NUI Maynooth Eprint Archive
Not a member yet
18159 research outputs found
Sort by
Patterns of comorbidity associated with ICD-11 PTSD among older adults in the United States
No full textLittle research has been conducted on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) comorbidity among older adults regarding the description of PTSD in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). This study sought to provide evidence of a dimensional model of psychopathology using the ‘Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology’ (HiTOP) model as a theoretical framework to explain patterns of ICD-11 PTSD comorbidity. Distinct patterns of ICD-11 PTSD comorbidity among a nationally representative sample (n = 530) of adults aged 60 years and older from the United States were examined using latent class analysis (LCA). Covariates associated with comorbidity classes were assessed through multinomial logistic regression. ICD-11 PTSD was highly comorbid with other psychopathologies. LCA results favoured a two-class solution. Class 1 (71.7%) was characterised by moderate probabilities for major depressive disorder and alcohol use disorder; Class 2 (28.3%) was characterised by a moderate-high probability of general psychopathology and was associated with lower social support, spousal/partner physical abuse, and history of attempted suicide. PTSD was highly comorbid with other disorders among older adults. Distinct patterns of PTSD comorbidity exist among this cohort and these findings can aid clinicians and researchers in understanding and predicting maladaptive responses to trauma and associated psychopathology
‘The Worship of Failure’: Cults of Personality in Three Failed Fascist Movements
No full textCults of Personality are a noted feature of virtually every dictatorship of the 20th Century and have received a great deal of scholastic investigation. However, reasonably little work has been done on the cults of failed, would-be dictators and political agitators. This thesis aims to study the common factors of three failed Fascist leaders and their embryonic personality cults. It will do so by examining the historical precedents to the 20th century personality cult, discussing the role of the leader in personality cults. It will consider as well how these cults function, through the study of music, published Fascist literature and cinema. Finally, this thesis will consider how these cults have managed to survive until today, casting their ideological influence over contemporary neo-Fascists
IM2ELEVATION: Building Height Estimation from Single-View Aerial Imagery
No full textEstimation of the Digital Surface Model (DSM) and building heights from single-view aerial
imagery is a challenging inherently ill-posed problem that we address in this paper by resorting to
machine learning. We propose an end-to-end trainable convolutional-deconvolutional deep neural
network architecture that enables learning mapping from a single aerial imagery to a DSM for
analysis of urban scenes. We perform multisensor fusion of aerial optical and aerial light detection
and ranging (Lidar) data to prepare the training data for our pipeline. The dataset quality is key to
successful estimation performance. Typically, a substantial amount of misregistration artifacts are
present due to georeferencing/projection errors, sensor calibration inaccuracies, and scene changes
between acquisitions. To overcome these issues, we propose a registration procedure to improve Lidar
and optical data alignment that relies on Mutual Information, followed by Hough transform-based
validation step to adjust misregistered image patches. We validate our building height estimation
model on a high-resolution dataset captured over central Dublin, Ireland: Lidar point cloud of
2015 and optical aerial images from 2017. These data allow us to validate the proposed registration
procedure and perform 3D model reconstruction from single-view aerial imagery. We also report
state-of-the-art performance of our proposed architecture on several popular DSM estimation datasets
Perspectives of mental healthcare providers on pathways to improved employment for persons with mental disorders in two lower middle-income countries
No full textBackground: Mental disorders afect employment and the ability to work, and mental healthcare providers are
important in the promotion of health and employment for afected individuals. The objective of this study is to
explore the perspectives of mental healthcare providers on pathways to improved employment for persons with
mental disorders in two lower middle-income countries.
Methods: Our study participants included mental healthcare providers (psychiatrists, occupational physicians,
psychologists, and social care workers) from Kenya and Nigeria. Qualitative interviews and a focus group discussion
were conducted with 15 professionals in Kenya and online questionnaires were completed by 80 professionals from
Nigeria.
Results: The study participants suggested that work is important for the recovery and wellbeing of persons with
mental disorders. A complex interplay of factors related to the health of persons with mental disorders and the
socioeconomic system in their setting were identifed as barriers to their work ability and employment. Participants
proposed four pathways to improved employment: including information on reducing stigma, better healthcare,
policy advocacy in employment, and government commitment to healthcare and social welfare. Public education to
reduce stigma and better healthcare were the highest reported facilitators of employment.
Conclusions: Persons with mental disorders require multilevel support and care in obtaining and retaining employ‑
ment. A better mental healthcare system is essential for the employment of persons with mental disorders
Gratitude and Gratefulness: A preliminary evaluation of the ‘My Gratitude Journal’
No full textIn recent years, there has been an important shift towards prevention and early
intervention services and practices, both in Ireland and elsewhere. These include
Positive Psychology Interventions (PPIs), which may be defined as programmes or
treatments which attempt to create positive feelings, behaviours and cognitions (Sin &
Lyubomirsky, 2009). A large amount of research has indicated that PPIs can
significantly improve psychological and subjective well-being, as well as reducing
depressive symptoms and increasing positive emotions such as happiness and gratitude
(Cohn., & Frederickson., 2010; Boiler et al., 2013).
A significant body of literature has also focused on improving gratitude levels and
practices, as gratitude has been strongly associated with positive emotions such as
contentment, pride, hope and happiness. For example, deliberate and mindful
expressions of gratitude can increase subjective well-being, generating a positive
outlook on life and promoting happiness, self-confidence, resilience and prosocial
behaviour (Watkins, Woodward, Stone & Kolts, 2003).
This summary report presents the key findings from an exploratory study
undertaken to assess the overall perceived effectiveness of a newly developed PPI in
Ireland, aimed at improving aspects of wellbeing in children. This PPI is called the ‘My
Gratitude Journal’. This 26-week programme was developed by Suzanne and Linda
Culleton (of Positive Vibes) in 2018, with a view to creating a resource which would help
to teach children skills to enable them to improve aspects of their overall wellbeing.
Specifically, this PPI aims to increase confidence, self-esteem, happiness, resilience,
empathy and wellness through various activities which are guided by the journal and
implemented over a 26-week period
Convergence of Password Guessing to Optimal Success Rates
No full textPassword guessing is one of the most common methods an attacker will use for compromising end users. We often hear that passwords belonging to website users have been leaked and revealed to the public. These leaks compromise the users involved but also feed the wealth of knowledge attackers have about users’ passwords. The more informed attackers are about password creation, the better their password guessing becomes. In this paper, we demonstrate using proofs of convergence and real-world password data that the vulnerability of users increases as a result of password leaks. We show that a leak that reveals the passwords of just 1% of the users provides an attacker with enough information to potentially have a success rate of over 84% when trying to compromise other users of the same website. For researchers, it is often difficult to quantify the effectiveness of guessing strategies, particularly when guessing different datasets. We construct a model of password guessing that can be used to offer visual comparisons and formulate theorems corresponding to guessing success
The Lancaster Sensorimotor Norms: multidimensional measures of perceptual and action strength for 40,000 English words
No full textSensorimotor information plays a fundamental role in cognition. However, the existing materials that measure the sensorimotor basis of word meanings and concepts have been restricted in terms of their sample size and breadth of sensorimotor experience. Here we present norms of sensorimotor strength for 39,707 concepts across six perceptual modalities (touch, hearing, smell, taste, vision, and interoception) and five action effectors (mouth/throat, hand/arm, foot/leg, head excluding mouth/throat, and torso), gathered from a total of 3,500 individual participants using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform. The Lancaster Sensorimotor Norms are unique and innovative in a number of respects: They represent the largest-ever set of semantic norms for English, at 40,000 words × 11 dimensions (plus several informative cross-dimensional variables), they extend perceptual strength norming to the new modality of interoception, and they include the first norming of action strength across separate bodily effectors. In the first study, we describe the data collection procedures, provide summary descriptives of the dataset, and interpret the relations observed between sensorimotor dimensions. We then report two further studies, in which we (1) extracted an optimal single-variable composite of the 11-dimension sensorimotor profile (Minkowski 3 strength) and (2) demonstrated the utility of both perceptual and action strength in facilitating lexical decision times and accuracy in two separate datasets. These norms provide a valuable resource to researchers in diverse areas, including psycholinguistics, grounded cognition, cognitive semantics, knowledge representation, machine learning, and big-data approaches to the analysis of language and conceptual representations. The data are accessible via the Open Science Framework (http://osf.io/7emr6/) and an interactive web application (https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/psychology/lsnorms/)
Gay the right way? Roles and routines of Irish media production among gay and lesbian workers
No full textThis article explores how gay and lesbian identities are incorporated, or not, into the roles and routines of Irish film and television production. Data were gathered in 2018–2019 through semi-structured interviews with a purposive, snowball sample of 10 people who work in the Irish industries. The key findings are that for gay and lesbian workers their minority sexual identity impacts on the roles that they are likely to be included and excluded from. Sexuality also affects their promotion prospects and their career progression. Similarly, in terms of routines of production, gay and lesbian workers are associated with certain genres, based on stereotypical assumptions about their sexual identities by their hetero-managers and colleagues. In short, Irish gay and lesbian media workers articulated an overarching tension between the heteronormativity of the industry and the queerness of the gay and lesbian media worker. Some workers respond to that tension by adopting a homonormative approach to work while others attempt to forge a queer way of producing
Diverse structure and reactivity of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl antimony(iii) cations
No full textThe pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) antimony(III) cations [Cp*2Sb][B(C6F5)4], [Cp2*Sb][OTf], [Cp*SbCl][B(C6F5)4] and [Cp*Sb][OTf]2 have been isolated and structurally characterised. [Cp*SbCl]+ forms dimers in the solid state via an intermolecular Sb–Cl interaction. Initial screening shows that [Cp*SbCl][B(C6F5)4] is significantly Lewis acidic and can catalyse the dimerisation of 1,1-diphenylethylene; [Cp2*Sb][B(C6F5)4] exhibits negligible Lewis acidity. Highly unstable [Cp*SbF][B(C6F5)4] could not be isolated, but stabilisation with the IMes ligand allowed isolation of [Cp*SbF(IMes)][B(C6F5)4]. Fluorodechlorination of CH2Cl2 and PhCCl3 was observed in the presence of crude [Cp*SbF][B(C6F5)4] in solution. A computational mechanistic investigation suggests that the latter proceeds via a carbocation intermediate
Using machine learning to predict links and improve Steiner tree solutions to team formation problems - a cross company study
No full textThe team formation problem has existed for many years in various guises. One
important challenge in the team formation problem is to produce small teams that
have a required set of skills. We propose a framework that incorporates machine
learning to augment a collaboration graph with latent links between collaborators. This
is combined with the solution of Steiner tree problems to form small teams that cover
a specified set of tasks. Our framework not only considers the size of the team but also
the likelihood that team members are going to collaborate with each other. We
demonstrate our results using data from the US Patent office covering two different
companies’ inventor networks. The results show that this technique can reduce the size
of suggested teams