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Assessing the Role of Social Media as a Complementary Source in Pharmacovigilance: Insights from FAERS, X (formerly Twitter), and AskaPatient Data Across Multiple Drug Classes
No full textBackground: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose significant public health challenges yet remain substantially underreported in traditional pharmacovigilance systems. Social media platforms and patient-reported outcome forums have emerged as potential complementary sources for capturing real-time patient experiences with medications, but their integration with established surveillance systems remains underexplored.
Purpose: This study examined ADR reporting patterns across FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), X (formerly Twitter), and Askapatient to evaluate whether patient-generated digital data can complement traditional pharmacovigilance systems for enhanced drug safety monitoring.
Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design analyzed 107,753 reports representing 289,740 individual ADR occurrences for six medications (adalimumab, cetirizine, divalproex, levothyroxine, pregabalin, risperidone) collected from January 2020 to December 2022. Quantitative analyses included chi-square tests, two-way ANOVA, and correlation analyses to compare ADR frequencies and types across platforms. Sentiment analysis assessed the emotional tone of patient posts and tweets. Qualitative content analysis examined patient-generated descriptions to contextualize quantitative findings. The Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF) provided the theoretical lens for interpreting how platforms shape risk communication.
Results: Statistical analyses confirmed that ADR distributions differed significantly across platforms (χ² = 74,687.45, p \u3c .001, Cramer’s V = 0.36). FAERS emphasized regulatory-relevant events including medication errors and device issues, while patient platforms prioritized quality-of-life impacts such as fatigue, depression, and cognitive effects described using patient-coined terminology such as “brain fog.” Platform accounted for 75% of variance in reporting frequencies (η² = 0.75). Sentiment analysis revealed uniform negativity on Askapatient (99.6%) versus varied sentiment on X (84.5-97.6% negative). Correlation patterns showed that platform alignment varied by analytical level: X and Askapatient showed stronger alignment at the drug level (ρ = 0.83), while FAERS and X demonstrated strong correlation at the ADR level (ρ = 0.90). Patient narratives provided contextual richness missing from structured reports.
Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that FAERS, X, and Askapatient capture complementary rather than redundant safety information. Integration of these sources enhances comprehensive drug safety surveillance by bridging clinical significance with patient experiences. This study contributes methodological, empirical, and theoretical foundations for evolving pharmacovigilance toward patient-centered systems that genuinely incorporate lived experience in drug safety surveillance
Impact of Video Laryngoscopy on Pediatric and Neonatal Transport Intubation Success
No full textAbstract
Problem: Airway management is the primary intervention for halting clinical decompensation in pediatric and neonatal patients. In cases where patients require invasive support, endotracheal intubation (ETI) is the preferred method of airway securement. Unfortunately, ETI is a challenging skill to develop, especially when caring for children and infants, resulting in increased rates of failed ETI attempts which can result in worse outcomes. ETI success rates in the population of interest have fallen in recent years, nationally and among the clinicians in this project. The institution established a goal for first pass success (FPS) and video laryngoscope (VL) was introduced to support this goal.
Methods: This program evaluation utilizes retrospective chart review to assess the impact of access to a VL has on device use patterns and clinical outcomes, FPS and definitive airway sans hypoxia/hypotension on the first attempt (DASH 1A), among pediatric and neonatal transport clinicians.
Results: Following the implementation of VL access, the use of the device among clinicians was limited (n = 9) resulting in no significant differences between the preintervention and postintervention groups. Subgroup analysis resulted in a statistically significance difference between DL and VL for DASH 1A (t (16) = 1.455, p = .082) when α = .10, favoring VL; FPS (t (16) = .970, p = .173) showed trends in favor of VL. Risk estimates also favor VL; FPS (OR = 2.800, 95% CI [.361, 21.727], p \u3c 0.05), and DASH 1A (OR = 4.375, 95% CI [.564, 33.949], p \u3c 0.05). Overall success rate for FPS (DL 55.6%, VL 77.8%) and DASH 1A (DL 44.4%, VL 77.8%) favored VL.
Implications for Practice: VL is a resource that may improve FPS and DASH 1A rates among transport team clinicians at the institution studied in this project. VL presents several benefits when compared to DL including fewer complications, improved FPS and DASH 1A success, and training supervision. Supporting interventions, training bundles and documentation, may improve data collection and encourage use of VL. Ongoing evaluation of VL use and the target outcomes should be continued to guide clinical practice and support the goals of the institution
Assessing Psychologists’ Clinical Knowledge of Geriatric Depression: A Validation Study of the Later Life Depression Knowledge Questionnaire
Full text linkBecause the US population is rapidly aging, generalist clinicians will increasingly be called upon to provide mental health services to older adults. Unfortunately, most generalist clinicians do not possess the specialized knowledge to provide clinical services to this population and will require training. Professional training efforts are currently hindered by the lack of psychometrically supported scales of clinical disorders specific to aging. Without such scales, it is difficult to evaluate the impact of continuing education programs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties and scale dimensionality of the Later Life Depression Knowledge Questionnaire (LLD-KQ), a 25-item measure assessing clinical knowledge of later life depression. Psychologists (N = 800) selected from license registries in California and Texas were mailed a survey packet, to be completed via mail or online. Of the 772 delivered packets, 250 participants (32.4%) returned surveys with usable data. The LLD-KQ demonstrated adequate internal consistency, convergent validity, and divergent validity. Scale dimensionality showed support for a three-factor model, although the difference between the three-factor model and single-factor model was minimal. The LLD-KQ may be used in dissemination science and practice to evaluate improved knowledge from participation in post-licensure education courses as well as to assess current clinical knowledge of later life depression
Developing Full Performance Interpreters: Cultivating Interdisciplinary Mindsets and Skillsets to Engage Audiences in Climate Change, Women\u27s History, and Other Contested Heritage Topics
Full text linkHeritage sites immerse visitors in places where the impacts of climate change are readily apparent. They are also powerful places to elevate untold stories of women and girls. Heritage site interpreters interact daily with audiences who bring diverse lived experiences, different levels of subject matter knowledge, and multiple perspectives on climate change and the role of women in history. Every visitor interaction has a set of meanings, values, and narratives that visitors knowingly or unknowingly espouse. To interpret contested heritage topics, such as climate change and women’s history, interpreters must cultivate interdisciplinary mindsets and skillsets. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to examine two contested heritage topics, typically viewed as distinct and disconnected, through the lens of four truth inquiry—a framework developed by the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission—to identify the mindsets and skillsets that interpreters need to engage audiences in contested heritage. The study identifies implications for heritage site programming related to climate change and women’s history and recommends strategies to strengthen interpreters’ ability to use interdisciplinary approaches in their work. Two studies conducted between 2023 and 2024 informed this work. The first focused on climate change communication. It included in situ and online semi-structured interviews with heritage site staff, visitors, and subject matter experts at Joshua Tree and Glacier Bay National Parks. The second utilized online focus group interviews to engage interpreters, educators, and subject matter experts in discussions about women’s history. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results demonstrate that interpreters require interdisciplinary mindsets and skillsets to engage with audiences on contested heritage topics, such as women’s history and climate change, and need support to develop these capacities. The study introduces an updated interpretive equation (i.e., Lister’s Interpretive Equation) that redefines the variables required in an equation first introduced by the National Park Service in the 1990s. To develop full-performance interpreters, heritage sites need conceptual frameworks and practical tools to help interpreters nurture a holistic understanding of changing natural environments and diverse narratives that recognize and honor the contributions of women to the broader American story
Objects of Power: Female Instrumentalists in Medieval to Early Modern Europe
No full textWomen are difficult to locate in traditional histories of western music, especially performers and particularly instrumentalists. The relationship between a female performer, the instrument she played, and her audience was especially fraught, constituting a complicated web of gendered relations and power dynamics. An examination of the contexts in which women played instruments in medieval to early modern Europe elucidates how women in these societies interacted with music and musical institutions. While women were generally excluded from musical institutions and discouraged from playing most musical instruments, many women nevertheless chose to take up an instrument outside of professional contexts. From the Renaissance onward, amateur music-making was a popular pastime for the men and women of Europe’s middle to upper classes. There were also women who earned a living making music but were not part of professional music-making institutions, a class of itinerant musicians known as jongleress or Spielfrau. Both elite and working-class women were subject to patriarchal scrutiny in the context of their music-making, which usually manifested as social limitations on which types of instruments were considered acceptable for them to play. There were also some women who were members of the professional class of musicians. The most famous of these were the women who played in the orchestra of the Ospedale della Pietá in Venice, who garnered wide acclaim at the same time as they were objectified by the men who witnessed their performances. This phenomenon corresponds to a wider trend which conflated female musical performance with sexual performance, a relationship which was especially charged when a woman played an instrument, as it introduced the eroticism of touch into the performance. The conflation of music and sexual desire served as a means to regulate women’s behavior in the context of musical performance, which is itself a unique nexus of power. While instrumental performance allowed some women unique modes of expression and in some cases employment, the gendering of these instruments and women’s relation to them served as a means to reinforce patriarchal control over the place of women in the public sphere
A Study on the Great Comet of 2024: C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) via Radio Interferometry
No full textOur solar system is approximately 4.5 billion years old. Comets are remnants of its formation, serving as time capsules to give us an understanding of its natal heritage. Revealing our own solar system’s history allows us to gain insights into other young stellar systems and the potential for life elsewhere. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) was a comet from the Oort cloud on its first and possibly only journey to the inner solar system. The comet grew in brightness until it was brighter than Venus on October 9th, 2024, making it temporarily brighter than Venus and one of the brightest comets of the past century. Dubbed the Great Comet of 2024 by NASA because it was easily visible to the naked eye, comet A3 renewed public interest in comets. We conducted spectroscopic observations of comet A3 on October 1st, 2024, using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) radio telescope located in the Atacama Desert in Chile. We used the Band 8 receiver centered near 460 GHz, sampling thermal continuum emission from the nucleus and dust in the coma, as well as spectral line emission from CH3OH (methanol), SO (sulfur monoxide), and NH2D (ammonia). We detected continuum emission but did not detect spectral line emission. We modeled the continuum properties of the dust coma following the methods of previous studies at millimeter wavelengths. We will compare our upper limits on molecular abundances in A3 against other compositional studies which determined it to be depleted in carbon-chain molecules and will discuss our calculated dust mass and upper limits on the size of the nucleus
Comparing Love and Vaping: An event-related potentials study
No full textPeople seem addicted to their beloved. This study aims to compare love and addiction. The research examines how craving, attention, valence, and arousal differ between a beloved and a vape. 14 participants who were in love and vaped at least once a day have been recruited so far (5 women, 9 men, 22-49 years) and data collection is ongoing. Participants completed questionnaires, a computer task, and valence and arousal ratings. During the computer task, participants viewed pictures of their beloved, vaping strangers, and neutral strangers while their electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Participants experienced more craving for their beloved than a vape. The Late Positive Potential, which reflects motivated attention, was greater for the beloved than the vaping strangers and neutral strangers. Participants felt more pleasant while viewing their beloved than vaping strangers or neutral strangers. And participants felt most aroused while viewing their beloved, intermediately aroused when viewing vaping strangers, and least aroused when viewing neutral strangers. This study suggests love is more intense in terms of craving, attention, valence, and arousal than addiction to vaping
An Empirical Examination of Humble Leadership and Employee Career Adaptability
No full textThis study examined the mediating role of leader-member exchange (LMX) and mentoring in the relationship between leader-expressed humility and employee career adaptability, and the moderating impact of an internal talent mobility program (ITM). The theoretical basis for the research was social learning theory and social exchange theory. Data were collected from employees across multiple organizations in the U.S. Results showed that leader-expressed humility was positively related to LMX, which in turn enhanced mentoring, and mentoring was positively associated with employee career adaptability. The moderating effect of ITM on the mentoring-employee career adaptability relationship was significant, suggesting that a comprehensive internal talent mobility program may amplify the positive impact of mentoring on cultivating employee career adaptability. This study demonstrated the positive influence of humble leadership, LMX, and mentoring on employee career adaptability which is critical to organizations as the workplace is continuously evolving. Further, results suggest that organizations must strategically prioritize talent management through internal talent management platforms. Implications for future research and practice are discussed
The American Politics of Firearms - The Case Between Illinois and Missouri
No full textThe issue of gun control is a hot topic in the field of American politics. It is a huge issue in the field of political science and in American public policy. In 2023, there were 18,874 firearm deaths in the United States, excluding suicides. The highest was in 2021 with the firearm related deaths at 21,068. One side argues that firearms can cause serious harm and death while the other side argues they can also reduce the rates of gun violence. There are different opinions on how to resolve the issue of mass shootings across the country. According to prior research, there is more support for gun control than there was 30 years ago. The effect extends as far as to shape the lives of millions of Americans who have experienced it, know the victims of a public shootings, or are concerned about when the next shooting will occur.
The aim of this dissertation is to answer the research question of how Illinois and Missouri have innovated policies regarding firearms. Before answering this question, it is important to cover the history of gun politics, the Second Amendment, and how Illinois and Missouri have interpreted the right to bear arms in the first chapter. The second chapter will discuss the prior research and what scholars have found on gun policies. There will be a discussion about the methodology used to support the hypotheses. Illinois and Missouri have statutes and procedures regarding firearms and how they shaped their state governments. The third chapter will discuss the main hypotheses that I believe will support this research. The fourth chapter will discuss public opinion on the gun policies between Illinois and Missouri while the concluding chapter will discuss the results
The Impact of Teachers\u27 Mathematics Qualifications on Student Proficiency
No full textSchools across the United States face persistent challenges in strengthening mathematics and science education. The present study investigates the relationship between mathematics teachers’ qualifications and their students’ performance on standardized assessments, using data from a Midwestern urban school district’s ACT mathematics scores. Findings are discussed within the broader context of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education and national efforts to enhance competitiveness among industrialized nations. Despite the presence of leading universities and colleges, U.S. students continue to rank near the middle internationally in math and science achievement, according to the Pew Research Center. Contributing factors include disparities in teacher preparation, variability in instructional quality, limitations in educational resources, and inconsistent federal and state standards. Ongoing research underscores the need for more targeted and data-driven approaches to improving STEM education outcomes, particularly within a society increasingly shaped by digital technology and information systems. This study suggests that teachers’ qualifications and experience make a positive contribution to their students’ performance in standardized tests