Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

Faculty STEM

ASB1132  CONFIDENTIAL 
                                                                                                           SULIT 
 
 
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU 
 
FINAL EXAMINATION 
PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR 
 
SHORT SEMESTER 2021/2022 SESSION (STEM FOUNDATION PROGRAMME) 
SEMESTER PENDEK SESI 2021/2022 (ASASI STEM) 
 
   
COURSE 
KURSUS 
: 
 
BIOLOGY III 
BIOLOGI III 
   
CODE 
KOD  
: 
 
ASB1132 
   
DATE 
TARIKH 
: 
 
6TH JULY 2022 (WEDNESDAY) 
6 JULAI 2022 (RABU) 
   
VENUE 
TEMPAT 
: DEWAN SULTAN MIZAN 
   
TIME 
MASA  
: 9.00 – 11.00 AM 
9.00 – 11.00 PAGI 
   
 
MATRIC NO. 
NO. MATRIK 
: 
 
 
______________________________________ 
 
PROGRAMME 
NAMA PROGRAM 
 
SEAT NO. 
NO. MEJA 
 
: 
 
 
: 
 
 
 
______________________________________ 
 
______________________________________ 
 
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 
ARAHAN KEPADA CALON 
 
i. Please answer ALL questions in Part A. For Part B, answer ONE (1) question ONLY. 
Sila jawab SEMUA soalan di Bahagian A. Untuk Bahagian B, jawab SATU (1) soalan SAHAJA. 
 
ii. Answer all questions in the answer booklet. 
Sila jawab semua soalan di buku jawapan yang disediakan 
 
 
 
DO NOT OPEN THE QUESTION PAPER UNTIL INSTRUCTED. 
JANGAN BUKA BUKU SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU. 
 
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF SIX (6) PRINTED PAGES. 
KERTAS SOALAN INI MENGANDUNGI ENAM (6) MUKA SURAT BERCETAK. 
ASB1132  CONFIDENTIAL 
                                                                                                           SULIT 
 
 
 
PART A/ BAHAGIAN A (20 marks/20 markah) 
 
Answer ALL of the question below. 
Jawab SEMUA soalan di bawah 
 
 
1. Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. This is partially caused by the 
mutation in CLN1 and CLN2 gene, autosomal recessive allele. 
To study about the colon cancer, genetically modified mice containing the recessive human 
allele cln1 and cln2 have been produced. These mice are known as CL mice and are used 
as mouse models of colon cancer’s disease. 
Kanser usus merupakan salah satu kanser yang biasa dijumpai seluruh dunia. 
Sebahagiannya disebabkan oleh 2angka pada gen CLN1 dan CLN2, alel resesif autosomal 
 
Untuk mengkaji tentang kanser usus, tikus yang diubahsuai secara 2angkah yang 
mengandungi alel resesif cln1 dan cln2 manusia telah dihasilkan. Tikus-tikus ini dikenali 
sebagai tikus CL dan digunakan sebagai model tikus untuk penyakit kanser usus. 
 
a. Describe the steps that are needed to produce the genetically modified CL mice (5 marks) 
 
Jelaskan 2angkah-langkah yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan tikus CL yang 
diubahsuai (5 markah). 
 
b. Why it is useful to have an animal model of a human disease? (1 mark) 
 
Kenapakah model haiwan berguna untuk mengkaji penyakit manusia? (1 markah) 
 
c. Researcher wanted to know if changes in gene expression were important in the CL mice 
to grow healthy. Groups 1 (normal mice) and Group 2 (CL mice) received proper test to 
assess their health. The mice were divided into groups and had their Mrna extracted from 
their colon tissue. Reverse transcription of the Mrna of individuals in each group was 
carried out and later labelled with fluorescent nucleotide. This was then used for DNA 
microarray analysis. 
 
Para penyelidik ingin tahu sekiranya terdapat perubahan pada ekspresi gen adalah 
penting bagi tikus CL untuk membesar dengan sihat. Kumpulan 1 (tikus normal) dan 
Kumpulan 2 (tikus CL) menerima ujian untuk menguji tahap kesihatan. Tikus-tikus itu 
diletakkan dalam dua kumpulan dan sampel Mrna diambil daripada tisu usus. Transkripsi 
songsang pada Mrna individu pada setiap kumpulan dijalankan dilabel dengan nukleotida 
pendaflour. Ini seterusnya akan digunakan untuk analisis mikrotatasusunan DNA.  
 
 
Explain the principles of this type of DNA microarray analysis (3 marks) 
 
Terangkan prinsip analisis mikrotatasusunan DNA (3 markah).  
2/6 
ASB1132  CONFIDENTIAL 
                                                                                                           SULIT 
2. Horseshoe crabs are one of the living fossil animals. To date, there are only four (4) extant 
species of horseshoe crabs with three (3) of them are available in Malaysia. Horseshoe crabs 
live either at coastal or mangrove areas. They feed on worms and small invertebrates. 
 
Figure 1 below shows a tri-spine horseshoe crab species,Tachypleus tridentatus. 
 
Belangkas merupakan salah satu haiwan fosil hidup purba. Sehingga hari ini, terdapat hanya 
empat (4) spesies belangkas yang masih ada dan tiga (3) daripadanya boleh didapati di 
Malaysia. Belangkas hidup sama ada di perairan pantai atau paya bakau. Mereka makan 
cacing dan juga invertebrata kecil. 
 
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu spesies belangkas tiga duri, Tachypleus tridentatus. 
 
 
Figure 1 
Rajah 1 
 
a. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is the world’s largest global 
environmental organization. The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM evaluates the 
conservation status of plant and animal species. T. tridentatus is categorized as 
endangered on the IUCN Red List, which means that it faces a very high risk of becoming 
extinct. 
 
Persatuan Konservasi Alam Antarabangsa (IUCN) merupakan organisasi alam sekitar global 
terbesar. Senarai Merah IUCN bagi Haiwan Terancam telah menilai status konservasi 
spesies tumbuh-tumbuhan dan juga haiwan. T.tridentatus dikategorikan sebagai terancam 
oleh Senarai Merah IUCN, bermaksud ia berdepan dengan risiko kepupusan yang sangat 
tinggi. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3/6 
  
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                                                                                                           SULIT 
 
i. Classify the domain to which the T. tridentatus belongs (1 mark) 
 
Klasifikasikan domain di mana T.tridentatus tergolong (1 markah) 
 
ii. Give one (1) reason why T. tridentatus have become endangered (1 mark) 
 
Berikan satu (1) sebab kenapa T.tridentatus diancam kepupusan (1 markah) 
 
 
iii. Suggest three (3) ways in which conservation centres may help to protect this species 
from extinction threats (3 marks) 
 
Cadangkan tiga (3) cara bagi pusat konservasi untuk membantu dalam melindungi 
spesies ini daripada ancaman kepupusan (3 markah) 
 
b. There are two main T. tridentatus population in Borneo, one in the north and one in the 
south. 
 
Figure 2 is the map of Borneo showing the location of the two populations 
 
Terdapat dua populasi utama T.tridentatus di Borneo, di mana satu populasi terletak di 
bahagian utara manakala satu populasi berada di bahagian selatan. 
 
Rajah 2 merupakan peta Borneo yang menunjukkan lokasi dua populasi tersebut.  
 
 
Figure 2 
Rajah 2 
 
A study was done on the variation in the DNA nucleotide sequence of T. tridentatus. It 
showed that there is a large genetic difference between the north and south populations. 
The two populations of T. tridentatus may be evolving into two separate species 
4/6 
 
North 
population 
South 
population 
ASB1132  CONFIDENTIAL 
                                                                                                           SULIT 
Satu kajian dijalankan untuk melihat variasi yang ada pada jujukan nukleotida DNA T. 
tridentatus. Kajian ini telah menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan genetik yang besar di antara 
populasi utara dan selatan. Kedua-dua populasi T.tridentatus berkemungkinan berevolusi 
menjadi dua spesies yang berasingan. 
 
i. Based on Figure 2 suggest why there is a large genetic difference between the two 
populations (4 marks) 
 
Berdasarkan Rajah 2, cadangkan sebab kenapa terdapat perbezaan genetik yang 
besar di antara dua populasi tersebut (4 markah). 
 
 
ii. Predict the type of speciation that may be occurring and why (2 marks) 
 
Jangkakan jenis spesiasi yang mungkin berlaku dan nyatakan sebab (2 markah)  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5/6 
  
ASB1132  CONFIDENTIAL 
                                                                                                           SULIT 
 
PART B (15 marks) 
BAHAGIAN B (15 markah) 
 
Answer ONLY one (1) question in this part. 
Jawab HANYA satu (1) soalan di bahagian ini. 
 
3. 
a. Suggest the role of seed banks in the protection of endangered species (9 marks) 
 
Cadangkan peranan bank benih dalam melindungi spesies-spesies yang terancam (9 
markah) 
 
b. Successful conservation leads to over population. Suggest how to overcome this problem 
(6 marks) 
 
Program pemuliharaan yang berjaya telah mengakibatkan populasi melimpah. Cadangkan 
cara untuk mengatasi masalah ini (6 markah) 
 
 
 
 
4. 
 
a. Suggest the role of botanic gardens in the protection of endangered species (9 marks) 
 
Cadangkan peranan-peranan taman botani dalam melindungi species-species terancam 
(9 markah) 
 
 
b. Discuss the use of assisted reproduction technique in the conservation of endangered 
mammal species. (6 marks) 
 
Bincangkan fungsi-fungsi teknik pembiakan dibantu dalam memulihara spesies mamalia 
yang terancam. (6 markah) 
 
 
END OF QUESTION PAPER 
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT 
 
 
 
 
6/6 


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