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Attachment Styles and Communication Quality- Its Correlation and Effects
No full textAttachment Styles and Communication Quality- Its Correlation and Effects
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between attachment styles and communication quality. Our study uses Bartholomew and Horowitz developed four-category adult attachment model, consisting of secure, preoccupied, dismissing, and fearful, which is organized around individuals’ views of themselves and others. For our purposes, communication quality is defined as the ability to express and maintain appropriate closeness to a partner or loved one. There is growing research indicating that attachment styles are predictors of communication quality in relationships. Previous research has shown that insecure attachment styles are associated with negative communication within relationships, while secure attachment is associated with positive communication quality. We are proposing three hypotheses: 1) Adult attachment styles will correlate with communication quality in romantic relationships, positively for secure attachment and negatively for insecure attachment. 2) Adult attachment styles will correlate with communication quality in parental relationships, positively for secure attachment and negatively for insecure attachment. 3) Adult attachment styles will correlate with communication quality in platonic friendships, positively for secure attachment and negatively for insecure attachment. The findings will contribute to existing literature while addressing certain gaps. Data collection is still in process, and our current sample size is 82. The sample size is made up of Murray State students who are participating using Murray State’s digital platform, SONA. The results of this study will be useful in understanding why certain college students struggle with communication quality. Findings will be presented at Murray State University’s Scholars Week, with our current data, although data collection is still ongoing.
Keywords: Attachment styles, communication quality, romantic relationships, parental relationships, and platonic relationships
Unraveling Reproductive Complexity: Integrative Assessment of White Crappie Pomoxis annularis Spawning Dynamics in Kentucky Lake
No full textIn large reservoirs such as Kentucky Lake, White Crappie Pomoxis annularis exhibit complex reproductive dynamics, including variable annual recruitment and frequent skipped or partial spawning events. This study investigates the energetic and environmental factors influencing spawning success in Jonathan Creek, a northern embayment of Kentucky Lake. Using a dual sampling approach, I combined citizen science angler-caught fish during the pre-spawn with trap netting in shallow spawning areas to capture crappie during the full reproductive cycle. Physiological, biometric, and egg analyses revealed that spawning success was driven more by pre-spawn energetic conditions than by the conditions during the spawn. Elevated water levels prior to spawning served as a physiological “primer”, enhancing vitellogenesis, fecundity and reproductive output. These effects were reflected in higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) peaks and more robust egg production during years with positive deviations from average reservoir water levels. Seasonal decline in relative weight indicated energetic tradeoffs, particularly in larger females. Ovary pigmentation and diameter proved useful for assessing spawning status, suggesting that late-season females with retained eggs were partial spawners entering atresia rather than skipped spawners. This integrated sampling framework offers predictive insights into year class strength and supports adaptive management strategies for reservoirs with variable hydrology
BRIDGING DIVERSITY AND DISCIPLINE: STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTIONS OF DEI AND TECHNICAL RIGOR IN AGRICULTURE EDUCATION
No full textSchool-based agricultural education (SBAE) serves as a foundational model for preparing students through classroom instruction, Supervised Agricultural Experiences (SAEs), and FFA involvement. This study examined the perceptions of Georgia high school agricultural educators regarding how diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives impact technical rigor and traditional agricultural knowledge within SBAE programs. Educators reported that DEI efforts did not compromise technical rigor, and traditional elements, such as SAE and FFA, remained central to program success. These findings suggest that inclusion and tradition can coexist, with DEI seen as a complement rather than a conflict with SBAE goals. The results provide valuable insight for strengthening inclusive practices while maintaining the integrity of agricultural education programs
The History of the National Football League
No full textThis paper analyzes the complete development from the origin to modern day modifications of the National Football League (NFL). Starting with the earliest forms of football, this study describes the inception of football at college level and the evolution of associated rules and gameplay that formed the framework for the NFL. Then, the paper details the emergence of the NFL in the 20th century, including important people, teams, the first league structure, and all the challenges during the formative years of the league. Moreover, the paper describes the expansion and professionalization of football during major events like the Great Depression and World War 2 and the impact these eras had on the NFL. It analyzes the impacts of famous players and teams, Television, and significant rule changes that came to mark modern football. In addition, this study analyzes the issues of race, labor disputes, international expansion of the NFL, and the business aspects of the game. Lastly, the paper discusses the impacts of technology, culture, and other modern day challenges the NFL faces in the 21st century contemplating the future of the league. To achieve this goal, the paper demonstrates the need of sociological imagination
An Examination of the Current Status of Middle School Agricultural Education and Perceptions Amongst State FFA Leaders
No full textMiddle school agricultural education programs were first officially recognized within the National FFA Organization in 1988 when 7th and 8th grade students were granted FFA membership. This study was conducted to examine the current status of middle school agricultural education programs and the perceptions of state FFA leaders across the United States, especially with the recent addition of 5th and 6th grade students being granted membership. Using a mixed-methods survey distributed to 52 state FFA leaders in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, the study gathered enrollment data, participation opportunities, and perceived advantages and disadvantages associated with middle school agricultural education. A response rate of 26 state FFA associations (50.0%) was achieved. Key findings revealed that 21 state FFA associations reported having middle school agricultural education programs, with over 147,000 students enrolled in agricultural education, with over 92,000 FFA members, during the 2023–2024 school year. State FFA leaders generally supported middle school agricultural education and agreed that the key advantages were an increase in student retention, leadership development, and agricultural literacy. All states that offer middle school agricultural education offer participation opportunities to their middle school FFA members, although opportunities from state to state vary. Future research is required to gain a more complete assessment of the current status of middle school agricultural education to include data from all 52 state FFA associations
Understanding the Influence of Team Identifications Influence on Perception of States
No full textTeam identification refers to an individual’s psychological connection to a team or athlete (Wann, 2006a), while rival salience involves awareness of a prominent rival team (Wann & James, 2019). This study examined the relationship between sport team identification and perceptions of a state housing a salient rival, specifically whether identification with the University of Kentucky (UK) men’s basketball team influenced perceptions of Tennessee, home to rival team University of Tennessee (UT). It was hypothesized that greater team identification would be associated with more negative evaluations of Tennessee, and that this relationship would be mediated by perceptions of the rival team. Contrary to initial expectations, correlation analyses revealed no significant direct relationship between UK identification and negative perceptions of Tennessee. However, mediation analysis demonstrated a significant suppression effect: UK identification was associated with more favorable direct perceptions of Tennessee, but also with more negative perceptions of UT, which in turn predicted more negative evaluations of Tennessee. Thus, negative perceptions of the rival team diminished the positive association between team identification and views of Tennessee
Mapping High-Speed Rail in Germany: The Tie between Population and Rail Lines
No full textThis study analyzed the relationship between population density and high-speed rail lines in Germany using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The German transportation system is famous for its Deutsche Bahn (DB) rail system, whose high-speed Inter-City Express (ICE) lines seek to connect the nation’s major metropolitan areas. The research involved a 30-km buffer of the DB ICE lines that was used to detect the percentage of Germany’s population that was within 30 km of a high-speed rail line. Using ArcGIS Pro, the study found that 27% (23,465,772 people) of the German population lives within 30 km of an ICE line, though a much larger proportion of the population was in proximity to regional lines that connected to high-speed lines. The research also identified areas of potential expansion for the high-speed rail system to incorporate a greater percentage of the German population