50175 research outputs found
Sort by
Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV
No full textA measurement of the energy density in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sTeV is presented. The data have been recorded with the CMS experiment at the LHC during low luminosity operations in 2015. The energy density is studied as a function of pseudorapidity in the ranges -6.6<<-5.2 and 3.15<||<5.20. The results are compared with the predictions of several models. All the models considered suggest a different shape of the pseudorapidity dependence compared to that observed in the data. A comparison with LHC proton-proton collision data at s=0.9 and 7 TeV confirms the compatibility of the data with the hypothesis of limiting fragmentation
Simulations of gas-liquid compressible-incompressible systems using SPH
No full textGas bubbles immersed in a liquid and flowing through a large pressure gradient undergo volumetric deformation in addition to possible deviatoric deformation. While the high density liquid phase can be assumed to be an incompressible fluid, the gas phase needs to be modeled as a compressible fluid for such bubble flow problems. The Rayleigh-Plesset (RP) equation describes such a bubble undergoing volumetric deformation due to changes in pressure in the ambient incompressible fluid in the presence of capillary force at its boundary, assuming axisymmetric dynamics. We propose a compressible-incompressible coupling of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and validate this coupling against the RP model in two dimensions. This study complements the SPH simulations of a different class of compressible-incompressible systems where an outer compressible phase affects the dynamics of an inner incompressible phase. For different density ratios, a sinusoidal pressure variation is applied to the ambient incompressible liquid and the response of the bubble in terms of volumetric deformation is observed and compared with the solutions of the axisymmetric RP equation. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Influence of Bi content on linear and nonlinear optical properties of As40Se60-xBix chalcogenide thin films
No full textThe manuscript reports the effect of Bi content on the linear and nonlinear optical properties as well as the structural and physical properties in thermally evaporated As(40)Se(60)(-x)Bi(x )chalcogenide thin films. The optical properties of the as-deposited films have been studied from the optical transmission data recorded by UV-Visible spectrometer. The linear optical parameters (linear refractive index n, extinction coefficient k, absorption coefficient alpha), indirect optical band gap, Urbach energy, oscillator energy, dispersion energy were calculated from the transmission data which were strongly influenced by Bi content. The dispersion of refractive index was analyzed in terms of single oscillator Wemple-Di Domenico model. The third order nonlinear susceptibility (chi((3))) and nonlinear refractive index (n(2)) were calculated from the linear parameters using semi-empirical relations. The optical gap decreased which was discussed by chemical bond approach and degree of disorder possessed by the films. The optical properties changes in the films were also well supported by the Raman shift. The structural characterization by X-ray diffraction revealed the amorphous nature of the prepared films whereas the composition and micro structure of the studied films were probed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy study
Numerical Investigation of the Origin of Anomalous Tensile Twinning in Magnesium Alloys
No full textIt has been observed that tension twins (TTs) are triggered in rolled polycrystalline magnesium alloys under tensile loading applied along the rolling direction (RD) or the transverse direction. This is surprising because these alloys have a near-basal texture, and TTs would therefore cause extension (instead of contraction) along the normal direction. In this work, the origin of these anomalous TTs is first examined by performing crystal plasticity-based finite element simulations using model textures, wherein the c-axis in one grain is systematically tilted toward the loading direction (RD), with the other grains maintained in ideal basal orientation. It is shown that strong basal slip is triggered in the former, which through its effect on the local stress distribution plays a catalytic role in activating TTs. The above behavior is also observed in a simulation performed with an actual texture pertaining to a rolled AZ31 Mg alloy. Most importantly, when basal slip is suppressed, evolution of TTs is found to be very much retarded. The present results corroborate well with experimental observations
A simple and flexible enzymatic glucose biosensor using chitosan entrapped mesoporous carbon nanocomposite
No full textA flexible and promising amperometric glucose biosensor was reported using direct immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) on chitosan supported mesoporous carbon (MPC-CHT) nanocomposite. The availability of more functional groups particularly amine groups, the CHT was selected as an immobilization matrix as well as cross linker for GOx. The MPC-CHT-GOx composites were characterized well and discussed in details. The MPC-CHT-GOx modified electrode accelerates fast electron transfer on the electrode surface due to the excellent intermolecular interaction between the CHT and GOx molecule. Besides, the MPC-CHT-GOx composite showed well-defined redox behavior with enhanced direct electron transfer (DET) of GOx in PBS, pH 7. Amperometric response of MPC-CHT-GOx modified electrode displayed a good linear response over the glucose concentration ranges from 250 mu M to 3 mM with a detection limit (LOD) and sensitivity of 4.1 mu M and 56.12 mu A mM(-1) cm(-2), respectively. The MPC-CHT-GOx modified electrode also displayed good charge transfer coefficient (alpha) and heterogeneous rate constant (k(s)) values are 0.56 and 2.2182 s(-1). Besides, the MPC-CHT-GOx modified electrode exhibited good bio-catalytic activity with the Michaelis-Menten saturation (K-m(app)) value was about 2.14 mM. The practicability of the sensor was evaluated in biological real samples with satisfactory recoveries
Least-squares registration of point sets over SE(d) using closed-form projections
No full textConsider the problem of registering multiple point sets in some d-dimensional space using rotations and translations. Assume that there are sets with common points, and moreover the pairwise correspondences are known for such sets. We consider a least-squares formulation of this problem, where the variables are the transforms associated with the point sets. The present novelty is that we reduce this nonconvex problem to an optimization over the positive semidefinite cone, where the objective is linear but the constraints are nevertheless nonconvex. We propose to solve this using variable splitting and the alternating directions method of multipliers (ADMM). Due to the linearity of the objective and the structure of constraints, the ADMM subproblems are given by projections with closed-form solutions. In particular, for m point sets, the dominant cost per iteration is the partial eigendecomposition of an and x and matrix, and m - 1 singular value decompositions of d x d matrices. We empirically show that for appropriate parameter settings, the proposed solver has a large convergence basin and is stable under perturbations. As applications, we use our method for 2D shape matching and 3D multiview registration. In either application, we model the shapes/scans as point sets and determine the pairwise correspondences using ICP. In particular, our algorithm compares favorably with existing methods for multiview reconstruction in terms of timing and accuracy
Random lattice strain and its relaxation towards the morphotropic phase boundary of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-based piezoelectrics: Impact on the structural and ferroelectric properties
No full textWe demonstrate that the lead-free piezoelectric compound Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) exhibits random lattice strain in the ferroelectric phase, and that this feature primarily dictates the way the system evolves towards the morphotropic phase boundary in the unpoled state of NBT-based piezoelectrics. Investigations on two different morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) systems, namely Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 - K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT-KBT) and Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 - BaTiO3 (NBT-BT), revealed that the coupled structural-polar evolution towards the MPB is primarily driven by the necessity to minimize this strain. Our study suggests that the random lattice strain originates in the random stacking of the in-phase tilt and antiphase octahedral tilted regions, and that the system is able to minimize it by adopting a sequential stacking of the two tilt types, leading to a long-period modulation in the octahedral tilt configuration over large parts of the sample volume. This hinders the development of long-range ferroelectric order as the MPB is approached. We also demonstrate that the composition showing the maximum piezoelectric coefficient corresponds to a structural state wherein considerable polar-structural disorder coexists with the field-stabilized long-range rhombohedral ferroelectric order after poling, and not coexistence of two ferroelectric phases (tetragonal and rhombohedral), generally believed
Circulating Tumor Cell cluster phenotype allows monitoring response to treatment and predicts survival
No full textCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are putative markers of tumor prognosis and may serve to evaluate patient's response to chemotherapy. CTCs are often detected as single cells but infrequently as clusters and are indicative of worse prognosis. In this study, we developed a short-term culture of nucleated blood cells which was applied to blood samples from breast, lung, esophageal and bladder cancer patients. Clusters of different degrees of compactness, classified as very tight, tight and loose were observed across various cancer types. These clusters show variable expression of cytokeratins. Cluster formation from blood samples obtained during the course of chemotherapy was found to be associated with disease progression and shorter overall survival. The short-term cultures offer a robust and highly reliable method for early prediction of treatment response in different cancer types
Reinforced photocatalytic reduction of SnO2 nanoparticle by La incorporation for efficient photodegradation under visible light irradiation
No full textIn this era of technology, evolving and understanding the physicochemical properties of a novel photocatalytic material to degrade organic species in polluted water is most needed all over the globe due to environmental production. This study reports the influence of lanthanum (La) in physicochemical properties of tin (II) dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles and its application towards methylene blue (MB) degradation under sunlight. The SnO2, 2mol% La incorporated SnO2 and 4mol% La incorporated SnO2 (4mol% La) nanoparticles were synthesized by simple co-precipitation method and characterized. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate higher angle shifts and peak broadening with respect to increase in La concentration. High-resolution transmission electron microscopic images (HR-TEM) reveal that SnO2 particle size decreases with respect to increase in La concentration. Morphological analysis shows that addition of La changes SnO2 morphology from agglomeration to segregated porous nature. Energy dispersive spectrum confirms the presence of parent and dopant elements in La incorporated SnO2 nanoparticles. UV-Visible spectrum indicates the increase in the band gap of La incorporated SnO2 due to the quantum size effect. The surface disorder, reduction in particle size and phonon confinement are identified from the Raman spectral analysis. Moreover, electrochemical analysis demonstrates the possible electrochemical activity of the materials as well as confirms that La provides higher charge transfer kinetics and stability to SnO2 nanoparticle. In addition, the calculated CBM potential confirms that La increases the redox potential of SnO2 nanoparticle, which is an ample condition to reduce O-2 as O-2(-). The fast MB degradation kinetics achieved by 4mol% La-SnO2 nanoparticle, which degrades 99% of MB within 60min under sunlight irradiation and exhibits more than 90% photodegradation efficiency up to ten recycle. A through study of possible photocatalytic mechanism for the photocatalytic degradation is discussed
Search for a standard model-like Higgs boson in the mass range between 70 and 110 GeV in the diphoton final state in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 and 13 TeV
No full textThe results of a search for a standard model-like Higgs boson in the mass range between 70 and 110 GeV decaying into two photons are presented. The analysis uses the data set collected with the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions during the 2012 and 2016 LHC running periods. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 (35.9) fb(-1) at root s = 8 (13) TeV. The expected and observed 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction into two photons are presented. The observed upper limit for the 2012 (2016) data set ranges from 129 (161) fb to 31 (26) fb. The statistical combination of the results from the analyses of the two data sets in the common mass range between 80 and 110 GeV yields an upper limit on the product of the cross section and branching fraction, normalized to that for a standard model-like Higgs boson, ranging from 0.7 to 0.2, with two notable exceptions: one in the region around the Z boson peak, where the limit rises to 1.1, which may be due to the presence of Drell-Yan dielectron production where electrons could be misidentified as isolated photons, and a second due to an observed excess with respect to the standard model prediction, which is maximal for a mass hypothesis of 95.3 GeV with a local (global) significance of 2.8 (1.3) standard deviations. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V