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The Efficacy of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Compared to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Drug Counseling for Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Full text linkIn 2021, drug overdoses were the leading cause of death in the US for those under age 50, with a toll of 100,306 lives, an increase of 28.5% from 2020 (Center for Disease Control, 2021). This increasing toll makes it imperative to identify effective research-based treatments. Psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT) is an option for treating substance-use disorder (SUD); however, few studies have examined its effectiveness. This meta-analysis builds on Warshaw’s 2022 meta-analysis of studies on the efficacy of PDT in treating SUDs. We conducted a between-groups analysis of randomized controlled trials, analyzing post-treatment and follow-up differences between PDT and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and between PDT and drug counseling. Moderators included researcher allegiance, use of medication, and amount of intervention. The potential benefits of this study include a better understanding of the comparative efficacy of commonly used treatments and further insights into a type of treatment that is not as frequently studied. The outcomes of this meta-analysis revealed no substantial variability in treatment efficacy, thereby substantiating the central hypothesis positing PDT’s equivalence to CBT and drug counseling in addressing substance-use disorders (d = 0.088). The analysis of moderators failed to attain statistical significance regarding adjunct pharmacological treatment, RA, or treatment duration. The small overall sample size of the number of studies in the meta-analysis may have accounted for the lack of significant findings within the moderator analysis. All publication bias analyses were not statistically significant, suggesting it is unlikely that issues of publication bias impacted study results
Method Development, Validation and Forced Degradation Studies of Dapagliflozin and Pioglitazone Hydrochlorides in Synthetic Mixtures by RP-HPLC
Full text linkA simple, sensitive, robust, precise, and efficient RP-HPLC approach for the simultaneous determination of Dapagliflozin and Pioglitazone Hydrochloride in Synthetic Mixture. As per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, the final chromatographic conditions were Optimized with a mobile phase ratio of (25:75% v/v) in ACN: Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Buffer (pH 4) was adjusted by adding OPA at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, column temperature of 30 °C, injection volume of 20 μL, Kromstar Vertex C18 analytical column, and UV detection at 228 nm wavelength. Dapagliflozin and Pioglitazone Hydrochloride reported retention times of 3 min and 6.5 min, respectively. Validation of a method was found to be linear in the range of 2-10 μg/ml for Dapagliflozin and 3–15 μg/mL for Pioglitazone Hydrochloride. The % Recovery for Dapagliflozin was dis- covered to be 98.52 - 99.90 %, while for Pioglitazone Hydrochloride, it was found to be 99.67- 99.94 %. The Precision results for both drugs were within the limits while expressed Intraday and Interday. For Dapagliflozin, the LOD and LOQ were reported to be 0.041 μg/mL and 0.13 μg/mL, respectively, and for Pioglitazone Hydrochloride, 0.105 μg/ mL and 0.32 μg/mL. As per ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines, the synthetic mixture was subjected to acid, base, oxidation, thermal, and photolysis stress conditions
From distress to de-stress: The impact of humor on stress appraisal, emotion regulation, and resilience
Full text linkFeasibility in embedding charismatic leadership strategies into social work applications
No full textPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine whether charismatic leadership strategies can be successfully implemented within structures, systems and tasks for social workers to increase case management successes, particularly client well-being, given that the six key charismatic leadership traits align with presented professionally bound ethical expectations. Design/methodology/approach – A short generic qualitative review was done over fifteen publications, emphasizing the effects of charismatic leadership in domestic and foreign occupational domains. Findings – Methodological, thematic and theoretical analyses show that charismatic leadership strategies are active in relevant social work domains with positive participant impacts. Practical implications – The paper is intended to primarily investigate whether charismatic leadership is present in social work domains, and does not consider other leadership modalities. Originality/value – High-quality reviews from the presented methodological investigations suggest that charismatic leadership is an effective leadership modality that should be considered into client-involved structures and systems. Keywords Charismatic leadership, Social work, Evidence-based practice, Charisma, Socialized charismatic leaders, Leadership development, Implementation feasibility Paper type Literature revie
To swallow the sun
No full textMy creative fiction thesis To Swallow the Sun is part one of a novel of the same name. Cage, the protagonist, is a dreamer; he yearns for visceral experience and enjoys assignations with the night beyond his bedroom window; but as his desires draw him deeper into a world of his own, there are many who see nothing but a boy in need of fixing. After continually falling short of the expectations his family and society have crafted for him- abandoning work, “ruining” school plays, even failing to react to a prisoner’s execution- Cage is sent to a psychiatric ward. Once inside, where reality and irreality begin to blur, he remains beyond the reach of traditional care. As punishment, his shadow is removed from his being, and he is sent to solitary confinement in a room of mirrors where he vomits away his organs. With the help of a friend, Cage escapes the asylum, though he quickly finds himself alone in the vast world of nature, his body empty and his senses diminishing. As he moves forward, refilling his gut with fireflies and using a bird to speak, Cage seeks to reconnect the many pieces of himself to the world—all in hope to feel something, and be something, once again. To Swallow the Sun is a convergence of the surreal and magical real, blending and moving between subjective and objective realities. It investigates our relationships with perception, power, and poetic experience.
Following To Swallow the Sun is a critical essay entitled Poetics of Repulsion and Imaginative Value,” an essay written in response to Gaston Bachelard’s The Poetics of Space. This essay highlights Bachelard’s emphasis on the relation between poetic images and attraction; it then proceeds to utilize his theories to examine the relation between poetic images and “repulsion”—a term used to encompass a variety of images that are often perceived in opposition to attraction, i.e. the strange, the grotesque, the horrific, and more. I begin this essay by posing two questions: Can the poetic image be anything other than attractive? And if it can…does it [the poetic image of repulsion] possess the same imaginative value as that which attracts? Using writers like Hugo and Barthelme, as well as calling attention to nightmares, the dark, and the body-as-image, this essay argues for the imaginative value of the poetic image of repulsion, upholding its ability to stir our imagination, and our soul, just as Bachelard’s images of attraction do
Interprofessional Education (IPE) Simulation Activity and the Application of Ethical Principles
No full textInterprofessional Education (IPE) Simulation Activity and the Application of Ethical Principles Introduction Interprofessional education (IPE) is an approach where learning occurs between two or more healthcare students from different professions to enable effective collaboration and communication. Objective The aim of this activity was to develop skills for IPE including communication and teamwork, while applying ethical and legal standards of practice. Methods On March 29, 2024, a simulation-enhanced IPE activity was implemented through the collaboration of Long Island University Harriet Rothkopf Heilbrunn School of Nursing, LIU Pharmacy, and LIU School of Health Professions. Students were asked to complete a pre-activity survey aimed to assess their abilities to apply skills related to interprofessional communication, teamwork, and ethical principles. The program was structured as a case-based discussion of ethical principles and the conflicts that arise between them. Interprofessional teams of students engaged in active communication and discussion to develop an effective outcome. Following the experience, debriefing between students and faculty occurred to provide reflection on their own interprofessional experience. At the conclusion of the event, a post-activity survey was administered to all participants. Results A total of 381 participated in the event, representing 7 professions. Improvements in students’ perceptions were noted in the post -activity survey across all survey items. Conclusion These findings highlight the effectiveness of incorporating IPE into the curriculum, providing valuable preparation for real-world scenarios. Moving forward, the LIU Brooklyn Campus will continue to offer IPE activities across the curriculum, ensuring students receive ample op- portunities to practice their interprofessional skills
Using Analog-Sensitive (AS) Kinase Technology to Engineer PROTAC Targeted CDK Degraders
No full textWe studied a chemical-genetic approach to dissect the networks of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their targets in cell division and gene expression in human cancer cells. We focused on a human cancer cell line that expresses only a mutant version of a particular CDK. It has been engineered to be analog-sensitive (AS) or susceptible to inhibition by bulky purine analogs that do not interfere with the functions of wild-type kinases. By altering a single kinase in a cell, we can precisely determine the roles and targets of it. We can identify the sequence of pathways containing several CDKs and find genetic relationships between them by combining mutations in numerous enzymes. Analog-sensitive kinase technology enables the fast, reversible, and highly selective inhibition of engineered kinases in human cancer cells. Enhancements of both potency and selectivity for the AS kinase inhibitors are achieved with degraders, also known as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which target proteins of interest for selective destruction. In this approach, a small-molecule ligand of the protein being targeted, such as a kinase, is conjugated to a functional group that binds specifically to an E3 ubiquitin ligase; when the target is engaged in cells, this causes the protein to be ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. We aim to pinpoint specific CDK complexes and their precise roles and functions in controlling the cell cycle and transcription. We also aim to identify possible sensitivities of cancer cells to CDK inhibitors by using the chemical genetic study of the CDK network
Disconnected in a connected world: Gender differences in loneliness and the impact of technology
Full text linkThe purpose of the present study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of Problematic Instagram use (PIU) on different psychopathological outcomes including loneliness, depression, anxiety, and social anxiety. Additionally, moderating role of gender on the relationships among variables was investigated. A total of 191 adolescents (Mage= 21.45 years, SD=2.07; range=18 to 24 years) were recruited for the study to complete a questionnaire that included the relevant assessment tools for the variables. Mediation and moderation analyses showed that among male adolescents, PIU was directly associated with loneliness, depression, general anxiety, and social anxiety. Among females, PIU was directly associated with depression and indirectly with general anxiety, social anxiety. Gender significantly moderated the direct relationships of PIU with loneliness, general anxiety, and social anxiety. PIU was directly associated with loneliness, general anxiety, and social anxiety among males only, whereas among females, PIU was indirectly associated with general and social anxiety but was not related to loneliness. Results of this study indicate that PIU has different negative psychological effects on male and female adolescents
The Use of Mushrooms in the Improvement of Neurological Activity and Cognitive Function
No full textIntroduction: With the aging population rising, the prevalence of chronic health- related diseases, particularly neurodegenerative conditions, is increasing. Existing pharmaceuticals provide limited benefits, emphasizing the urgent need for preventative agents that not only impede further neurodegeneration but also facilitate neural regeneration. Mushrooms, renowned for their culinary appeal, harbor various compounds with potential neuroprotective properties, making them promising candidates for therapeutic exploration. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of select mushroom compounds on cognitive function.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. Keywords including mushrooms, cognitive function, brain activity, mental status, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative were employed. Selection criteria were based on mushroom popularity and publicly available data. Multiple mushrooms were evaluated, focusing on their potential benefits in enhancing neurological activity and cognitive functions. Several studies were reviewed, including trials on Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus), Ganoderma lucidum Spore Powder (GLSP), Cordyceps sinensis, and their respective impacts on cognitive function and neurological health.
Results and Conclusion: Lion’s Mane supplementation significantly prevented short-term memory deterioration and improved cognitive functions, suggesting its potential for neural regeneration in adults. Additionally, acute and chronic administration of Lion’s Mane exhibited cognitive and mood-enhancing effects in young adults. GLSP showed promising results in reducing weekly seizure frequency and enhancing the quality of life in epilepsy patients, while combined treatment with memantine demonstrated improved cognitive and behavioral abilities in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Cordyceps sinensis supplementation enhanced exercise performance and wellness in various age groups, indicating its potential for promoting muscle regeneration and stem cell recruitment. Overall, mushrooms and their bioactive compounds offer a promising avenue for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, warranting further research and clinical exploration in combating cognitive diseases associated with aging
The Relationship Between Reflective Functioning and Epistemic Trust Amongst High-risk Caregivers: Secondary Data Analysis of an RCT and Process Evaluation Study of UK Mentalization-based Parenting Intervention Program—the Lighthouse Parenting Program (LPP)
No full textThe present study is secondary analysis using data from a UK–based parenting intervention study to investigate the relationship between parental reflective functioning (PRF) and epistemic trust and to examine the potential moderating effect of parent sex on this relationship. Participants were recruited by social work teams across five Local Authority Children’s Social Care sites in England. No direct relationship was found between PRF and epistemic variables. Additionally, there was no significant interaction between PRF and parent sex, suggesting related underlying processes are shared across sexes. An exploratory post-hoc analysis found that representational risk (ARR)—reflecting certain risks within parental representations of themselves as caregivers, their child, and their relationship with the child that are specifically linked to disorganized infant attachment—to be a significant predictor of epistemic trust and mistrust. Although both ARR and PRF reflect aspects of parental reflective functioning, only ARR was associated with epistemic trust variables. This discrepancy is likely attributable to disparities in terms of measurement dimensionality and sensitivity across different risk levels. These findings underscore the multidimensional nature of reflective functioning and highlight the necessity for refined measures that are sensitive to these meaningful nuances. This study establishes a foundation for future research focusing on the complexities of PRF in the context of epistemic trust among caregivers, particularly those characterized as high-risk