1406 research outputs found
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A Runner’s Edge - The Biochemical Enhancing Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate on Intensity and Endurance in Trained Distance Runners: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: The consumption of sodium bicarbonate (SB) has been investigated as an ergogenic aid, acting as a metabolic blood-buffer, thus, reducing the onset of fatigue by delaying the production of lactic acid (LA). In running, this is especially significant, as LA is the principal byproduct, hindering performance. Therefore, this review is the first to examine the effects of oral SB supplementation on running intensity (the ability to run at an increased velocity) and endurance (the ability to run at a sustainable and continuous pace for an extended period of time). Methods: A multi-phase search process of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SemanticScholar was conducted to obtain double-blind, crossover, randomized controlled trials of a quasi-experimental nature that assessed a cause-and-effect relationship between the consummation of SB and subsequent running intensity/endurance via time-trial, distance-trial, and velocity-trial runs. Only studies including healthy and actively-trained mid distance (800m – 3km) and long distance (\u3e 3km) runners were included in this review. Results: Of the 203 results, six studies met the inclusion criteria. One study measuring intensity displayed a significant increase in velocity (p\u3c0.05). All three studies measuring endurance resulted in significant increases in velocity after oral supplementation (p\u3c0.05). However, only one study measuring its effects on TTE during an endurance succeeded in showing significant increases after oral supplementation (p\u3c0.05) while two did not (p\u3e0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review suggest that SB increases running intensity by allowing runners to run at an increased velocity at a fixed distance. Similarly, SB increases running intensity by allowing runners to maintain a higher running pace for an extended period of time. However, more research is needed on studies comparing TTE with and without ‘pre-runs’ at IAT/LT to investigate if pre-runs have a negative influence on TTE
Investigating the Neuroprotective Effects of Flavonoids on Oxidative Stress, Tau Pathology, and Beta Amyloid Aggregation in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textINTRODUCTION: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is prevalent among older adults, characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes.
RESULTS: Although the pathological mechanisms of AD remain complex and unclear, key features include extracellular neuritic plaques composed of amyloid beta peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles that contain hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins- which play a significant role in causing neuronal dysfunction.
CONCLUSION: Current treatments provide limited symptomatic relief without halting the progression of this disease
Fake News: Conformity to Other Users\u27 Views When Commenting and Sharing Disinformation in Social Media
No full textINTRODUCTION: This study examines the effects of conformity to others\u27 online comments when individuals respond to fake news.
METHOD: 201 participants were seen in three groups presented with fake news with supportive comments; the same fake news with critical comments; and the same fake news with both supportive and critical comments.
RESULTS: After exposure to others\u27 comments critical of a fake news article, individuals\u27 attitudes, propensity to make positive comments and intentions to share the fake news were lower than after exposure to others\u27 comments supportive of a fake news article. Furthermore, this research finds that the use of a disclaimer from a social media company alerting individuals to the fact that the news might be fake does not lower individuals’ intensions to make positive comments and to share the fake news as much as critical comments from other users.
CONCLUSION: The findings show that commentary on news items influence individuals\u27 attitudes to comment and share disinformation. Further, that others\u27 commentary is more effective that disclaimers from the social media source
Good trips, bad trips: Attachment, connectedness, and mental health in psychedelic experiences
No full textResearch into psychedelic-assisted psychotherapies and the overall psychedelic experience is in a period of acceleration, with hopes from multiple disciplines that such research might uncover novel and effective treatments for myriad psychological disorders. Much research to date has examined the neurobiological underpinnings of psychedelic states. The current study, existing as part of a larger trend examining the phenomenological and psychological mechanisms of psychedelic experience, sought to examine the ways in which attachment dynamics influenced the type of psychedelic experience—mystical versus challenging—and the subsequent effects on social connectedness and psychiatric symptoms. Prior research had suggested that individuals with more anxious attachment styles would be prone to more mystical-type experiences, with subsequent increases in connectedness and decreases in symptoms, however the current study did not support these findings. Removing the mystical experience component instead suggested that anxiously organized people experienced decreases in social connectedness, indirectly increasing their psychiatric symptoms. Several potential explanations for these unexpected findings, as well as their implications, are discussed. Additionally, this study supported an exploratory, less-researched model wherein individuals with more avoidant attachment dynamics were more prone to challenging experiences, leading to decreases in connectedness and increases in overall psychiatric symptoms. Further discussed are the potential implications of these results for clinical practice with psychedelics as well as several directions for future research
The roles of regulated body awareness and empathy in psychotherapist empathic attunement
No full textPsychotherapist empathic attunement has been shown to contribute significantly to treatment outcomes (Bohart et al., 2002; Elliott et al., 2018), but psychotherapist factors that contribute to increased attunement have not been extensively studied. The present study’s model, based on Erskine’s (1998) model of attunement, examined the impact of therapist body awareness, embodied regulation, and personal distress empathy on attunement. Participants were N = 180 therapist trainees from various clinical fields who completed an online protocol. Results indicated that, as predicted, embodied regulation moderated the relationship between body awareness and empathic attunement, such that the relationship was significant and positive only when embodied regulation was above average. Additionally, results indicated that personal distress empathy negatively predicted empathic attunement. Contrary to expectations, results did not show a significant relationship between body awareness and personal distress empathy, whether moderated by embodied regulation or not. Interpretation of these findings considered the possible conceptual overlap between scales used to measure these disparate constructs. This study was the first to examine the impact of regulated body awareness on attunement in a therapist sample. Additionally, it provided further validity to a new measure of empathic attunement in therapy, the Patient’s Experience of Attunement and Responsiveness Scale (PEAR; Snyder & Silberschatz, 2017) and introduced a novel procedure for utilizing clinical research measures in a larger-scale online study. Clinical implications, future research recommendations, and study limitations are discussed
Child sexual abuse and relationship obsessive compulsive disorder (ROCD): The influence of betrayal trauma on mental contamination
No full textThe aim of this project was to gain a better understanding of whether survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CTQ) are more prone to enduring higher levels of relationship-centered relationship obsessive-compulsive disorder (ROCI) symptoms. This project also examined whether mental contamination (VOCI-MC) influenced the relationship between CTQ and ROCI and if this impact was dependent on levels of betrayal trauma. It was hypothesized that betrayal trauma (BQ) would moderate the mediating effect of VOCI-MC on CRQ and ROCI symptoms. A sample of 270 female participants ages 18 years and older completed an online survey that assessed histories of childhood trauma, ROCI symptoms, and VOCI-MC. Participants who endorsed histories of CSA (N = 162) also completed an additional measure to evaluate betrayal trauma in the context of their CTQ. Results showed significant positive direct effects of CTQ on ROCI and CTQ on VOCI-MC. Additionally, VOCI-MC significantly mediated the relationship between CTQ and ROCI. Results also demonstrated that BQ did not significantly moderate the mediating effect of CTQ on ROCI by VOCI-MC. As an exploratory component, this study hypothesized that vulnerability to VOCI-MC would mediate the relationship between CTQ and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, as well as the relationship between CTQ and ROCI. Clinical implications, limitations, and future directions of this research are also presented to highlight important considerations regarding ROCI, CTQ, VOCI-MC, and BQ.
Keywords: childhood sexual abuse, relationship obsessive-compulsive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, mental contamination, betraya
Effect of Molar Ratios on the Catalytic Performance of Fe-Zr Bimetallic Catalysts for CO₂ Hydrogenation to Light Olefins
No full textThe rising levels of CO₂ emissions have had a significant environmental impact, necessitating the development of efficient strategies for CO₂ utilization. One promising approach is the catalytic conversion of CO₂ into fuels or value-added chemicals, such as light olefins. This study focuses on identifying an optimal Fe-Zr bimetallic catalyst for CO₂ hydrogenation. A series of Fe-Zr catalysts with varying molar ratios (50:1, 30:1, 20:1, 10:1, 5:1, 3:1, 1:1) were synthesized using a novel preparation method and evaluated for their catalytic performance. Among the investigated compositions, the Fe/Zr = 10:1 molar ratio exhibited superior catalytic activity and selectivity toward light olefins. The catalysts were tested in a flow-bed reactor over a temperature range of 275–400°C, with product distribution analyzed via on-line gas chromatography (GC). The results demonstrate that the Fe-Zr bimetallic catalyst effectively promotes CO₂ hydrogenation, with Fe/Zr = 10:1 achieving the highest performance. This study provides valuable insights into the role of Fe-Zr interactions in CO₂ conversion and contributes to the development of advanced catalytic systems for sustainable carbon utilization
Exploring Richard III through Embodied Textual Analysis
No full textThis study presents a research and performance score for the role of Richard III in Shakespeare\u27s Richard III. By closely analyzing the text, the study reveals insights that can enhance the portrayal of the character. Methods such as scansion, punctuation, capitalization, alliteration, antithesis, assonance, repetition, and structure are examined in depth. The analysis shows how Shakespeare uses these methods in Richard’s soliloquy to portray him as a sarcastic and manipulative character
Influence of Support Materials on Fe-Co Bimetallic Catalysts for Efficient CO₂ Hydrogenation to Light Olefins
No full textRising atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂), are major contributors to climate change and global warming, presenting significant global challenges. Recent advancements in heterogeneous catalyst design and CO₂ utilization strategies have gained momentum in addressing these issues. This study builds upon previous research on Fe-Co bimetallic catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation, where a Fe/Co molar ratio of 1:1 demonstrated superior activity and selectivity for light olefin production. Expanding on these findings, this work investigates the influence of support materials on catalytic efficiency. Various supports, including CeO₂, Al₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂, and ZSM-5, were incorporated into the Fe/Co = 1:1 solution mixture, and the supported Fe-Co catalysts were synthesized via the solvent evaporation method. The catalysts underwent mild thermal treatment to yield magnetic-supported bimetallic materials, followed by compression into uniform particle sizes and loading into quartz tubes for evaluation. Catalytic performance was assessed in a flow-bed reactor under controlled temperatures and CO₂/H₂ flow rates, with product analysis conducted via online gas chromatography (GC). Further characterization, including temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), was performed to elucidate the relationships between catalyst properties, support effects, and activity. These novel magnetic bimetallic catalysts, with enhanced support interactions, provide valuable insights into the roles of Fe₃O₄ and Co₃O₄ in the reaction pathway for CO₂ hydrogenation to light olefins
The Overlooked Need for Speech Evaluation in Collegiate Athletes Post-Concussion
No full textIntroduction: Concussions can be described as the brain forcefully smashing into the skull resulting in a mild traumatic brain injury. Concussions can disrupt typical brain function, resulting in negative effects on speech and language skills, and thereby hindering an individual’s ability to perform daily activities. These symptoms can be long-lasting, especially if adequate services are not received. Sports related injuries are one of the leading causes of concussions, however, there is a paucity of research related to collegiate level athletes receiving adequate speech and language services despite empirical data acknowledging these deficits related to concussions. The objective of this study is to assess if college athletes are receiving speech and language services post-concussion. Additionally, the purpose was to demonstrate why speech language pathology intervention is important in concussion management. Methods: This study was conducted via a literature review on understanding concussions and their symptoms. Specifically, the impact that concussions have on speech and language abilities. To determine if there is a lack of speech language pathology intervention, the standard protocols for concussions were researched. Lastly, this literature review highlighted the importance of the Speech Language Pathologist’s role for athletes post-concussion, and the detrimental effects that could occur if speech and language services are not received. Conclusion: Evidence showed a need for speech and language therapy for post concussive athletes. Moreover, there is a lack of evaluation and services being provided to athletes post-concussion. In conclusion, standard protocol for concussions should include speech and language evaluation and referral to Speech Language Pathologist if needed