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Disparities in Children’s Health
No full textA child’s health is strongly affected by the family and community
environment in which he or she lives, learns and plays, as well as by access
to high-quality health care, high-quality early learning and educational
opportunities, and nurturing relationships with parents and other adults.
Reducing disparities in child health requires community-based strategies
and health care policies that support children’s healthy development at home,
at school and in the community.
Health insurance and health care are vital
to children’s health status as a means of preventing or mitigating health
problems and educating families about health issues.
Health disparities are associated with family income, educational status,
race and ethnicity, and geography.
Poor and low-income children have
higher rates of mortality and disability than higher income children and
are more likely to be in fair or poor health. Research shows that as neighborhood poverty levels increase, child well-being and opportunities for
success decrease.
One in ten Rhode Island children lives in a neighborhood
of concentrated poverty (defined as census tracts with poverty rates of
30% or more). African American and Latino children are more likely than
White children to live in these neighborhoods.
Black and Latino children are more likely to be in poor health than their
White counterparts. Children who are poor, of color or uninsured are
more likely to lack access to appropriate health care.
Rhode Island’s children are diverse in terms of race, ethnicity and income. In 2010 in Rhode
Island, 72% of children under age 18 were White, 8% were Black or
African-American, 3% were Asian, less than 1% were Native American,
9% were Some other race and 7% were Two or more races. Twenty-one
percent of Rhode Island children were Hispanic
The Hidden Strength of Prevention Politics
No full textEditor's Note for the Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law (2012), 37(2), pages 177-18
Primary Care and Public Health: Exploring Integration to Improve Population Health
No full textNo abstract available
Recommendation from the Community Preventive Services Task Force for Use of Collaborative Care for the Management of Depressive Disorders
No full textThe Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends collaborative care for management of depressive disorders, based on strong evidence of effectiveness in improving depression symptoms, adherence to treatment, response to treatment, and remission and recovery from depression.
The widespread prevalence of depressive disorders and the large disease burden from these disorders is well established. [1] and [2] Primary care remains the most frequent point of entry into the healthcare system for patients with depression symptoms, and nearly 60% of patients with depression continue to receive care at the primary care level.3 Hence, engagement in primary care to reduce morbidity and mortality from depression would include optimizing two processes: screening and treatment. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for depression in adults (www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsaddepr.htm) and adolescents (www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspschdepr.htm) in outpatient primary care settings, when adequate systems are in place for efficient diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up for depressive disorders
An Ergonomic Assessment and Fitness Evaluation of Young Male Tea Factory Workers in Dooars, West Bengal
Full text linkIntroduction: There are very few published reports on the heath status of tea garden workers of West Bengal, while reports on cardiorespiratory fineness and body composition of male tea factory workers is almost scanty.
Purpose: The present study was carried out in the Dooars region of the Cooch Behar district, West Bengal to evaluate the physical fitness and morphological characteristics due to the physio-logical workload of respondents engaged in processing of tea leaves in factories within the tea-estates.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in 18-25 years’ young male tea-garden workers (n=15) by random selection from Cooch Behar District, West Bengal (mean age 20.1) and college students (n=15) of Kolkata (mean age 21.9), who served as controls. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated in terms of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and physical fitness index (PFI),
while morphological characters were estimated by means of physical anthropometric measures.
Results: A significant difference in body surface area, body mass index, percentage of body fat (% fat), blood pressure, physical fitness index, energy expenditure, anaerobic power, mean upper arm circumference, thigh circumference, waist circum-ference and buttock circumference were found (p<0.05) in tea garden workers. No significant difference was observed in calf circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR).
Conclusions: On the basis of the findings of the present study using morphometric indicators and fitness markers it can be concluded that, the majority of respondents had an ectomorph stature but have good physical fitness level
Developing a Model for Measuring the Efficiency of the Health System in Canada
No full textHealth system policy- and decision-makers have a responsibility to ensure that scarce health system resources are used wisely to provide the best possible health services to the public while containing current and future costs. Measuring variations in health system efficiency and learning from them could be a helpful approach for policy- and decision-makers in this
regard as it could inform policies and interventions maximizing health outcomes from scarce
public resources.
The goal of this project is to develop an approach for measuring the technical efficiency of the health system in a manner that is relevant to federal, provincial, territorial and regional policy- and decision-makers.
Consultations with health system stakeholders at federal, provincial and territorial levels were the most significant contributions in defining this approach. A review of health system data available in Canada at the provincial, territorial and regional levels helped assess the
feasibility of the health system efficiency measurement model proposed.
The report provides an overview of the methods used to develop the approach, describes the main decision points and concludes with a presentation of an approach to health system efficiency measurement at the provincial and regional levels.
The next steps in the project are as follows: test the model, using available data to produce preliminary results of the health system efficiency measure; engage with policy-makers and health system managers at the regional level to explore possible factors leading to inefficiencies; and identify successful policies that can serve as a learning opportunity for Canadian jurisdictions
Maryland Health Care Reform Simulation Model: Detailed Analysis and Methodology
Full text linkThe lead author of Maryland Health Care Reform Simulation Model: Detailed Analysis and Methodology is Dr. Hamid Fakhraei, the Hilltop Institute's director of economic analysis, econometrics modeling, and forecasting. For this study, the Hilltop Institute developed a dynamic
model covering population change, economic impact, employment, and health care expenditures. As a dynamic model, the Maryland Health Care Reform Simulation Model can be updated over time