University of Padua

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    Charge reconstruction from photomultiplier signals for the JUNO experiment

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    Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China. It will have 20 ktons of highly transparent liquid scintillator contained in an acrylic sphere surrounded by 18000 20" PMTs and 25000 3" PMTs, providing an energy resolution better than 3\% at 1 MeV. JUNO is expected to be able to resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy, significantly improve accuracy of the solar oscillation parameters and make a significant impact on other neutrino physics domains. The amount of light emitted in the liquid scintillator is proportional to the deposited energy. The light is transformed into photoelectrons which are amplified and measured by the PMTs. In order to characterize and optimize the electronic system response of PMTs, a small JUNO mock-up has been constructed at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) and calibration operations are ongoing. In this thesis, a procedure for the charge reconstruction from PMTs signals has been developed and tested reconstructing data from a 137 Cs source. Afterwards, single photon measurements from a LED source have be studied and the reconstructed charge spectrum has enabled further studies on PMT gain calculations. Finally, in order to select the same gain for all PMTs, an analysis of the gain as a function of the PMT bias voltage of the PMT has been performed and detailed results are presented in this thesis

    Moduli space of pointed stable rational curves

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    [1] Enrico Arbarello, Maurizio Cornalba, and Phillip A. Griffiths.Geometry ofalgebraic curves. Volume II. With a contribution by Joseph Daniel Harris. En-glish. Vol. 268. Berlin: Springer, 2011, pp. xxii + 928.isbn: 978-3-540-42688-2;978-3-540-69392-5.doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69392-5. [2] Jan Arthur Christophersen and Kristian Ranestad, eds.Geometry of moduli.Proceedings of the Abel symposium, Svinøya Rorbuer, Svolvær, Norway, August7–11, 2017. English. Vol. 14. Cham: Springer, 2018, pp. ix + 326.isbn: 978-3-319-94880-5/hbk; 978-3-319-94881-2/ebook.url:https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-94881-2. [3]Pierre Deligne and D. Mumford.The irreducibility of the space of curves of agiven genus. Russian. Matematika, Moskva 16, No. 3, 13-53 (1972). 1972. [4]Andreas Gathmann.algebraic geometry. Class notes. TU Kaiserslautern, 2021.url:https://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~gathmann/class/alggeom-2019/alggeom-2019.pdf. (accessed: 09/07/2021). [5] Alexander Grothendieck, M. Raynaud, and D. S. Rim.Séminaire de GéométrieAlgébrique Du Bois-Marie 1967–1969. Groupes de monodromie en géométriealgébrique (SGA 7 I). Dirigé par A. Grothendieck avec la collaboration de M.Raynaud et D. S. Rim. Exposés I, II, VI, VII, VIII, IX. French. Vol. 288.Springer, Cham, 1972.doi:10.1007/BFb0068688. [6]Joe Harris and Ian Morrison.Moduli of curves. English. Vol. 187. New York,NY: Springer, 1998, pp. xiii + 366.isbn: 0-387-98438-0/hbk. [7]Robin Hartshorne.Algebraic geometry. Corr. 3rd printing. English. Vol. 52.Springer, New York, NY, 1983, pp. xvi + 496.url:https://books.google.cm/books?id=3rtX9t-nnvwC&hl=fr.[8] Robin Hartshorne.Deformation theory. English. Vol. 257. Berlin: Springer,2010, pp. vi + 234.isbn: 978-1-4419-1595-5; 978-1-4419-1596-2.doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1596-2. [9]M. M. Kapranov. “Veronese curves and Grothendieck-Knudsen moduli spaceM0,n”. English. In:J. Algebr. Geom.2.2 (1993), pp. 239–262.issn: 1056-3911;1534-7486/e. [10]Maxim E. Kazaryan, Sergei K. Lando, and Victor Prasolov.Algebraic curves.Towards moduli spaces. Translated from the Russian by Natalia Tsilevich. En-glish. Vol. 2. Cham: Springer, 2018, pp. xiv + 231.isbn: 978-3-030-02942-5/hbk;978-3-030-02943-2/ebook.url:https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-02943-2. [11]Sean Keel. “Intersection theory of moduli space of stablen-pointed curves ofgenus zero”. English. In:Trans. Am. Math. Soc.330.2 (1992), pp. 545–574.issn:0002-9947; 1088-6850/e.url:https://www.jstor.org/stable/2153922?origin=crossref. 12]Joachim Kock and Israel Vainsencher.An invitation to quantum cohomology.Kontsevich’s formula for rational plane curves. English. Vol. 249. Basel: Birkhäuser,2007, pp. xii + 159.isbn: 0-8176-4456-3/hbk; 0-8176-4495-4/ebook 92Bibliography [13]Maxim Kontsevich. “Intersection theory on the moduli space of curves andthe matrix Airy function”. English. In:Commun. Math. Phys.147.1 (1992),pp. 1–23.issn: 0010-3616; 1432-0916/e.url:https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02099526. [14]Todd Liebenschutz-Jones. “The Moduli Space of Curves, with Applicationsto Enumerative Geometry”. In:Dissertation 51 (2017).url:https://www.toddljones.me/assets/files/moduli-space-of-curves.pdf. (accessed:09/07/2021). [15]D. Mumford.Picard groups of moduli problems. English. Arithmetical algebraicGeom., Proc. Conf. Purdue Univ. 1963, 33-81 (1965). 1965.url:http://www.mathcs.emory.edu/~brussel/mumford.html. [16 D. Mumford, J. Fogarty, and F. Kirwan.Geometric invariant theory. 3rd enl. ed.English. 3rd enl. ed. Vol. 34. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993, p. 320.isbn: 3-540-56963-4/hbk.url:https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783540569633. [17]Peter E. Newstead.Introduction to moduli problems and orbit spaces. Reprint ofthe 1978 original printed in new typeset. English. Reprint of the 1978 originalprinted in new typeset. Vol. 51. New Delhi: Narosa/published for the TataInstitute of Fundamental Research, 2012, pp. x + 153.isbn: 978-81-8487-162-3/pbk. [18]B. Riemann. “Theorie der Abel’schen Functionen”. German. In:J. Reine Angew.Math.54 (1857), pp. 115–155.issn: 0075-4102; 1435-5345/e. [19]Johannes Schmitt.The moduli space of curves. Lecture note. University of Bonn,2020.url:http://www.math.uni-bonn.de/~schmitt/ModCurves/Script.pdf. (accessed: 09/07/2021). [20]Igor R. Shafarevich.Basic algebraic geometry. 2: Schemes and complex mani-folds. Transl. from the Russian by Miles Reid. 3rd ed. English. 3rd ed. Berlin:Springer, 2013, pp. xiv + 262.isbn: 978-3-642-38009-9/hbk; 978-3-642-38010-5/ebook.url:https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-642-38010-5. [21]Joseph H. Silverman.The arithmetic of elliptic curves. English. Vol. 106. Springer,New York, NY, 1986.url:https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9780387094939. [22]Orsola Tommasi.Geometry of discriminants and cohomology of moduli spaces.[Sl: sn], 2005.url:https : / / webdoc . ubn . ru . nl / mono / t / tommasi _ o /geomofdia.pdf. (accessed: 09/07/2021). [23]Orsola Tommasi. “The geometry of the moduli space of curves and abelian vari-eties”. English. In:Surveys on recent developments in algebraic geometry. Boot-camp for the 2015 summer research institute on algebraic geometry, Universityof Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, July 6–10, 2015. Providence, RI: AmericanMathematical Society (AMS), 2017, pp. 81–100.isbn: 978-1-4704-3557-8/hbk;978-1-4704-4121-0/ebook. [24]Ravi Vakil. “The rising sea: Foundations of algebraic geometry”. In:preprint(2017).url:http://math.stanford.edu/~vakil/216blog/FOAGnov1817public.pdf. (accessed: 09/07/2021). [25] ICHAEL A VAN OPSTALL.Open problems in compact Moduli spaces and birational geometry.url:https://aimath.org/WWN/birational/birational.pdf. (accessed: 09/07/2021). [26]T. E. Venkata Balaji.An introduction to families, deformations and moduli.English. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2010, pp. xxv + 208.isbn:978-3-941875-32-6.url:https : / / www . univerlag . uni - goettingen . de /bitstream/handle/3/isbn-978-3-941875-32-6/balaji.pdf?sequence=

    A quantum approach to LP-induced unique sink orientation problems

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    Studio di tre opere di Lisia. Text mining in greco antico

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    Geomorfologia e stratigrafia tardo-quaternaria dei fondali italiani tra Punta Tagliamento e Cortellazzo (Adriatico Settentrionale)

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    This work considers the north sector of the Adriatic Sea and investigates an area of circa 1200 km2 located between the Venice Lagoon and the Istrian Peninsula. In this area the maximum depth of the sea floor is less than 35 m and it has been investigated in detail for the beach nourishment of the Venetian coastline. The aim of this research is to improve the knowledge of the deposits that settled during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) when the coast of the Adriatic Sea was in the Mid Adriatic Depression (MAD). During that period the seafloor of the north sector of the Adriatic Sea that can be observed today was exposed to the subaerial conditions and was characterized by alluvial processes. For this purpose numerous seismo-acoustic profiles, obtained with the CHIRP technique, and two cores have been studied; these data were collected during two oceanographic cruises, VE04 and VE05, that were organised by CNR-ISMAR Bologna in July 2004 and May 2005 respectively. The initial part of the work consisted in the recognition of the main reflectors in a single CHIRP profile and then relating them to other profiles. To carry out this step, the use of a 2D/3D view was essential and that was provided by the software Move. Five units are present between the main reflectors, these are useful to find channels or other particular structures which can be related to channels, like bars or fluvial ridges. Then, using the programme SeisPhro, it was possible to pick points on the reflectors and, subsequently, recreate the surfaces made by the reflectors with the software ArcGis, a Geographic Information Sytem (GIS). The last step was to study the CHIRP profiles and to find some of the typical features of the signal that indicates the presence of fluvial channels. It has been possible to recognize four river channel belts and to observe that three of them follow the direction East-West and they are almost straight, while the last one presents an important curve. At the moment it is not possible to confirm if this last channel is related with one of the others or not, because the avaible radiocarbon datings made in the two cores can only suggest that they formed between LGM and 9.000 years ago, when the area was covered by the sea. The 14C dating was carried out on peat layers present in the cores and suggesting that the main reflectors formed slighty before and in the first part of the Last Glacial Maximum. The cores show an alternation of continental sand and peat horizons. As said previously it has been possible to recognize profiles that transversely intercept channels and this setting helps to observe and measure the width and depth of fluvial ridges and bars. A transgressive deposit has been also observed and it was recognized by the typical light CHIRP signal produced by this unit, as already highlighted in the geological sheet “Venezia” NL33-7 of the Geological Map of the Italian Seas at scale 1: 250.000. This work shows the importance and the potential of the high resolution seismo-acoustic profiles in understanding the processes that happened in the North Adriatic beetween 30.000 and 9000 years ago. Moreover this research studied an area that undergone the last phase of the post-LGM trangression and it can suggest some information about the erosive processes that the present coastline is going to experience in the next future because of the increasing sea-level river

    Exponential sums over finite fields and Stepanov's method

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    The goal of the thesis is to understand Stepanov’s method, which is used to prove in an elementary way the Riemann hypothesis for curves over finite fields. We also study how curves and exponential sums are related, and examine other interesting applications of the method such as Heath-Brown’s estimate for Heilbronn’s exponential sum

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