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The impact of social participation and attachment styles on mentalizing and emotion regulation in adults living in the United States
Get PDFPrior studies have shown that attachment styles interact with social inclusion to impact belonging, self-esteem, control, sense of meaning, and positive mood. No studies have investigated how the interaction of attachment and social participation impacts selfregulatory mechanisms. The main goal of this study was to address this gap and investigate how the interaction of different social participation conditions (ostracism, overinclusion, inclusion) and attachment styles impact two regulatory mechanisms, specifically, mentalizing capacities and emotion regulation. Adult participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. This was the first study to demonstrate that ostracism and inclusion influence the relationship between attachment style and regulatory mechanisms. Specifically, in the ostracism condition, anxious attachment was associated with greater state emotion regulation difficulties, namely, limited ability to modulate emotional/behavioral responses and lack of emotional clarity. In the inclusion condition, avoidant attachment was associated with lower online mentalizing. The exploratory study demonstrated how different aspects of dispositional mentalizing mediate the relationship between attachment and emotion regulation. Specifically, avoidant and anxious attachment were negatively related to state emotion regulation difficulties, and this was mediated by dispositional uncertainty of mental states. Avoidant attachment was positively related to state emotion regulation difficulties, and this was mediated by a disposition for adequate mentalizing. Finally, results emphasize the importance of improving construct validity in the self-report measure of dispositional mentalizing
Schizotypy and theory of mind: The roles of emotion regulation difficulties and negative affect
Get PDFTheory of mind (ToM) impairment, emotion regulation (ER) difficulties, and negative affect have been identified as major deficits in schizotypy. The existing literature on schizotypy and ToM has yielded inconsistent findings, with some studies finding ToM deficits in overall schizotypy, other studies finding ToM deficits in only specific schizotypy dimensions, and other studies finding no ToM deficits in schizotypy at all. The current study proposed to address these discrepant findings by using a measure of overall schizotypy, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Revised (Updated; SPQ-BRU) and a new measure specific schizotypy dimensions, the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS). The current study used the Frith-Happé animations (FHA) and Strange Stories Film Task (SSFT) to tap ToM abilities, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) to measure ER difficulties, and the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT) to measure implicit state affect. It was predicted that overall schizotypy would predict ToM impairment. In addition, it was hypothesized that ER difficulties would mediate the relationship between overall schizotypy and ToM. Finally, it was hypothesized that negative affect might moderate this relationship. Results of the study did not confirm the study hypotheses. However, exploratory analyses yielded partial support for the study hypotheses. Negative schizotypy was found to predict lower ToM performance on both ToM measures. Further, extreme-group design (EGD) analyses revealed that high schizotypy groups showed weaker performance on the SSFT. The high negative schizotypy group also performed worse on the FHA. These results suggest implications for the methodological approaches to studying ToM in schizotypy and conceptualizing the latent structure of schizotypy
Intergenerational transmission of parenting: The childhood correlates of rejection sensitivity during pregnancy and subsequent effects on future parenting
Get PDFAdverse early childhood experiences, including trauma and rejecting parenting behaviors, have been shown to affect later functioning, including one’s sensitivity to rejection in interpersonal relationships. The current study aimed to examine the early predictors of rejection sensitivity in a sample of at-risk pregnant women whose thoughts about parenting may be particularly activated. It was hypothesized that less caring remembered parenting would be related to greater rejection sensitivity during pregnancy. In addition, a relationship between history of childhood trauma and rejection sensitivity in pregnancy was predicted in this sample. Participants included 83 pregnant women who were randomly assigned to receive an experimental treatment aimed at preventing postpartum depression or to a treatment as usual group. A bivariate correlation demonstrated a medium negative relationship between remembered maternal care and rejection sensitivity during pregnancy. Although a bivariate correlation did not demonstrate a relationship between overall level of childhood trauma and prenatal rejection sensitivity, a large positive relationship was found between childhood emotional neglect and rejection sensitivity during pregnancy. These findings highlight the significance of rejecting, neglectful experiences during childhood. Two subsamples of pregnant women were further examined to determine if remembered maternal care, childhood trauma, and prenatal rejection sensitivity impacted women’s sensitivity towards their own infants at four months postpartum. Results indicated that trauma during childhood, early parenting behaviors, and rejection sensitivity during pregnancy did not relate to postpartum parenting behaviors in this sample. The implications of these findings are discussed in greater detail
The new motion picture: Can interactivity in mobile AR enhance storytelling in modern filmmaking
Get PDFThe title of the thesis Is - The New Motion Picture: Can Interactivity in AR Enhance Storytelling In Modern Filmmaking?
For the theory, I will be exploring how AR has developed from the history of its many applications to its current implementation in smartphones and how current filmmakers are working with this technology to produce new content.
For production, I will create one or multiple spatial AR scenes using real-world locations that incorporate elements of a short film story for users to interact with. This may include 3d assets, paths and destinations e.t.c.
The theory paper will introduce readers to the concepts and various uses of mobile AR while providing a new short film story/script that will be visually presented using a smartphone and spatial AR. The theory will help us understand how all the various tools are used to craft a film in mobile AR
Capitalism Is Unsustainable
No full textCapitalism is inherently unsustainable. As long as capitalism is the world’s main economic system, accelerated climate change will never end. It’s almost inconceivable to think of a different way to make the world work, but, if we don’t find a new system, capitalism will ultimately destroy our planet. My quilt block shows a giant dollar sign being torn apart by natural forces. A negative interpretation of this quilt block is that all of humanity’s achievements will be worthless and forgotten once capitalism causes the extinction of the human race, but Mother Earth will continue on. A more positive interpretation is that humanity will create a new sustainable system of coexisting, and the relics of capitalism will simply dissolve into the natural world, just like the ruins of other past civilizations.
I intentionally chose to create my quilt block in a more “cutesy” style because I enjoy subverting a viewer’s expectations. I believe the message is absorbed more readily once the viewer realizes what looked like a typical sweet arts-and-craft project from afar actually expresses a much more complex and somewhat uncomfortable subject matter.https://digitalcommons.liu.edu/community_usquilt_2023/1003/thumbnail.jp
Everything Is Connected
No full textOur natural world is beautiful, complex, and deeply connected in ways we both understand and are yet to discover.
In this quilt block, I feature two creatures whose lives are inextricably connected.
The horseshoe crab has existed practically unchanged for nearly 450 million years. Yet these seemingly resilient creatures are presently in decline along our east coast and are now listed as vulnerable, putting their long term survival into question. They have suffered over harvesting for fishing bait and biomedical testing from the pharmaceutical industry due to a unique property in their blood and habitat loss.
The Red Knot, a sandpiper with an incredible migration route from the arctic tundra to the southern tip of South America, Africa and Australia, is dependent on the rich eggs of the horseshoe crab to sustain them on these long journeys. In a 2021 bird count in Delaware Bay on the Jersey coast, only 6,880 red knots were spotted, a fraction of the 90,000 birds counted at the same location in the 1980s.
Biodiversity underpins all life on our planet. Healthy communities rely on well-functioning ecosystems for clean air, fresh water, food security, health sciences, economic well being and livable climates; these vital interconnections are not always apparent or appreciated.
Respecting and protecting the natural order around us is essential for a sustainable future.https://digitalcommons.liu.edu/community_usquilt_2023/1010/thumbnail.jp
Reconstructing the germination pathway from the Rafflesia seed transcriptome
Get PDFRafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) produces the largest flowers in the world but has no stems, roots, or leaves. It is a holoparasitic angiosperm that derives all its nutrients from its host vine, Tetrastigma. All species are also threatened with extinction, but propagating it has been incredibly challenging. Its germination from seed has never been observed. The thesis aims to reconstruct the germination pathway of Rafflesia from its published seed transcriptome to gain insight into its molecular genetics and understand what germination genes can be stimulated to facilitate infection of its host for ex-situ propagation. The published seed transcriptome of Rafflesia speciosa was annotated. These were then bioinformatically compared to the seed germination pathway genes in the model photosynthetic plant Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae) and in another parasitic plant, Striga (Orobanchaceae), to determine if there are similar genes conserved, especially the Strigolactones-responsive gene which promotes Striga germination in response to hormones called strigolactones. The assembled Rafflesia speciosa seed transcriptome contained more than 123,000 transcripts. Out of more than 123,000 de novo assembled transcripts, 7025 with blast hits were mapped and annotated. Among these, genes involved in abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroids, cytokinin, and ethylene signalling were detected in Rafflesia, in common with those in Arabidopsis. Still, no Strigolactones-responsive genes were detected in Rafflesia. This study showed that some germination signalling genes are conserved between Rafflesia and Arabidopsis but not with another parasitic plant. This suggests that strigolactones will not be useful in stimulating Rafflesia germination for propagation attempts
The avoidance of shame: A function of anxiety in insecure attachment
Get PDFGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a distressing condition characterized by excessive worry, and treatment outcomes are often unsatisfactory. Research has identified worry as an avoidance mechanism to manage interpersonal and emotional distress. Insecure attachment creates vulnerabilities for GAD, and research has demonstrated that emotion dysregulation plays an explanatory role in the association between insecure attachment and anxiety symptoms. The current study supported the role of emotion dysregulation in GAD for individuals with insecure attachment. Shame, measured explicitly and implicitly, was investigated as an additional mediator in the relationship between insecure attachment and anxiety. A sample of 355 adults completed self-report questionnaires on insecure attachment, emotion dysregulation, explicit shame, GAD symptoms, and worry, and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure implicit shame. Results demonstrated that attachment anxiety predicted worry, emotion dysregulation, and explicit shame, while attachment avoidance predicted only emotion dysregulation. Emotion dysregulation and explicit shame predicted both worry and GAD symptoms. The study also found that attachment anxiety indirectly influenced anxiety through greater emotion dysregulation and explicit shame, with these factors fully accounting for the effect on GAD symptoms and partially explaining the effect on worry. Moreover, emotion dysregulation indirectly influenced anxiety through greater explicit and implicit shame. These findings highlight the roles of both emotion dysregulation and shame in GAD, particularly for individuals with anxious attachment. This study contributed to the understanding of the relationship between shame and anxiety and may inform future research, along with therapeutic interventions, for GAD
Contributing factors to bulimic symptoms in a food-insecure population: An expansion of the dual pathway model of bulimic pathology
Get PDFThe present study assessed a proposed model developed to explain the relationship between food insecurity and bulimic symptoms (Hazzard et al., 2020). Within this model, body dissatisfaction and food insecurity severity are parallel independent variables. Dietary restraint and shame mediate the relationships between both independent variables and bulimic symptoms (Hazzard et al., 2020). The present sample included 198 adults who were experiencing food insecurity. The majority of participants identified as women (n = 170) and Latina/o (n = 178). Participants completed self-report measures for all variables. On an exploratory basis, body dissatisfaction was measured implicitly. A path analysis was used to test the proposed model. The model was found to be a good fit for the data. Food insecurity had a significant positive effect on dietary restraint and shame. Dietary restraint did not predict shame. Both dietary restraint and shame helped explain the relationship between food insecurity and bulimic symptoms. Shame had a significantly larger effect. Only shame helped explain the relationship between body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms. Regarding the exploratory question, implicit and explicit body dissatisfaction were inversely correlated. Overall, the findings support the proposed dual pathway model of food insecurity and bulimic symptoms. The model highlights that while dietary restraint is an important variable, the emotional factor of shame plays an especially significant role. In terms of treatment for bulimic spectrum symptoms, these findings suggest interventions targeting feelings of shame may be a good fit for food-insecure populations
Sarah Olivia Thomas
Get PDFThe present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between psilocybin use and mental health outcomes within the general population. During the last several decades, psychedelic use was banned in the United States due to various reasons. In more recent years, psychedelic therapy is making a comeback in the healthcare community and renewed interest in the field is creating demand for greater research in psychedelic therapy in order to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and its possible ability to treat various mental health conditions using psychedelic therapy. One of the psychedelics, known as “magic mushrooms” is of particular interest to researchers. The active compound in magic mushrooms, psilocybin, is a well-known psychedelic hailed for its mind-altering mechanisms. It is of interest in the mental health field in regards to the treatment of various disorders and symptoms: notably depression, anxiety, and PTSD. The present study evaluated the possibility of a correlation between psilocybin use and depression symptoms. The results indicated no significant difference between participants who used psilocybin and those who do not use psilocybin use when it comes to depressive symptoms. An analysis of the data and possible reasons for the results and future implications are then discussed