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Evaluation of a Token Reinforcement System for Assignment Completion in Students with Educational Disabilities
Get PDFToken reinforcement systems are an effective tool in applied behavior analysis. Studies as early as the 1960s and 70s have demonstrated the effectiveness of token economy from addressing the behaviors of psychiatric patients (e.g., Allyon & Azrin, 1965) to supporting the academic achievement of students in school settings (e.g., McLaughlin & Malaby, 1972) Most recently, Espinoza and Hackenberg (2024) discussed the history and effectiveness of token reinforcement, while providing practical recommendations for its application. The current study aimed to implement a token reinforcement system to increase assignment completion and accuracy in three eighth-grade students with various medical and educational diagnoses in a Title One school district. Participants received a 10-question assignment worksheet of previously taught math problems. A changing-criterion design was implemented to evaluate the effects of a token system on problem-solving accuracy. Probes were conducted in their general education classroom and special education classroom. During the intervention, participants received tokens for problems answered correctly based on a system with increasing criterion. Results showed that the token system was an effective strategy to increase assignment accuracy and completion in all three participants, similar to the findings of McLaughlin and Malaby (1972)
How Leadership Styles Impact LGBTQ+ Civil Rights
Get PDFLeaders rely on different leadership styles to legitimize their rule and obtain political power. However, these leadership styles have positive or negative impacts for protecting human rights in the LGBTQ+ community. This thesis examines how political leadership styles impact protecting or repressing the civil rights of the LGBTQ+ community. This article argues that constitutionalist leaders who abide by the “rule of law” will better protect LGBTQ+ civil rights than personalist, ideological, or performative leadership styles. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative research methods, this paper examines how leadership styles impact LGBTQ+ discrimination
Perspectives of an Automotive Technician and Automotive Technician Educator: An Autoethnography
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to explore automotive technician and automotive technician educator’s obstacles and expectations they faced during their educational and occupational endeavors. Constructivism and social constructivism were used as theoretical frameworks. Autoethnography was the selected qualitative research method. Using an interpretive process, several convergent topics were identified: education encouraging professional interests, professional obstacles, challenging normalcies, training and educating automotive technicians, the drive for professional certification, bridging the gap between industry and education, experience, patience, and exposure.
Several methods are recommended to help future automotive technicians and automotive technician educators overcome obstacles they might face, which include the development of case studies for educational validity, enhancing active learning practices, and developing competency-based curriculum for occupational preparation. Furthermore, engaging with a more diverse audience of automotive technicians and automotive technician educators in terms of numerical representation, environment of employment, and years of professional experience would provide broader perspectives not captured during this research
Between Fodor and Sellars -- A Middle Ground for Language-like Neural Representations
Get PDFThe recent resurgence of the language of thought (LOT) hypothesis has drawn much attention. The history of philosophy and cognitive science has provided us with various versions of LOT. From Sellars to Fodor, theorists have offered us considerations on the vehicles, content, and functions of such a representation format. However, it’s been more than 50 years since Fodor’s publication on LOT (1975), and the resurgence suggests that we need a modern iteration of LOT to fit with recent developments in the study on cognition. Therefore, in this paper, I argue that we need a middle ground between Fodor and Sellars’s views on LOT – specifically, we should abandon Fodor’s view on the vehicle and content of LOT, and we should also acknowledge that perception might involve LOT (contrary to what Sellars thought). What we should focus on is LOT representations’ format’s function, that at least some neural processes are analogous to linguistic structures, and how such a function is able to facilitate a modern situational view of cognitive representation. Having this account of LOT, we can make it a more versatile tool fitting with the other cognitive frameworks, such as the free energy principle and Bayesian inference
Mindfulness-based intervention reduce interference of negative stimuli to working memory in individuals with subclinical depression: A randomized controlled fMRI study
Get PDFBackground: Individuals with subclinical depression are prone to major depression and experience emotional responses and attentional biases to negative stimuli. Method: In a randomized controlled study (N = 42) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined the neurocognitive mechanisms behind mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) combining loving-kindness meditation (LKM) on a group with subclinical depression compared with the relaxation group across emotional face n-back (EFNBACK) tasks and resting state. We also collected behavioral and self-reported data to confirm neurocognitive results. Results: During EFNBACK, the MBCT+LKM group showed greater activation in the left lingual gyrus and right inferior lateral occipital cortex. During rest, the MBCT+LKM group demonstrated increased connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex and right inferior lateral occipital cortex, right anterior insula and left precentral gyrus. From amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) data, activity in brain regions associated with cognitive control decreased and activity in brain regions associated with sensorimotor increased. Conclusion: These results suggest that MBCT+LKM alleviate depression for subclinical individuals through improving executive function when they face negative stimuli
Enough
No full textWhen is enough enough? This collection of thirteen connected short stories centers women and their relationships with other women as mothers, sisters, wives, and daughters. Many of these women came of age believing that they could have it all, only to find that the realities of motherhood, partnerships, careers, and aging parents—as well as the physical, mental, and emotional disruptions of the menopause transition—have made for very different lives than they once imagined.
The women of Enough are raw and flawed and fully human. They question when they have given and done and been enough—for themselves and the people they love. And then, when they have had enough, they fight for things to change. With unflinching honesty, humor, and sharp observations about the world around them, the women in these character-driven stories grapple with questions of identity, self-worth, success, obligation, and responsibility.
Note: This thesis is under a author requested embargo until 2224, after which it will become available in accordance with end of expected copyright protection. This embargo year is intentional and not an error
umsllibraries | Reels | 2024-08-19 - 2 of 2
No full textPosted Text:Reminder: Café TJ will not be reopening. Instead, we\u27re excited to announce that a Starbucks is currently under construction on our main level! ️. In the meantime, explore extended hours and dining options at the Nosh. Stay tuned for updates! #TipTuesday #UMSL #UMSLLibraries #CampusLife #Starbucks
Post Description:
This video announces the permanent closure of Café TJ in August 2024 and shares alternative on-campus dining options.https://irl.umsl.edu/instagram/1022/thumbnail.jp
Use of DFT Calculations as a Tool for Designing New Solvatochromic Probes for Biological Applications
Get PDFThe intramolecular charge transfer behavior of push–pull dyes is the origin of their sensitivity to environment. Such compounds are of interest as probes for bioimaging and as biosensors to monitor cellular dynamics and molecular interactions. Those that are solvatochromic are of particular interest in studies of lipid dynamics and heterogeneity. The development of new solvatochromic probes has been driven largely by the need to tune desirable properties such as solubility, emission wavelength, or the targeting of a particular cellular structure. DFT calculations are often used to characterize these dyes. However, if a correlation between computed (dipole moment) and experimentally measured solvatochromic behavior can be established, they can also be used as a design tool that is accessible to students. Here, we examine this correlation and include case studies of the effects of probe modifications and conformation on dipole moments within families of solvatochromic probes. Indeed, the ground state dipole moment, an easily computed parameter, is correlated with experimental solvatochromic behavior and can be used in the design of new environment-sensitive probes before committing resources to synthesis
Exploring Best Practices in UMSL’s Collaborative Laboratory Internship and Mentoring Blueprint (CLIMB) Program
Get PDFThe Collaborative Laboratory Internships and Mentoring Blueprint (CLIMB) was inspired by the University of Missouri–St. Louis and the Jennings School District’s desire to address the opportunity gap among minority students in the St. Louis region. Since its inception in 2015, CLIMB has expanded to meet the needs of local students to reduce the opportunity gap facing disadvantaged local school districts