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Borrasca Martinho
No full textMartinho fue la decimotercera borrasca de gran impacto de la temporada 2024-2025, nombrada por el IPMA (Instituto Portugués del Mar y de la Atmósfera) el 18 de marzo de 2025 a las 00:00 UTC. En los avisos posteriores a su nombramiento se informaba de que el centro de la borrasca se situaría, aproximadamente, a 750 km al este de las islas Azores a las 12:00 del día 19. Se esperaban lluvias localmente fuertes, rachas de viento intensas y temporal marítimo. En España, los efectos de Martinho tuvieron lugar desde el miércoles 19 hasta el domingo 23 de marzo. Se registraron lluvias abundantes y rachas de viento huracanadas en diferentes zonas de nuestro territorio. Las regiones más afectadas fueron Castilla-La Mancha y Castilla y León, donde el temporal provocó importantes inundaciones
Chronological Study of Precipitation Volumes in the Sub-basins of the Rambla de Poyo during the October 29, 2024 Event
No full text[ES] Se reconstruye la precipitación horaria y se analiza su volumen en las subcuencas de la rambla de Poyo y del barranco de la Saleta. Se aplica una metodología de reconstrucción de retículas de precipitación a partir de la interpolación geoestadística de datos de todas las redes de observatorios existentes. Se calculan valores desagregados de volumen de precipitación a escala temporal horaria y a escala espacial de las principales subcuencas de la rambla. Esta precipitación llega a tener hasta tres fases diferenciadas. Destaca la gran importancia de los aportes de la parte de la cuenca no aforada, en particular los del barranco de Gallego y del barranco de l’Horteta. Estos datos, en su conjunto muestran que se trata de un episodio excepcional en las intensidades horarias, pero no tanto en los volúmenes totales ni en los máximos diarios, si lo comparamos con episodios históricos de toda la provincia de Valencia y del arco N del Mediterráneo occidental, ya que en esta ocasión el temporal estuvo muy focalizado en las cuencas del Poyo y del Magro y un sector del Turia, y no afectó a la zona litoral. La aportación del agua no aforada es importante, en especial, en la segunda fase de riada de la rambla de Poyo, la más crítica. Los volúmenes aportados por la parte no aforada de la rambla en esta segunda fase son equivalentes en magnitud a los aportados por las subcuencas de aguas arriba del único aforo existente.[EN] Hourly precipitation is reconstructed and its volume analyzed in the subbasins of Rambla de Poyo and Barranco de la Saleta. A methodology is applied to reconstruct precipitation grids based on geostatistical interpolation of data from all existing observational networks.
Disaggregated precipitation volume values are calculated at an hourly time scale and at the spatial scale of the main drainage sub-basins of the Rambla. This precipitation resulted in up to three distinct phases. Remarkably, the contributions from the ungauged parts of the basin are of great importance, specially those from Barranco de Gallego and Barranc de l’Horteta. Taken together, these data show that this is an exceptional event in terms of hourly intensities, though not as much in terms of total volumes or daily maxima when compared to historical events across the province of Valencia and the northern sector of the western Mediterranean arc. This is because, in this case, the storm was highly focused in the Poyo and Magro drainage basins and a section of the Turia drainage basin, not affecting the coastal zone. The contribution of ungauged
water is significant, especially during the second flood phase of Rambla de Poyo, which was the most critical.
The volumes contributed by the ungauged part of the Rambla during this second phase are comparable in magnitude to those contributed by the drainage sub-basins located upstream of the only existing gauge
Borrasca Nuria
No full textNuria fue la decimocuarta borrasca de gran impacto de la temporada 2024-2025, nombrada por la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología el 1 de abril de 2025 a las 11:15 UTC. La borrasca afectó a las islas Canarias durante el jueves 3 de abril, y a la península ibérica y las islas Baleares el viernes 4. Se registraron rachas de viento muy fuertes y lluvias significativas. La regiones más afectadas fueron Canarias y Andalucía. En esta última, la convección asociada al temporal dejó tres víctimas mortales e inundaciones en varios puntos
Evaluation of the uncertainty of the spectral UV irradiance measured by double- and single-monochromator Brewer spectrophotometers
No full textBrewer instruments are robust, widely used instruments that have been monitoring global solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance since the 1990s, playing a key role in UV research. Unfortunately, the uncertainties of these measurements are rarely evaluated due to the difficulties involved in characterising the instruments. This evaluation is essential to determine the quality of the measurements as well as their comparability to other datasets. In this study, eight double- and two single-monochromator Brewers are characterised, and the uncertainty of their global UV measurements is estimated using the Monte Carlo method. This methodology is selected because it provides reliable uncertainty estimations and considers the nonlinearity of certain steps in the UV processing algorithm. The combined standard uncertainty depends on the Brewer instrument, varying between 2.5 % and 4 % between 310 and 350 nm. These uncertainties arise primarily from radiometric stability, cosine correction, and the uncertainty of the lamp used during calibration. At shorter wavelengths, the differences between single- and double-monochromator Brewers increase. For example, at 296 nm and a solar zenith angle (SZA) of 40°, the relative uncertainties of single Brewers range between 11 % and 23 %, whereas double Brewers have uncertainties of 3 %–5 %. As the measured wavelength decreases, the correction of stray light (for single Brewers), dark counts, and noise become the dominant sources of uncertainty. These results indicate that the accuracy of fully characterised double Brewers is sufficient for biological studies and trend detection, whereas single Brewers might be limited to wavelengths and SZAs below 305 nm and 70°, respectively.This work is part of the PID2023-149390OB-C21 and PID2023-149390OB-C22 R+D+I projects, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and “ERDF A Way of Doing Europe”
Evaluation of CMORPH V1.0, IMERG V07A and MSWEP V2.8 Satellite Precipitation Products over Peninsular Spain and the Balearic Islands
No full textClimate change is altering the global distribution of precipitation, especially in Mediterranean areas with heterogeneous climates. The spatiotemporal variability of precipitation complicates its monitoring. Satellite-derived precipitation products (SPPs) usually offer global continuous coverage at daily scale; however, their coarse spatial resolution and indirect measurement introduce relevant bias. We analysed the suitability of CMORPH V1.0, IMERG V07A and MSWEP V2.8 across Peninsular Spain and Balearic Islands using Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET) gauge data as reference, and investigated performance dependence on seasonality, precipitation intensity, altitude and orography. CMORPH is not recommended and MSWEP is preferable over IMERG, although MSWEP performs worse for lighter intensities and summer. IMERG and MSWEP show mainly Correlation Coefficient (CC) and Probability of Detection (POD) >67%, and False Alarm Ratio (FAR) >30% (vice versa for CMORPH). All products overestimate with lower frequency but greater magnitude (at least twice the reference value). Monthly performance is better than daily, but with increased underestimation. Performance for spring and autumn is similar to overall performance, while summer presents the most divergent patterns. For heavier intensities, all products improve their correlation with reference data and their detection capabilities, but also increase their underestimation rate and magnitude. Worst performance occurs in those regions with simultaneously higher orographical complexity, annual precipitation and altitude. These SPPs should be used with caution, and we recommend first analysing their performance on the specific application of interest.This research was conducted within the framework of the Spanish national research project Tool4Extreme PID2020-118797RB-I00, supported by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and within the project PROMETEO/2021/016, supported by Generalitat Valenciana. A. García-Ten was hired within the program of research support staff funded by Generalitat Valenciana and the European Social fund (INVEST/2022/52), and later through a FPU grant funded by Ministerio de Universidades (FPU/22/02807)