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Transfer of old ‘reactivated’ memory retrieval cues in rats
Get PDFThe present studies examined whether the retrieval of an old ‘reactivated’ memory could be brought under the control of new contextual cues. In Experiment 1 rats trained in one context were exposed to different contextual cues either immediately, 60 min, or 120 min after a cued reactivation of the training memory. When tested in the shifted context, subjects exposed shortly after reactivation treated the shifted context as the original context. This transfer diminished with longer post-reactivation delays. Experiment 2 replicated the basic finding and demonstrated that the transfer of the old retrieval cues was specific to the contextual cues present during exposure. These findings are consistent with previous research (i.e., Briggs, Fitz, & Riccio, in press) showing the transfer of retrieval cues for a new memory, and demonstrating a similarity (in this case) between newly acquired and old reactivated memories
Fate of the original retrieval cues following the transfer of memory in rats
Get PDFExposure to contextual cues immediately after conditioning enables the new stimuli to retrieve the target memory. But what is the fate of the original cues after this type of transfer of properties? Have they been supplanted by the new cues, or are both sets of stimuli now effective? To address this issue, an experiment was conducted investigating the effectiveness of the original training cues following the transfer of retrieval cues to a new context. Rats were exposed to contextual cues different from training immediately after learning a punishment task. Subjects tested in the new context treated the context as if it were the original, i.e., retrieval cues were transferred to the shifted context. In addition, this transfer had no effect on the original memory as rats that were tested in the original context behaved similarly to those tested in the shifted context. It appears that this transfer of retrieval cues is not a case of erase-and-update, but rather the cues remain for the original context and also become associated with the new context where exposure took place
The Lengthening Radius for Hate
No full textThe Lengthening Radius for Hate is a poem sequence that has, at its foundation, the shooting of Kent State students on May 4, 1970, by the National Guard. Gary Fincke was a student at Kent State in 1970, and he chronicles both the shooting and its residual effects over decades in a series of strongly observed narrative poems that explore disillusionment, anger, and the difficulties of reconciliation.https://scholarlycommons.susqu.edu/facultybooks/1021/thumbnail.jp
Death Penalty Symposium: Welcome by President Jay Lemons, Introduction by Allan Sobel, Adams Center Director, and Remarks by Bud Welch
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Testing Whether Field Auction Experiments Are Demand Revealing in Practice
Get PDFRecent evidence suggests that participants\u27 misunderstanding of experimental auction mechanisms can systematically bias auction results. We present a simple technique for testing whether field auctions participants fully understand the demand-revealing nature of the auction mechanism and, by extension, whether auction bids provide an unbiased estimate of participants\u27 willingness to pay
Transfer of memory retrieval cues in rats
No full textTwo experiments using rats were conducted to determine whether the retrieval of a memory could be brought under the control of new contextual cues that had not been present at the time of training. In Experiment 1, rats were trained in one context and then exposed to different contextual cues immediately, 60 min, or 120 min after training. When tested in the shifted context, rats that had been exposed shortly after training treated the shifted context as if it were the original context. The control that the previously neutral context had over retrieval disappeared with longer posttraining delays, suggesting the importance of an active memory representation during exposure. Experiment 2 replicated the basic finding and demonstrated that the transfer of retrieval cues was specific to the contextual cues present during exposure. These findings with rats are consistent with findings from infant research (see, e.g., Boller & Rovee-Collier, 1992) that have shown that a neutral context can come to serve as a retrieval cue for an episode experienced elsewhere
Designing Experimental Auctions for Marketing Research: Effect of Values, Distributions, and Mechanisms on Incentives for Truthful Bidding
Get PDFAccurately estimating consumer demand for new products is an arduous task made even more difficult by the fact that individuals tend to overstate the amount they are willing to pay for new goods when asked hypothetical questions. Despite their appeal, marketers have been slow to adopt experimental auctions as a standard tool in pre-test market research. One issue that has slowed adoption of the methodology is the proliferation of auction mechanisms and the lack of clear guidance in choosing between mechanisms. In this paper, we provide insight into the theoretical properties of two incentive compatible value elicitation mechanisms, the BDM and Vickrey 2nd price auction, such that practitioners can make more informed decisions in designing experimental auctions to determine consumer willingness-to-pay. In particular, we draw attention to the shapes of the payoff functions and show in a simulation that the two mechanisms differ with respect to the expected cost of deviating from truthful bidding. We show that incentives for truthful bidding depend on the distribution of competing bidders’ values and/or prices and individuals’ true values for a good. The simulation indicates the 2nd price auction punishes deviations from truthful bidding more severely for high value individuals than the BDM mechanism. These results are confirmed by an experimental study, where we find more accurate bidding for high-value individuals in the 2nd price auction as compared to the BDM. Our results also indicate that when implementing the BDM mechanism, the greatest incentives for truthful value revelation are created when the random price generator is based on a normal distribution centered on an individual’s expected true value
