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Neo-Gender Balancing in Saudi Arabia: Divorce Under Social Exchange Theory
Full text linkThis paper uses Richard Emerson’s social exchange theory to analyze the balance in the exchange relations between men and women in Saudi Arabia. The paper is comprised of four major sections: (1) Emerson’s social exchange theory; (2) Saudi women in Vision 2030; (3) Statistics on Saudi women marital status; (4) Power dependence. Emerson’s five assumptions are applied to cases of Saudi women in order to demonstrate how winds of social change are affecting not only attitudes but also actual behaviors and decisions regarding divorce. Using the Comparison Level for Alternatives model, the results of the analysis are reported, and a few directions for future research in this area are offered
Actor–Partner Model of Parenting and Co-Parenting Practices and Youth Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Full text linkThe present research examined parents\u27 perspectives of co-parenting and supportive and hostile parenting as predictors of youth resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 47 mother/father dyads who had at least one K-12 child (Mage = 11.40, SD = 3.92). Mothers and fathers each completed an online survey that measured parenting, co-parenting, and youth resilience during the pandemic. Data were analyzed using the actor–partner interdependence model. Results revealed a positive relationship between mother supportiveness and perceived youth resilience; in contrast, increased father supportiveness was associated with lower perceived youth resilience. For both mothers and fathers, increases in their own hostility were associated with decreased perceived youth resilience and more positive co-parenting predicted greater resilience. Overall, findings showed that maternal supportiveness, parent hostility, and co-parenting were significantly related to youth resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study highlights the role of maternal supportiveness in youth resilience and the importance of including mother and father perspectives when examining the effects of parenting. Findings also have implications for family interventions and policies that facilitate youth resiliency by demonstrating the need to address both parent–child and co-parenting relationships during times of adversity
‘I Feel Like the Most Important Thing Is to Ensure That Women Feel Included…’: Immigrant Women’s Experiences of Integration and Gender Equality in Iceland During Times of Crisis
Full text linkEnabling gender equality by empowering women to fully engage in modern society is fundamental for building resilient and sustainable communities. While Iceland is recognized as a global leader in gender equality, the experiences of various immigrant groups can differ considerably, especially during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery. Given the rapid increase in the immigrant population in Iceland, it is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the processes surrounding immigrant women’s integration strategies, with an emphasis on gender equality through the lens of intersectionality. The main objective of this qualitative study is to explore the gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on female immigrants by examining how intersecting identities—including gender, ethnicity, religion, motherhood, and immigration status—shape their integration experiences in Iceland. Focusing on small, remote urban and rural communities in the Northeastern Region of Iceland (Norðurland eystra), this study draws on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with immigrant women conducted in 2022 and 2023, using both strength-based and deficit analyses. The study reveals key constraints and strengths in the integration of immigrant women, examined through the lens of underlying and pandemic-driven factors influencing immigrant women’s experiences in personal and social domains of integration. The findings indicate that, despite government gender equality standards and support programs, as well as the considerable resilience demonstrated by immigrant women during the pandemic, they continue to encounter significant barriers to achieving full integration. The findings suggest that acknowledging immigrant women as important constituents in policy development is a crucial step toward formulating and implementing more comprehensive, gender-responsive, and locally adaptive decentralized integration policies. Such policies are vital for securing Iceland’s long-term social sustainability and reinforcing its stature as a global leader in gender equality
Impact of Exercise Video-Guided Bodyweight Interval Training on Psychophysiological Outcomes in Inactive Adults with Obesity
Full text linkPurpose: Determine the impact of a 6-week YouTube-instructed bodyweight interval training (BW-IT) program on cardiometabolic health, muscular strength, and factors related to exercise adherence in adults with obesity. Methods: Fourteen adults (30.7 ± 10.3 yrs, BMI 35.5 ± 5.4 kg/m2) participated in this study. The BW-IT program progressed bi-weekly from a 1:3 to 1:1 work-to-rest ratio, using maximum effort intervals of high knees, squat jumps, scissor jacks, jumping lunges, and burpees. Pre- and post-intervention measures included peak oxygen consumption ( (Formula presented.) O2peak), relative quadriceps isometric muscular strength, waist circumference (WC), body composition via bioelectrical impedance, and cardiometabolic blood markers (blood glucose, insulin, lipid panel, and C-reactive protein). Self-efficacy (task and scheduling) and physical activity enjoyment (PACES) were also assessed. Results: Relative isometric muscular strength increased by 12.5% (p = 0.02, dz 0.4) and absolute (Formula presented.) O2peak by 4.2% (p = 0.03, dz = 0.2). WC reduced by 2.1% (p \u3c 0.001, dz = 0.2). Task self-efficacy was similar pre- to post-intervention (p = 0.53, dz = 0.2), while scheduling self-efficacy was reduced (p \u3c 0.004, dz = 1.1). PACES scores were 9.6% higher week one compared to week six of BW-IT (p = 0.003, dz = 0.6). No changes occurred in body composition or cardiometabolic blood markers. Conclusion: In previously inactive adults with obesity, 18 sessions of YouTube-instructed bodyweight interval training elicited small to moderate effects on lower extremity muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and waist circumference. Future studies may benefit from longer interventions and adding a greater variety of calisthenics to determine interventions that improve physiological health and maintain or enhance factors associated with exercise adherence
A Deep Dive into the Alignment of Classroom Management and a Social-Emotional Learning Curriculum
Full text linkUniversity of Northern Iowa Graduate Council Minutes, February 13, 2025
Full text linkMeeting minutes from the Graduate Council of the University of Northern Iowa
Relationship Satisfaction as a Mediator Between Attachment and Quality of Life
Full text linkThe goal of this study was to examine whether relationship satisfaction mediated the association between attachment and quality of life. The study included 314 participants who reported on visual imagery, emotional regulation, and relationship satisfaction. Our original hypothesis was supported using the attachment scales, which yielded all significant mediations in the anxiety, closeness, dependence, and avoidance categories. However, further research is needed to better understand the rationale behind why better attachment styles increase quality of life as well as examining relationship satisfaction as a mediator between attachment and quality of life
How Do Documentaries Depict the Experiences of Juveniles in Correctional Facilities?
Full text linkThe juvenile justice system is an entity that is separate from the criminal justice system, with the intended purpose of accommodating the unique needs of juveniles. This system has the primary goals of rehabilitation and punishment, with an emphasis on rehabilitation. Most of the general population has had little to no contact with the juvenile justice system.. In order to fill this gap, a great portion of the public relies on media representation to build up a foundation of knowledge. This can include gaining information from news sources as well as crime based tv shows and documentaries. Little research has been conducted regarding what message these media outlets are portraying about incarcerated youth. This study examines the experiences of youth as portrayed by documentaries, specifically focusing on the areas of physical, social, emotional, and mental wellbeing, trauma and past experiences, and systemic influences of the justice system. By understanding the portrayal of juveniles in documentaries, we can better understand what messages the public is receiving about incarcerated juveniles. An understanding of how documentaries portray juveniles is important, as this is the primary means by which the general public understand juvenile offenders. These images intern impacts their attitudes and behaviors about juveniles, such as supporting local or state policies or laws related to juvenile justice reform
