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KAJIAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUASAN LATIHAN KAKITANGAN DI JORDAN: PERANAN FENOMENA FIKIRAN MELAYANG SEBAGAI PENGANTARA
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The changing role and definitions of aquaculture for environmental purposes
No full textAquaculture is the fastest growing form of food production across the globe. The
expansion of the industry has brought about a diversity of approaches to mitigate
social and ecological impacts associated with aquaculture production systems. At the
same time, there is a growing interest in utilizing aquaculture for conservation purposes
including species recovery, habitat restoration and offsetting the impacts of
wild capture on vulnerable harvested species. The diversification of the aquaculture
sector and the overlapping use of terminology to describe alternative aquaculture
approaches can create challenges for policy makers, managers and industry practitioners.
Clear distinction between alternative aquaculture approaches and intent may
improve regulatory, permitting, monitoring and consumer awareness outcomes. Here,
we examine the use of four primary aquaculture approaches in the scientific literature:
?commercial aquaculture?, ?conservation aquaculture?, ?restorative aquaculture?
and ?regenerative aquaculture? to elucidate the similarities and differences and
improve understanding of the approaches. We propose definitions for the terms
based on empirical analysis of related words used in scientific texts and fitness into a
particular initiative. In addition, we discuss the use of those terms within the context
of benefits to ?people and nature?, namely activities that include economic, social and
environmental outcomes and the variability therein. Clear definition of terms and
related activities in a burgeoning field can minimize semantic confusion while improving
opportunities to craft robust policy guidelines and improve stakeholder understanding
and practice of aquaculture activities
Fish disease prevention via microbial dysbiosis-associated biomarkers in aquaculture
No full textInfectious diseases are a major burden in aquaculture, and represent a significant
yield-limiting factor in production that is costly to manage as well as a potential vector
for zoonoses. Over the past decades, a range of new diseases have emerged,
alongside increased levels of antibiotic resistance, thus heightening the need for
improved disease management methods supportive of the One Health concept.
Simultaneously, recent advances in Next-Generation Sequencing have increasingly
elucidated the role of the microbiome in regulating metabolism, immune function and
resilience. Such work has included a plethora of studies on the potential for the management
of pathogens through manipulation of the microbiome, as well as related
studies of the mechanisms behind host resilience. There is now an increasing robust
body of evidence recognizing the importance of a holistic framework in disease
aetiology between the host, its environment and colonizing microorganisms, with
perturbation increasingly associated with specific dysbiotic states and disease outcomes.
Elucidating disease aetiology is a preliminary step towards the development
of new prevention methods, with the main goal being early identification of
dysbiosis-associated biomarkers prior to any physical signs of the disease. While
acknowledging the challenges associated with using key microbial taxa as biomarkers,
we review recent advances in the characterization of dysbiosis and associated microbiome
signatures in the context of disease development, with an emphasis on early
biomarkers for aquaculture disease prevention. Several promising strategies are suggested,
including the use of functional genes or metabolic pathways that are conserved
between microbial taxa as a potential proxy for homeostasis
Genomic selection and its research progress in aquaculture breeding
No full textSince its introduction in 2001, genomic selection (GS) has progressed rapidly. As a
research and application hot topic, GS has led to a revolution in the field of animal
and plant breeding. Thanks to its ability to overcome the shortcomings of traditional
breeding methods, GS has garnered increasing attention. Both theoretical and practical
breeding studies have revealed the higher accuracy of GS than that of traditional
breeding, which can accelerate genetic gain. In recent years, many GS studies have
been conducted on aquaculture species, which have shown that GS produces higher
prediction accuracy than traditional pedigree-based method. The present study
reviews the principles and processes, preconditions, advantages, analytical methods
and factors influencing GS as well as the progress of research in aquaculture into
these aspects. Furthermore, future directions of GS in aquaculture are also discussed,
which should expand its application to more aquaculture species
Molecular farming: Expanding the field of edible vaccines for sustainable fish aquaculture
No full textVaccines represent one of the most promising strategies for mitigating economic
losses imposed by infectious diseases to global aquaculture. While the majority of
commercial vaccines employ injection as the main route of delivery, a substantial
body of research explores other avenues for the stimulation of protective immunity.
Oral vaccines, representing the most favourable and convenient solution for the
aquaculture industry, have been at the forefront of scientific interest for the last couple
of decades. The orchestrated effort resulted in identifying the main roadblocks
on the path to an ideal edible vaccine and provided several ingenious solutions
improving the activation of immunity, ensuring the stability of administered antigens
and their uptake upon the passage through the stomach. In the presented review, we
describe advances in the available knowledge of the processes prerequisite for developing
protective mucosal vaccines and focus readers' attention on the untapped
potential of plant-based production systems in this effort. We propose that these
approaches not only meet production demands but also fulfil all requirements of an
oral vaccine, addressing all the obstacles, previously solved via separate strategies, in
one platform. Thus, combined with the available knowledge of molecular adjuvants
and produced for a fraction of the cost, plant-based production, so-called molecular
farming, is an ideal candidate for vaccine development, paving the road to sustainable
aquaculture
Effects of Global Warming on the Growth and Proliferation of Attached Sargassum horneri in the Aquaculture Area near Gouqi Island, China
No full textWith global warming, in recent years, golden tides have frequently occurred off the coasts
of China. Sargassum horneri, which attach to aquaculture rafts, can float and form small-scale golden
tides after falling off. Temperature will affect the growth and reproduction of algae. In order to explore
whether the temperature is the potential influence factor of the golden tide outbreak, in this study, the
effects of global warming on the growth and proliferation of S. horneri in the mussel aquaculture area
of Gouqi Island will be discussed. Samples of the macroalgae were collected monthly from August
2021 to July 2022 at various stages of its life cycle, and the relationship between algal growth and
temperature was analyzed based on the concept of effective accumulated temperature, combined
with the parameters of sea surface temperature, photosynthetic rate, growth rate, and growth cycle.
Based on the continuous temperature variation observed, the growth cycle could be divided into five
stages: the decreasing temperature period (October to November), the low-temperature adaptation
period (December), the second suitable low-temperature period (January to February), and the hightemperature
decay period (February to May). The effective accumulated temperature stored by S.
horneri from 2021 to 2022 was 2772.4 C d; compared with previous studies, it decreased by about
800 C d. The winter temperature in 2022 was higher than the average temperature in the previous
5 years, allowing the macroalgae to enter the reproductive period in advance. This had a significant
impact on the blooming time of golden tides and led to an earlier outbreak and extinction. Therefore,
in the future, we can set up a monitoring system for the early warning of golden tides according to
the change of SST in winter