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A National Mass Media Smoking Cessation Campaign: Effects by Race/Ethnicity and Education
No full textPurpose. To assess the effectiveness of a large-scale, national smoking cessation media campaign, the EX campaign, across racial/ethnic and educational subgroups.
Design. A longitudinal random-digit-dial panel study conducted prior to and 6 months following the national launch of the campaign.
Setting. The sample was drawn from eight designated media markets in the United States.
Subjects. The baseline survey was conducted on 5616 current smokers, aged 18 to 49 years, and 4067 (73% follow-up response rate) were resurveyed at the 6-month follow-up.
Measures. The primary independent variable is confirmed awareness of the campaign advertising, and the outcome variables are follow-up cessation-related cognitions index score and quit attempts.
Analysis. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted within racial/ethnic and educational strata to assess the strength of association between confirmed awareness of campaign advertising and cessation-related outcomes.
Results. Confirmed awareness of campaign advertising increased favorable cessation-related cognitions among Hispanics and quit attempts among non-Hispanic blacks, and increased favorable cessation-related cognitions and quit attempts among smokers with less than a high school education.
Conclusions. These results suggest that the EX campaign may be effective in promoting cessation-related cognitions and behaviors among minority and disadvantaged smokers who experience a disproportionate burden of tobacco-related illness and mortality
Impact of season and diet on vitamin d status of african american and caucasian children.
No full textSeasonal variation of vitamin D status and adequacy of dietary vitamin D and impact of race on maintaining vitamin D sufficiency was assessed in 140 healthy 6- to 12-year-old African American (AA) and Caucasian (C) children residing in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania during summer and winter. Vitamin D insufficiency was not rare in either group (AA vs C, summer, 17.2% vs 14.3%, nonsignificant; winter, 34.1% vs 32.5%, nonsignificant) despite a mean dietary intake of vitamin D above the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended intake (400 IU/d; AA vs C, summer, 421 vs 456 IU/d, nonsignificant; winter, 507 vs 432 IU/d, nonsignificant). Race/season and dietary vitamin D were predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. However, dietary vitamin D influenced 25(OH)D only in Caucasians during winter. Current AAP recommended daily intake for vitamin D is inadequate for maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in children
State-Level Variations in Racial Disparities in Life Expectancy
No full textAbstract available at publisher's website
The Role of Community-Based Participatory Research to Inform Local Health Policy: A Case Study
No full textThe community of health services researchers in general
internalmedicine has played an important role in affecting
health policy at the national and state levels. Communitybased
participatory research (CBPR) offers health services
researchers an opportunity to identify and address health
policy questions at the local level.We present the following
four mechanisms by which CBPR might increase the
ability of health services researchers to impact health by
informing local policy. CBPR benefits community partners
by allowing them to participate directly in the research
process, gives academic researchers access to local data,
enhances interpretation of research findings through an
understanding of local context, and provides a natural
infrastructure for affecting local policy through its community
partners. For each of these mechanisms, we
describe one example from a CBPR project conducted by
one of us (M.O.). Considering the challenges and opportunities
of conducting CBPR, future efforts will help describe
how this emerging research paradigm can complement
traditional health services research to most effectively
inform health policy at multiple levels
Cross-Cultural Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Spanish Brief Religious Coping Scale (S-BRCS)
No full textAbstract available at publisher's web site
Racial/Ethnic and Poverty Disparities in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Completion
No full textBackground: Two vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV), a necessary cause of cervical
cancer, are currently licensed and recommended for routine administration in the U.S. to girls in a
three-dose series.
Purpose: This study examined effects of race/ethnicity, poverty, and year on completion of the
three-dose HPV vaccine series among those who initiated vaccination.
Methods: Data from the 2008–2009 National Immunization Survey-Teen for girls aged 13–17 years
who received at least one dose of HPV vaccine (n_7606) were analyzed in 2010–2011 using logistic
regression to adjust for covariates including measures of access to care.
Results: During this 2-year period, 55% of adolescent girls who initiated vaccination completed the
three-dose series. Completion was signifıcantly higher in 2009 (60%) compared to 2008 (48%;
p_0.001). After controlling for covariates, adolescents who were black (AOR_0.48, 95% CI_0.40,
0.57) or Hispanic (AOR_0.75, 95% CI_0.64, 0.88) were signifıcantly less likely to complete vaccination
than whites. Adolescents living below the federal poverty level were signifıcantly less likely to
complete vaccination than adolescents with household incomes _$75,000 (AOR_0.76, 95%
CI_0.63, 0.92). There was no signifıcant interaction between race/ethnicity and year (p_0.92).
Although poverty was associated with lower completion rates in 2008, this association was not
observed in 2009 (p_0.05 for poverty–year interaction).
Conclusions: HPV vaccination completion rates increased between 2008 and 2009. However,
signifıcant differences by race/ethnicity and poverty were observed, and the racial/ethnic differences
persisted
Changing Overweight Latino Preadolescent Body Mass Index: The Effect of the Parent-Child Dyad
No full textAbstract available at publisher's web site
How Health Care Organizations Are Using Data on Patients’ Race and Ethnicity to Improve Quality of Care
No full textAbstract available at publisher's web site
Differences to Determinants: Elevating the Discourse on Health Disparities
No full textNo abstract available
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Role in Health Disparities
No full textAbstract available at publisher's web site