Agencia Estatal de Meteorología

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    16065 research outputs found

    Otros mundos: Spitzer, Kepler, HARPS, HST, JWST

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    Un exoplaneta es cualquier planeta situado más allá de nuestro Sistema Solar, orbitando alrededor de otras estrellas la mayoría de ellos, aunque algunos exoplanetas "flotan" libremente y no están ligados a ninguna estrella, en este caso se les denomina planetas interestelares o errantes. En el momento de escribir estas líneas el número de exoplanetas confirmados alcanza la cifra de 5933, correspondientes a 4565 sistemas planetarios, aunque los científicos estiman en miles de millones el número de ellos existente en el Cosmos. La mayoría de los exoplanetas descubiertos hasta ahora se encuentran en una región relativamente pequeña de nuestra galaxia, la Vía Láctea ("pequeña" significa a miles de años-luz de nuestro Sistema Solar, remarcando que la luz viaja por el espacio a 300 000 km/s). Incluso el exoplaneta conocido más cercano a la Tierra, Próxima Centauri b, se encuentra a unos 4 años-luz. Gracias al telescopio espacial Kepler de la NASA, sabemos que hay más planetas que estrellas en la Galaxia. Nuestra galaxia, la Vía Láctea, es la espesa corriente de estrellas que atraviesa el cielo en las noches más claras, su espiral contiene al menos 100 000 millones de estrellas, entre ellas nuestro Sol. Si cada una de esas estrellas tiene no sólo un planeta, sino todo un sistema planetario como el Sistema Solar, entonces el número de planetas en la galaxia es realmente astronómico: ya hablamos de trillones. Es cierto que encontraremos estrellas solitarias, sin planetas, pero incluso sin contabilizarlos, la cifra de sistemas planetarios es abrumadora, probablemente de billones de exoplanetas, aunque encontrarlos no es fácil. Todavía no hemos encontrado ningún planeta similar al nuestro fuera del Sistema Solar, y mucho menos con señales claras de que pueda albergar vida como la nuestra. Hasta ahora, nuestro hogar es único en el universo. Hemos encontrado muchos exoplanetas rocosos del tamaño de la Tierra, algunos de los cuales se encuentran en las zonas habitables de sus estrellas, y estamos en el siguiente paso, que es analizar sus atmósferas en busca de moléculas «biofirmas», que puedan ser un indicio fuerte de la presencia de vida

    Análisis meteorológico de la situación de lluvias intensas del 29 de octubre de 2024 en la provincia de Valencia

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    El 29 de octubre de 2024 se produjo un acontecimiento meteorológico extraordinario en la provincia de Valencia. La intensidad de las precipitaciones fue de tal magnitud que se batieron ampliamente los récords de todos los intervalos de acumulados en territorio español entre una y doce horas. En este artículo se presenta una descripción sinóptica de las estructuras dinámicas atmosféricas, las precipitaciones registradas y los principales elementos que provocaron que se desencadenara y, posteriormente, se desarrollara la convección profunda. También se describe desde el punto de vista del radar la estructura del sistema convectivo que se formó durante la tarde en la zona interior prelitoral de la provincia de Valencia

    “Godzilla” the Extreme African Dust Event of June 2020: Origins, Transport, and Impact on Air Quality in the Greater Caribbean Basin

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    In June 2020, the tropical Atlantic and the Caribbean Basin were affected by a series of African dust outbreaks unprecedented in size and intensity. These events, informally named “Godzilla,” coincided with CALIMA, a large field campaign, offering a rare opportunity to assess the impact of African dust on air quality in the Greater Caribbean Basin. Network measurements of respirable particles (i.e., PM10 and PM2.5) showed that dust significantly degraded regional air quality and increased the risk to public health in the Caribbean, the southern United States, northern South America, and Central America. CALIMA examined the meteorological context of Godzilla dust events over North Africa and how these conditions might relate to the greatly increased dust emissions and enhanced transport to the Americas. Godzilla was linked to strong pressure anomalies over West Africa, resulting in a large-scale geostrophic wind anomaly at 700 hPa over North Africa. We used surface-based and columnar measurements to test the performance of two frequently used aerosol forecast models: the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) and Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) models. The models showed some skills but differed substantially between their forecasts, suggesting large uncertainties in these forecasts that are critical for issuing early warnings of health-threatening dust events. Our results demonstrate the value of an integrated approach in characterizing the spatial and temporal variability of African dust transport and assessing its impact on regional air quality. Future studies are needed to improve models and to track the long-term changes in dust transport from Africa under a changing climate.This work was supported by the NASA ROSES Applied Science, Health, and Air Quality Program Grant 80NSSC19K0194 and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER), and Atmospheric System Research Program under Contract DE-SC0012704. The CALIMA project acknowledges the support of the NOAA National Weather Service—San Juan Office for the daily weather forecasts. E. A. was supported by the NOAA cooperative agreement with the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES; Grant NA22OAR4320151). P. R. C. is supported by the NASA Chemistry Climate Modeling work package supported by the Modeling and Analysis Program (PM: D. Considine) and by a NASA Weather Research and Atmospheric Dynamics grant (PI: E. Nowottnick). H. Y. was supported by the NASA CALIPSO/CloudSat Science Team program. L. D.’s support under Subcontract 1474871 with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the California Institute of Technology, is gratefully acknowledged. The group from the UNAM acknowledges the support of the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología and the Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico through Grants FC-2164 and PAPIIT IN111120, respectively. We also thank the University Network of Atmospheric Observatories (RUOA) for the MEDA ground-based data. L. A. L. acknowledges support from Maximizing Access to Research Careers (MARC) Grant 5T34GM007821-40S1 and NSF CAREER Grant AGS-1944958. P. Z. acknowledges support from NOAA OAR CPO Grant NA19OAR4310379. This research was supported by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science user facility managed by the Biological and Environmental Research program. Specifically, we thank ARM for the loan of the SeaTainer through the project

    Quantifying CO emissions from boreal wildfires by assimilating TROPOMI and TCCON observations

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    We perform a global inverse modelling analysis to quantify biomass burning emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) from the extreme wildfires in Canada between May and September 2023. Using the GEOS-Chem model, we assimilated observations at 3 d temporal and 2° × 2.5° horizontal resolution from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) separately and then jointly with Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) measurements. We also evaluated prior emissions from the Quick Fire Emissions Dataset (QFED), Blended Global Biomass Burning Emissions Product eXtended (GBBEPx), Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS), and Canadian Forest Fire Emissions Prediction System (CFFEPS). The assimilation of TROPOMI-only measurements estimated posterior North America emissions for QFED, GBBEPx, GFAS, and CFFEPS of 110.4 ± 20, 112.8 ± 20, 127.2 ± 17, and 125.6 ± 18 Tg CO compared to prior estimates of 37.1, 42.7, 91.0, and 90.2 Tg CO, respectively. The joint assimilation of TROPOMI+TCCON reduced the posterior 1σ uncertainty on the North American emission estimates by up to about 30 %, while showing only a modest impact (<5 %) on the mean estimate of the inferred emissions. An evaluation against independent measurements reveals that adding TCCON data increases the correlations and slightly lowers the biases and standard deviations. Additionally, including an experimental TCCON product at East Trout Lake with higher surface sensitivity, we find better agreement of the assimilation results with nearby in situ tall tower and aircraft measurements. This highlights the potential importance of vertical sensitivity in these experimental data for constraining local surface emissions. Our results demonstrate the complementarity of the greater temporal coverage provided by TCCON with the spatial coverage of TROPOMI when these data are jointly assimilated.Funding was also provided by the NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory through Contract 1305M323PNRMJ0742

    Engelamiento: la invención de una palabra aeronáutica

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    Engelamiento es un neologismo ideado por los meteorólogos José María Lorente Pérez y Pío Pita Suárez-Cobián. Aun tratándose de una palabra tan extendida en la literatura y que invoca a un fenómeno meteorológico de capital importancia para los usuarios aeronáuticos, hasta la fecha no ha logrado su incorporación en el Diccionario de la Real Academia

    Balance hídrico nacional. Número 19/2025

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    Balance hídrico correspondiente al 10 de julio de 2025

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