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ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF ANNELIDA AT COASTAL MAN- MADE STRUCTURE AREAS IN KUALA NERUS, TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA
Full text linkA STUDY ON LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN RAW STINGLESS BEE HONEY AND THEIR EFFECT ON EXTREME SUGAR CONTENT, HIGH ACIDITY AND SHELF-LIFE CONDITIONS
No full textEnhanced YOLOv7 for Improved Underwater Target Detection
No full textAiming at the problems of the underwater existence of some targets with relatively small size, low contrast, and a lot of surrounding interference information, which lead to a high leakage rate and low recognition accuracy, a new improved YOLOv7 underwater target detection algorithm is proposed. First, the original YOLOv7 anchor frame information is updated by the K-Means algorithm to generate anchor frame sizes and ratios suitable for the underwater target dataset; second, we use the PConv (Partial Convolution) module instead of part of the standard convolution in the multi-scale feature fusion module to reduce the amount of computation and number of parameters, thus improving the detection speed; then, the existing CIou loss function is improved with the ShapeIou_NWD loss function, and the new loss function allows the model to learn more feature information during the training process; finall, we introduce the SimAM attention mechanism after the multi-scale feature fusion module to increase attention to the small feature information, which improves the detection accuracy. This method achieves an average accuracy of 85.7% on the marine organisms dataset, and the detection speed reaches 122.9 frames/s, which reduces the number of parameters by 21% and the amount of computation by 26% compared with the original YOLOv7 algorithm. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has a great improvement in detection speed and accuracy
SUSTAINABLE GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING Coffea arabica HUSK WITH POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Full text linkThis research focused on the sustainable green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Coffea arabica husk, an agro-industrial byproduct, as a reducing and capping agent. The primary problem addressed by this study is the environmental challenges posed by agro-waste disposal and the limitations of conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods, which often involve toxic chemicals and high energy consumption. This eco-friendly approach provides an alternative to conventional chemical and physical methods, promoting waste valorization and reducing environmental impact. The objective of this research was to develop an efficient, sustainable method for synthesizing AgNPs while exploring their potential applications in antimicrobial and anticancer therapies. Bioactive compounds in the coffee husk extract were identified through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which facilitated the formation of AgNPs. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, showing an absorption peak around 400 nm, confirming successful AgNPs synthesis. Morphological analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical AgNPs with an average size of approximately 147 nm. Zeta potential measurements indicated good nanoparticle stability, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of functional groups responsible for nanoparticle stabilization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis further verified the crystalline structure of the AgNPs, with diffraction peaks corresponding to the face-centered cubic structure of silver. The AgNPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity in agar disc diffusion assays, effectively inhibiting bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. Furthermore, Coffea arabica husk-derived AgNPs were tested for cytotoxicity using the MTS assay against the MCF-7 cancer cell line and L6 skeletal muscle cell line, showing selective cytotoxic effects on cancer cells with an IC50 value of 16.7 ?g/mL, while exhibiting no toxic effects on normal skeletal muscle cells. These findings underscore the potential of Coffea arabica husk-derived AgNPs as promising antibacterial and anticancer agents, supporting their application in sustainable biomedical fields
Ontogenetic, Spatial and Inter-Annual Variability in the Diet of European Hake Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758, in the North Aegean Sea
No full textThis study contributes to filling knowledge gaps regarding recent information on the
diet of the European hake, Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758, in the Greek seas, particularly its
ontogenetic shifts and its spatiotemporal variability. The trophic preferences of M. merluccius were
investigated in the North Aegean Sea during the summers of 2019 to 2023 with visual stomach
content analysis to assess its composition, diversity, and variability across body-size classes, years,
and subareas. The identified prey are functionally diverse and in many cases also primary targets
for local fisheries. The ontogenetic trophic niche of hake was characterized by two distinct shifts,
delineated by 10 and 50 cm body-size thresholds. Cephalopods were a prevalent dietary component
for large hake individuals. The intermediate body-size classes demonstrated greater trophic niche
breadth concerning prey diversity and absolute prey-size ranges. A feeding strategy characterized by
the specialization of individuals was also revealed. The effect of the temporal and spatial context
on the hake diet was occasionally correlated with spatiotemporal variations in the sizes of their
populations. In conclusion, ontogenetic and spatiotemporal variability in the hake diet were found
to be significant and should be considered in the data collection design and analyses of the trophic
interactions of the species
PERSEPSI ORANG TANA TORAJA DAN PELANCONG TEMPATAN TERHADAP MAJLIS RAMBU SOLO DI RANTEPAO, KAMPUNG PANTA?KAN LOLO
No full textOptimization of Enzymatic Deproteination of Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) Shell Chitin Using Commercial Proteases
No full textShrimp shells are a key source of chitin, commonly extracted through chemical methods,
which may cause minor molecular damage. Nowadays, there is great interest in achieving close to
zero protein content in crude chitin in order to use it for high-end markets. Therefore, this study
optimized the enzymatic deproteination using two commercial proteases (SEB Pro FL100 and Sea-B
Zyme L200) for effective and fast removal of residual protein from Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis)
shell chitin for the first time. The protein content was determined using both the Kjeldahl method and
amino acid analysis using gas chromatography?mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The performance of
papain (Sea B Zyme L200) was superior to fungal protease (SEB Pro FL100) for this application, and it
achieved residual protein content of 2.01%, while the calculated optimum for the latter enzyme was
6.18%. A model was developed using 24 factorial design, and it was predicted that the lowest residual
protein content using fungal protease and papain could be achieved at the following conditions: a
pH of 4.2 and 7, and an enzyme concentration of 4 and 1.5%, respectively. Thus, the low-protein
content obtained using enzymatic deproteination could be an alternative approach to the traditional
methods, indicating their potential to produce premium-quality chitin
Antioxidant, Antibacterial Properties of Novel Peptide CP by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chromis notata By-Products and Its Efficacy on Atopic Dermatitis
No full textThis study investigated the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-atopic dermatitis (AD)
effects of a novel peptide (CP) derived from a Chromis notata by-product hydrolysate. Alcalase,
Flavourzyme, Neutrase, and Protamex enzymes were used to hydrolyze the C. notata by-product
protein, and the 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging
activity was measured. Alcalase hydrolysate exhibited the highest ABTS radical-scavenging activity,
leading to the selection of Alcalase for further purification. The CHAO-1-I fraction, with the highest
ABTS activity, was isolated and further purified, resulting in the identification of the peptide
CP with the amino acid sequence Ala-Gln-Val-Met-Lys-Leu-Pro-His-Arg-Met-Gln-His-Ser-Gln-Ser.
CP demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, inhibiting its growth. In a
2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin model in mice, CP significantly alleviated
skin lesions, reduced epidermal and dermal thickness, and inhibited mast cell infiltration. Moreover,
CP suppressed the elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the plasma of DNCB-induced mice. These
findings highlight the potential of CP as a therapeutic agent for AD and suggest a novel application
of this C. notata by-product in the fish processing industry
Effect of Seedling Rates on Crop Yield and Methane Emissions from Rice Paddies
No full textAgricultural strategies are urgently needed to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions without
reducing crop yield. Seedling rate per hill will affect the quantity and quality of tillers, which may affect
rice yield and CH4 emissions. Therefore, it is hypothesized that high yields with low yield-scaled CH4
emissions could be achieved with optimal seedling rate per hill. A field experiment was conducted with
three densities (low seedling rate, LSR; moderate seedling rate,MSR; and high seedling rate, HSR) for
two consecutive rice seasons. The CH4 fluxes were determined by the static chamber?GC method. The
results showed no significant differences in rice yields, seasonal CH4 emissions, or yield-scaled CH4
emissions between the three treatments. For early rice, the HSR tended to achieve high yield without
increasing yield-scaled CH4 emissions. As for late rice, theMSR showed similar rice yield, and tended to
have lower yield-scaled CH4 emissions in comparison with the HSR. The results suggest that choosing
an appropriate seedling rate per hill to increase grain yield while maintaining lower or comparable
yield-scaled CH4 emissions can be a promising option to reduce CH4 emissions from rice paddies
Chondroitin Sulfate Nanovectorized by LC-PUFAs Nanocarriers Extracted from Salmon (Salmo salar) by Green Process with Decreased Inflammatory Marker Expression in Interleukin-1?- Stimulated Primary Human Chondrocytes In Vitro Culture
No full textChondroitin sulfate (CS), a glycosaminoglycan, supports health through various physiological
functions, including tissue protection, bone growth, and skin aging prevention. It also
contributes to anticoagulant or anti-inflammatory processes, with its primary clinical use being
osteoarthritis treatment. This study presents the results of the valorization of lipids and CS, both
extracted from salmon co-products through enzymatic processes. The polar lipids, naturally rich in
long-chain fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid DHA C22:6 n-3 and eicosapentaenoic acid EPA C20:5
n-3), and the CS, primarily located in the nasal cartilage, were separated and concentrated before
being characterized using various techniques to determine functional and lipid composition. These
compounds were then used to formulate liposomes of 63 to 95 nm in size composed of 19.38% of
DHA and 7.44% of EPA and encapsulating CS extract with a ?di-4S/?di-6S ratio of 0.53 at 2 weight
masses (10?30 kDa and >30 kDa) or CS standard all at two different concentrations. Liposomes were
tested on human chondrocytes in inflamed conditions. Thus, compatibility tests, the expression of
various inflammation markers at transcriptional and molecular levels, nitrites, and the amount of
collagenase produced were analyzed. The results showed that CS, in synergy with the liposomes,
played a positive role in combating chondrocyte inflammation even at a low concentration