibility factor for these deleterious effects
Envision Prince George’s Embrace the Possibilities: Community Conversation Highlights
No full textOn June 21 Envision Prince George’s held a Community Conversation to update community members on progress made and lessons learned over the first year of implementation. At the program, the community shared insights of the first year and suggestions for the future of the county through Envision Prince George’s
Medicaid: A Lifeline for Blacks and Latinos with Serious Health Care Needs
No full textReport, commissioned by the Families USA, the Joint Center Health Policy Institute and other allies, describes the likely impact on African Americans and Latinos of cuts to Medicaid, the program on which millions of low-income Americans rely. It contains state-specific data for blacks and Latinos who rely on Medicaid and suffer from chronic medical conditions such as cancer, diabetes, chronic lung disease and heart disease