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Self-Harm in Female Youth with Undiagnosed ADHD: Implementing American Academy of Pediatrics Screening Guidelines
Get PDFAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. If undiagnosed or untreated, ADHD can lead to severe psychosocial issues such as academic failure, substance abuse, unplanned pregnancy, and incarceration. The financial burden in the U.S. from diagnostic errors creates an immense, rising fiscal impact. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent these complications.
Females with ADHD, particularly those with the inattentive subtype, often face diagnostic challenges due to symptom masking and over-compensation. This results in poorer cognitive functioning and self-esteem compared to males with ADHD. ADHD is linked to autonomic nervous system dysregulation and impulse inhibition, which are also associated with non-suicidal self-harm (NSSI). However, impulsive self-harm is often overlooked in ADHD assessments, despite the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommending evaluation for children with impulsivity who display academic or behavioral problems.
Although literature supports ADHD screening for youth with behavioral concerns and a history of NSSI, this has not been routinely implemented in clinical practice. This project aimed to address the gap in ADHD diagnosis in females by implementing routine ADHD screening for female youth with a history of NSSI in a Midwest outpatient community telehealth setting. The Conners 4™ assessment tools, known for their reliability and validity, were used. Screening involved administering the ADHD Index and Self-Report tool, followed by a comprehensive evaluation for those who screened positive.
The study included six female patients aged 10 to 13 with a history of NSSI. Results showed that 50% of participants had a High or Very High probability of ADHD, all of whom were subsequently diagnosed with ADHD after further evaluation. These findings suggest that the ADHD screening method is significantly better than random chance at identifying ADHD cases. The project highlights the importance of early ADHD screening and diagnosis, particularly in females with self-harm behaviors, to improve patient outcomes and address gender disparities in ADHD diagnosis. Further research with larger, more diverse samples is recommended to validate these findings and inform clinical practices and guidelines
Animal Conservation in St. Louis
Get PDFSt. Louis has a multitude of organizations involved in the natural sciences. But how many of them actually contribute towards animal conservation? The St. Louis Zoo is an organization that focuses a lot of its effort on presentation, so how does that impact the funds that go towards actually saving the animals? I plan to dive into the different animal-based organizations in St. Louis and its surrounding areas, as well as discuss the positives and negatives of each organization. Furthermore, I will provide examples from several sources that I have been reviewing all year to support my claims. I plan to educate my audience on what exactly animal conservation is, as well as describe how animal conservation advocates can best support these species. My goal is that guests will be more aware of what exactly these animal-based organizations do, and which is the best to support in terms of animal conservation
The Life and Music of Hazel Felman
No full textAt the turn of the 20th century, a new generation of American women began to make their mark on the male-dominated industry of classical music. The sexist policies which historically barred women from entering music conservatories had loosened, offering greater access to formal music education and producing America’s first great wave of professional female composers, performers, and conductors. Today, very few of these women would find their work exalted in the canon of western classical music, much of it having gone critically unappraised, underperformed, and haphazardly preserved. This thesis examines the life and music of Hazel Felman (1892 - 1974), a composer and arts patron from Chicago who between 1916 and 1945 maintained a vibrant career in the classical music industry, collaborated with many notable 20th century literary and musical personalities, produced hundreds of compositions, and yet remains virtually unknown today. Included in this thesis are the first-ever biography of the composer and an annotated catalogue of her surviving music. In the absence of an existing biography of Felman, biographical information was synthesized from primary source materials – letters of correspondence, newspaper articles, and performance reviews. In addition to the biography and catalogue, the project includes a live performance of several of Felman\u27s surviving compositions, to be featured at the Undergraduate Student Research Symposium. Some of these pieces were never published, and most have not been performed since the 1930\u27s. This research fills a gap left by the historic suppression of female creativity and highlights the need for music historians to shift their attention to the neglected corners of the classical genre, which are cluttered with minority-created music unduly forgotten as ephemera
Studying the genes and conditions that influence root development
Get PDFRoot development in plants is essential for their survival and understanding how hormones influence their development can explain how plants grow under different circumstances. Researching how Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), a hormone that induces root production, affects the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana helps explain the hormone\u27s effect in agricultural crop systems. To understand root pathways, we performed assays on mutant lines of Arabidopsis by growing plants on varying concentrations of IBA. For wild-type and mutant lines, phenotyping experiments like branching of roots, lengths of stems, and root length were conducted along with PCR and restriction digest genotyping experiments to compare their genetic differences. The root length experiment indicates that mutant lines grow longer roots than wild-type, suggesting these genes are involved in the normal responses. IBA concentrations have an influential effect on root development in all experimental conditions. The results from these experiments give insight into the genes that are disrupted by these mutations. This research explains how the roots behave in varying conditions and hormone concentrations that can translate to agriculture. With the climate changing rapidly in the world, our research gives insight on how roots of plants can be influenced to best support growth in a variety of environments
Socio-Demographic Risks Affect Executive Functioning
Get PDFThe goal of study 1 was to see if there was an association between average fixation durations in infants and socio-demographic risk. There were 102 infants (3.5 month old) that participated in the study. While infants were looking at stimuli, the researchers tracked their average fixation durations; their mothers took the socio-demographic risk scale (Rutter, 1979; Sameroff, 2000). This scale shows the mothers cumulative risk score by giving points to mothers based on their socio-demographic circumstances. Mothers received a point if they were, below median maternal education, below median estimated family income, or a racial minority. Results showed that the higher the socio-demographic risk score for the mothers, the higher the average fixation durations in infants. The goal of study 2 was to see if there was an association between academic performance and average fixation durations. There were 67 undergraduates who participated in the study. Participants self reported their GPA and took the same eye tracking procedure as study 1. Results showed that the lower the GPA the higher the average fixation durations
Editorial: Emotional intelligence in applied settings: approaches to its theoretical model, measurement, and application
Get PDFumsllibraries | Posts | 2020-09-11
No full textPosted Text: Happy Friday, Tritons!! We\u27ve finished week 3. Have an awesome weekend!
Post Description:Meme: There\u27s some prose in this house. There\u27s some prose in this house. There\u27s some prose in this house. With photos of very full bookshelves below.https://irl.umsl.edu/instagram/1036/thumbnail.jp
umsllibraries | Reels | 2024-04-12
No full textPosted Text: Hey Tritons! Did you know that April is National Poetry Month? The library has a new display where you can create your own blackout or erasure poem! Blackout poetry is a poetry style in which you cross out or remove words from an original text to create something new with what is left. Stop by the library to make one of your own, and add it to our board! #UMSL #UMSLLibraries #PoetryMonthPost Description: Posted for National Poetry Month 2024, this video promotes a time-limited poetry-themed event.https://irl.umsl.edu/instagram/1012/thumbnail.jp
Mapping Diversity in St. Louis: Beyond Black and White
No full textIntroduction
St. Louis is often cited as one of the most segregated cities in the U.S., a description that fits if only Black and White residents are considered. However, over 14% of the city’s population identified as neither Black or White in the 2020 U.S. Census, suggesting that descriptions of residential patterns should be expanded to include other groups.
Methods
Using data from the 2020 U.S. Census, I calculated E-scores (Iceland, 2004), a measure of diversity ranging from 0 (only one group present) to 1.609 (maximum diversity for five groups), at the census block group level, computed descriptive statistics, and graphed and mapped the results.
I also calculated Theil’s Index (a measure of segregation) for the city as a whole and classified neighborhoods according to the presence or absence of five racial and ethnic groups (Black, White, Hispanic, Asian, and other/mixed), using methodology adopted from Zhang and Logan (2010, 2016) and mapped the results.
Results
Over 70% of neighborhoods include at least two racial or ethnic groups, and 11.8% include four. The mixed/other category was omitted for this categorization because it is present in nearly all block groups. The most common racial/ethnic combination within a block group was White, Black and Asian, followed by Black only, White and Asian, and all four groups (White, Black, Asian, Hispanic). Virtually no block groups are White only (1.9%), but 27.4% are Black only. All four groups are present in 11.8% of census block groups. E-scores are distributed bimodally, with one cluster of block groups with low diversity and another cluster with high diversity. Theil’s Index for St. Louis City = .2653 (similar to Chicago).
Racial and ethnic diversity is highest in the Central Corridor and parts of South St. Louis, as measured by both E-scores and presence of multiple racial and ethnic groups, while diversity is much lower in North St. Louis, where most single-group (Black only) neighborhoods are located.
Conclusions
St. Louis remains a segregated city, and many Black residents remain isolated from other racial and ethnic groups. However, White, Hispanic and Asian people are likely to live in neighborhoods including other racial and ethnic groups, and many Black residents live in diverse neighborhoods as well. Descriptions of residential patterns in cities should include measures of diversity as well as segregation because both characteristics can be present at the same time