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Stocks, Flows, and Flood Insurance: A Nationwide Analysis of the Capitalized Impact of Annual Premium Discounts on Housing Values
No full textTo approach fiscal solvency in the face of escalated intensity and frequency of natural disasters, The National Flood Insurance Program is increasing flood insurance premiums. Despite widespread concerns over the affordability of higher premiums, less attention has been paid to the impact of premium rate increases on housing values. Should housing values capitalize premium discounts, their removal could entail losses in home equity and net wealth, property tax revenue shortfalls for local governments, and relocation disincentives for vulnerable homeowners. We use the quasi-experimental nature of eligibility criteria for the largest class of flood insurance premium discounts to causally estimate the capitalization of flood insurance premium subsidies using nationwide and city-specific hedonic difference-in-difference regressions. We find that in a nationally pooled sample, the average capitalization of subsidy eligibility is $12,352 and show that capitalization exhibits significant and intuitive heterogeneity across municipalities. Our results inform policy discussions surrounding the transition to the national Risk Rating 2.0 premium schedule
Introduction: Confronting the Challenges of the 21st Century.
No full textf in the early part of the twenty-first century there has been a moment prone to rethink history, both History with a capital H and the more silenced intra-history [intrahistoria], one could say that it has been the period framed by the COVID-19 crisis. From the decree of the worldwide state of alarm in March 2020 to the present day, as we have all learned to cope with a “new normal” order of things, this bracket of time has been decisive in re-assessing our world. In addition to the pandemic chaos, other social and political crises occurred at the same time leaving an imprint difficult to erase. We are referring here to racial protests, the new social movements that arose in their wake, and the controversial presidential changeover in the United States. All of these events have shaken the foundations of our society, forcing us to turn inward. ..
The Relationship of Functional Test Performance with Proficiency and Injury Occurrence in High School Volleyball Players
Full text linkUnderstanding the relationships between functional performance tests and sport performance is important for sport coaches and trainers. The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) Do relationships exist between upper body and lower body functional tests and volleyball proficiency between upper-classmen (juniors, seniors) and lower-classmen (freshmen, sophomores) at the high school level? and (2) Can functional test performance predict injury occurrence throughout a travel volleyball season?
The participant sample included 52 high school-aged club volleyball athletes (aged 14-18) recruited from 2 volleyball clubs located in Columbus, OH.
This is a prospective research design in which each participant was tested in March and April of 2022. After obtaining parental consent and player assent, measurements were taken of the participants’ passive range of motion in the shoulders and thoracic spine, followed by the DCKC test and a grip strength test. After completion of these tests, the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) drop jump task was recorded, where 2 practice attempts were performed, followed by 4 trials that were video-recorded.
This data has been utilized to answer the first research question regarding the relationship between functional tests and volleyball playing proficiency in different high school age groups. For the second research question, questionnaires will be emailed to participants to determine injury status/occurrence throughout the season, and specific location and type of injury will be recorded. The performance tests will be used as independent variables to predict the dependent variable of injuries. The knowledge gained in this study may benefit volleyball players and coaches by possibly demonstrating a link between different measures (functional movement, stability, jump-landing biomechanics) and sport proficiency or injury occurrence over the course of a season
The Development of Dipyrrin Platforms for Oxygen Reduction
Full text linkA redox-active ligand scaffold, dipyrrin, was synthesized in the interest of activating oxygen. The synthesis of the scaffold was modified from previous pathways. The original pathway used a Negishi-coupling followed by condensation with a benzaldehyde using pyrrole and di-tert-butyl anisole before being demethylated using either boron tribromide or a thiolate. The modified synthesis constructs the scaffold with a Negishi-coupling followed by a condensation with a benzaldehyde using pyrrole and a silyl protected di-methyl-phenol before being deprotected using triethylamine trihydrofluoride. The new pathway provides the opportunity limit toxic reagents and improve the overall efficiency of the synthesis. The dipyrrin scaffold was synthesized with differing phenol and naphthol groups and was analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry. These compounds display a strong long-wave absorption and reversible redox activity, making these promising candidates to support catalytic activity
Benefits, Costs, and Spatial Trends of Ecotourism in Iceland
No full textEcotourism is tourism directed towards exotic, often threatened, natural environments intended to support conservation efforts and observable wildlife. Iceland has experienced a substantial increase in ecotourism in the past 15 years, which now accounts for most of its economic wealth and GDP. Tragedy Of The Commons (Hardin, 1968) describes Earth as a closed system with finite resources. Individuals use Earth\u27s scarce resources to create benefits for themselves and leave the cost of consumption to the rest of society. Iceland is a small, isolated country with a population of 357,000 people in the Northern Atlantic; with its semi-closed environment, Icelandic culture has adapted to scarce resources since Viking settlements in 874 AD. To find the benefits and costs of ecotourism on Iceland’s nature and social life, Dr. Nathan Amador-Rowley and I traveled to Iceland to conduct IRB-approved surveys on locals and tourists and to observe the natural attractions used to create economic benefits on a national scale. After touring the Ring Road and talking with locals and tourists, we returned to OWU to study our collected data, being sure to notice the differences in responses from Reykjavik (the capital) compared to those observations recorded further and further away from the capital. We concluded that the spike in ecotourism had positively affected job creation, increased social opportunities like new malls and restaurants, and created hardships such as large crowds, more traffic, less attention to nature, relaxed rules, and complex language barriers. In areas further from the city, the responses focus on how tourism has affected Iceland’s natural landscape rather than social life
Disrememberment
No full textDisrememberment is a text-based horror videogame made on the Twine engine. The game\u27s story is based around Russian folklore and has multiple endings, a secret route, and a terrifying cast of characters
Where Is Garlic Mustard? Understanding the Ecological Context for Invasions of \u3ci\u3eAlliaria petiolata\u3c/i\u3e
No full textThe invasive plant Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) has spread throughout forest understory and edge communities in much of North America, but its persistence, density, and impacts have varied across sites and time. Surveying the literature since 2008, we evaluated both previously proposed and new mechanisms for garlic mustard\u27s invasion success and note how they interact and vary across ecological contexts. We analyzed how and where garlic mustard has been studied and found a lack of multisite and longitudinal studies, as well as regions that may be under- or overstudied, leading to poor representation for understanding and predicting future invasion dynamics. Inconsistencies in how sampling units are scaled and defined can also hamper our understanding of invasive species. We present new conceptual models for garlic mustard invasion from a macrosystems perspective, emphasizing the importance of synergies and feedbacks among mechanisms across spatial and temporal scales to produce variable ecological contexts