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STUDY ON FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLEN PROTEIN CONTENT COLLECTED FROM STINGLESS BEES AT TAMAN PERTANIAN SEKAYU, TERENGGANU
Get PDFMicrobe-assisted seedling crop improvement by a seaweed extract to address fucalean forest restoration
No full textIn the Mediterranean, Cystoseira sensu lato (s.l.) (Phaeophyceae) forests have
sharply declined and restoration measures are needed to compensate for the
loss. Assisted regeneration through the outplanting of seedlings grown ex-situ
has proven to be a sustainable option. Optimizing mesocosm culture can
maximize survival of the most critical embryonic stages and reduce long-term
maintenance costs. Host-microbiome interactions could also play a crucial role
in seedling development and welfare. In this context, we aimed to advance a
cultivation protocol that stimulates the growth and fitness of Ericaria amentacea
(Phaeophyceae) seedlings and identify the associated microbial biofilm
communities. Seedlings were cultured in 6 treatments [i.e., filtered seawater
(SW, C, Control), von Stoch-enriched SW (VS), VS + algal extract (VSA), algal
extract-enriched SW: A1< A2< A3]. After the field, A2 seedlings had the highest
cover (1372 ? 53.66 mm2), which was 1.8 and 1.9 times greater than in VS and
VSA, respectively. The addition of the algal extract and nutrients significantly
affected the structure and composition of the microbial community that shifted
over time in each culture medium. We identified a treatment-specific microbial
fingerprint. After the mesocosm phase, A2 was characterized by 4 unique taxa:
Postechiella, Winogradskyella, Roseovarius and Arenibacter (Bacteria). Given the
success of A2 seedlings, we propose the probiotic consortia candidates
characterized by the unique treatment-taxa in conjunction with the shared
taxon Psychroserpens (Bacteria, present in A1, A2, VSA, VS) and the reminder
community. Within the holobiont concept, the effect of algal extract or nutrients
on the algae and/or biofilm could have important consequences for tuning the
overall interaction networks. Our study has shown that macroalgal restoration
could benefit from both the use of commercial algal extract and tailored nutrient
enrichment in ex-situ cultures and the identification of probiotic consortia
candidates that promote seedling growth
Experimental study on the effect of sound stimulation on hearing and behavior of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)
No full textAssessing the potential impacts of wind farm noise on fish is a crucial aspect of
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies. There is increasing evidence of
disturbances and effects on hearing and behavior in animals. The black rockfish
(Sebastes schlegelii) is a commercially valuable rocky reef fish native to East Asia.
However, empirical studies that measure the actual consequences are lacking. In
this study, we used auditory evoked potentials (AEP) to assess the effects of
dominant frequency noise emitted by offshore wind farms on the auditory
sensitivity, hearing threshold, swimming, and feeding behavior of juvenile black
rockfish. The experimental findings revealed that the most sensitive sound
frequency was 200 Hz, with the lowest hearing threshold recorded at 86.4 ?
3.4 dB re 1 mPa. Following 3 and 7 days of exposure to 200 Hz noise at 110 dB,
threshold shifts in black rockfish reached 19.0 dB and 13.3 dB, respectively.
During the subsequent recovery phase, these shifts decreased to approximately
9.8 dB after 3 days, respectively. The noise-exposed group exhibited higher
swimming duration, moving distance, and caudal fin swing frequency compared
to the control group without noise exposure. Furthermore, noise prolonged the
feeding rate of black rockfish. Our findings provide the first evidence of noiseinduced
temporary threshold shift and behavioral disturbances in juvenile black
rockfish, implying potential fitness consequences associated with
noise pollutant
eDNA metabarcoding vs metagenomics: an assessment of dietary competition in two estuarine pipe?shes
No full textUnderstanding the dietary preferences of endangered species can be useful in implementing conservation strategies, including habitat restoration, translocation, and captive breeding. Environmental DNA (eDNA) from feces provides a non-invasive method for analysing animal diets. Currently, metabarcoding, a PCR-based approach, is the method of choice for analysing such data. However, this method has limitations, speci?cally PCR bias, which can result in the overestimation of the importance of certain taxa and failure to detect other taxa because they do not amplify. The present study compared metabarcoding with metagenomics, a PCR-free method, to assess the diversity of prey items in the feces of a critically endangered South African estuarine pipe?sh, Syngnathus watermeyeri, and its widely distributed congener S. temminckii to investigate potential dietary competition. The metabarcoding results showed a distinct difference between the diets of S. watermeyeri and S. temminckii, with the former mainly consuming calanoid copepods and the latter preferring caridean shrimp. In each case, a single species dominated the sequences generated by metabarcoding. Metagenomics produced more species identi?cations, and although the same trend was found regarding the preference of S. watermeyeri for copepods and that of S. temminckii for shrimp, this approach identi?ed additional, albeit yet unidenti?ed, copepod species as being important in the diet of S. watermeyeri. We conclude that the lower number of species identi?ed using metabarcoding was most likely a result of ampli?cation bias, resulting in key copepod species missing from the dietary analysis. These ?ndings suggest that metagenomics is not only a useful complementary method for molecular dietary analysis, but may in some cases outperform metabarcoding. However, metagenomics is even more strongly affected by the lack of reference sequences than is metabarcoding, as the majority of sequences originate from genomic regions that have not yet been sequenced for the putative prey species in question
PERILAKU LUMBA-LUMBA IRRAWADDY (Orcaella brevirostris) DI PERMUKAAN AIR DI TELUK BRUNEI, BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
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