NUI Maynooth Eprint Archive
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Complex PTSD symptoms mediate the association between childhood trauma and physical health problems
No full textThe ICD-11 reconceptualized Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as a narrowly defined fear-based disorder,
and introduced Complex PTSD (CPTSD) as a new diagnosis comprised of PTSD symptoms and symptoms of
‘Disturbances in Self-Organization’ (DSO) that are more reflective of general dysphoria. Previous research suggests that PTSD symptoms mediate the association between childhood trauma and physical health problems,
including cardiovascular disease. No study has yet assessed how posttraumatic stress symptoms, as outlined in
the ICD-11, influence the association between childhood trauma and somatic problems in adulthood.
Objective: This cross-sectional descriptive study examined whether PTSD and DSO symptoms mediated the associations between childhood physical and sexual abuse and childhood emotional abuse and neglect and somatic
problems and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) load in adulthood.
Methods: General adult population samples from Ireland (N = 1020) and the United Kingdom (N = 1051)
completed self-report questionnaires online.
Results: Structural equation modelling results indicated that PTSD and DSO symptoms fully mediated the association between both forms of childhood trauma and somatic problems, and that PTSD symptoms but not DSO
symptoms fully mediated the association between childhood trauma and CVD load.
Conclusion: Psychological interventions that effectively treat CPTSD symptoms may have the added benefit of
reducing risk of physical health problems
Centrality Asymmetry and Partner Complementarity as Influences on Alliance Dissolution
No full textResearch on interfirm alliances indicates that partner firms’ asymmetry in network centrality increases the likelihood of alliance dissolution because it gives rise to a power
imbalance and opportunism in the partnership. We contend that this view of centrality
asymmetry does not consider the binding force that network resource complementarity
can provide in an alliance, which motivates partners to ally for the long term. We propose
that centrality asymmetry can have both divisive and cohesive forces in an alliance, which –
when considered together – lead to a prediction that centrality asymmetry has a U-shaped
relationship with alliance dissolution. Moderate levels of asymmetry lead to lower rates
of dissolution than high and low levels of asymmetry. The degree of cooperation between
partners and the degree of external competition reduce the effects of centrality asymmetry on alliance dissolution because they mitigate power imbalances while encouraging
partners to strengthen the alliance to withstand competitive challenges
True and Fair Override: Accounting Expert Opinions, Explanations from Behavioural Theories, and Discussions for Sustainability Accounting
No full textThis study focuses on true and fair view (TFV) and fair presentation (FP) in financial
statements. It questions if attitudes towards the true and fair override (TFO) condition, included in
European Union (EU) legislation and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), is indicative
of a principles-based approach or lip service to a concept that is rarely applied. We address this
subject because we consider that there should be a consensus and harmonisation on TFV—that
TFO has a vital role within the principles-based framework, and while the accounting standard
development process should limit the application of the TFO concept, in practice, it is an important
reporting option. TFV/TFO harmonisation also has an important role in sustainability accounting,
to reveal company actions which are influenced by more than just the objective of complying with
the standards. In the empirical part, accounting experts from 24 European countries were surveyed.
Their responses suggest a lack of clarity around the distinction between TFV and FP and a reluctance
to consider, in practice, the application of the TFO. Drawing on behavioural theories—ostrich effect
and comfort theory—we find explanations and reasoning behind attitudes to these cornerstone
concepts. Specifically, we try to explain behavioural attitudes to TFV/FP and TFO positions, which
defend uncompromising compliance with standards
Host country nationals characteristics and willingness to help self-initiated expatriates in the UAE
No full textThis study investigates the role of host country nationals’ (HCNs) motivation to offer role information and social support in adjustment experience of self-initiated expatriates (SIEs). We draw on social identity theory and its variant, social categorization theory, to examine the determinants of support provided by HNCs to SEIs through survey data collected from 543 HCNs. The results of our study show that HCNs have a tendency to categorize SIEs based on certain salient characteristics, namely ethnocentrism and collectivism, whilst providing necessary role information and social support to the SIEs.
Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017
Knowledge-based HRM practices and innovation performance: Role of social capital and knowledge sharing
No full textDrawing upon resource-based theory (RBT) and social capital theory (SCT), this study examines
how do multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the emerging markets (EMs) utilize strategic resources to drive innovation performance. We used a survey questionnaire to collect data from 352
supervisor-subordinate dyadic samples in the MNEs in the EMs. The data collected was analyzed
using structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the study’s hypotheses. We found that
knowledge-based HRM practices directly and indirectly through social capital influence knowledge sharing behaviors in the MNEs. Furthermore, the study’s findings suggest that knowledge
sharing mediates the influence of social capital on innovation performance. Moreover, this study
empirically suggests how knowledge-based HRM practices through the mediating role of social
capital and knowledge sharing on innovation performance. This study’s essential contribution is
to extend and enrich the RBT, SCT, HRM, knowledge, and innovation literature in the field
CREATE2Evaluate. Mapping the Impact, Validation and Evaluation of Adult Education Policies.
No full textCREATE 2 EVALUATE is a follow-up of the previous CREATE project which intends to
reinforce its aims and goals enhancing the performance and efficiency of Adult Education (AE)
by intervening at systemic level at the nexus between overarching EU Policy (EU2020) and
implementation on the ground, i.e., regions tasked with policy formulation and implementation
of education programmes.
In IO2 the Impact, Validation and Evaluation of AE policies is mapped in order to better
understand what is out there in terms of practice, also in other educational sectors. IO2 responds
to the needs identified by partners and confirmed by official EU policy reports and papers)
concerning the lack of policy tools and resources to evaluate the impact of Adult Education
(AE) interventions, policies and initiatives. The needs analysis of the partners relied on the
results of the REGIONAL (LLP funded in 2013) and CREATE (Erasmus+ funded in 2017)
projects that, respectively, mapped the policy making at local/regional level in the domain of
AE and developed a Tool Kit for policy formulation targeted at local policy makers
SumHEIs Project Intellectual Output – Training Needs analysis Country report: Ireland
No full textSumHEIS - Summer School Development Programme for European HEIs is an Erasmus+ KA2
project (project reference number 2019-1-IT02-KA203-062984) that focuses into bettering
the quality of support and services to the personnel that delivers Summer Schools and
audiences that take part in them. The project aims to increase the number and the quality of
Summer Schools offered by European HEIs, to train staff on how to design, develop, operate
and manage Summer School programmes, to form material and guidance mechanism for HEIs
that aim at establishing such programmes for the first time and form synergies and common
Summer School programmes among HEIs. The project’s main challenge is to design a "Model"
Summer School Office as an innovative and prototype tool for the development of a
successful summer school in order to be used by HEIs.
The partnership is built up by a consortium of partners from 4 European countries – Italy,
Greece, Latvia and Ireland
Racial Discrimination and Nationality and Migration Exceptions: Reconciling CERD and the Race Equality Directive
No full textThe principles of equality and non-discrimination offer potentially valuable tools to challenge discriminatory practices employed by States against non-citizens. However, nationality and immigration-related exceptions are an established feature of non-discrimination laws. Such exceptions
raise fundamental questions about the scope of the protection offered by anti-discrimination
laws and have the potential to perpetuate, rather than eliminate, race discrimination. This article
addresses this critical but often neglected issue, through a doctrinal analysis of two specific exceptions - Articles 1(2) and 1(3) of the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination and Article 3(2) of the EU’s Race Equality Directive - and an examination of
their impact in practice at the domestic level. We argue that nationality and migration status
exceptions must be interpreted as narrowly as possible, in line with the core purpose of these
instruments to eliminate race discrimination. Furthermore, we suggest that the interplay between
these legal frameworks at the domestic level of implementation takes on particular importance in
defining the scope and limits of nationality and migration-based exceptions
Autonomy in Physical Human-Robot Interaction: A Brief Survey
No full textSharing the control of a robotic system with an autonomous controller allows a human to reduce his/her cognitive and
physical workload during the execution of a task. In recent years,
the development of inference and learning techniques has widened
the spectrum of applications of shared control (SC) approaches,
leading to robotic systems that are capable of seamless adaptation
of their autonomy level. In this perspective, shared autonomy (SA)
can be defined as the design paradigm that enables this adapting
behavior of the robotic system. This letter collects the latest results
achieved by the research community in the field of SC and SA
with special emphasis on physical human-robot interaction (pHRI).
Architectures and methods developed for SC and SA are discussed
throughout the letter, highlighting the key aspects of each methodology. A discussion about open issues concludes this letter
Students’ Views on Transition to University: The Role of Mathematical Tasks
No full textIn this article, we use a case study to explore the views of first-year university students on the
differences between mathematics at school and at university, and on the changes to their study methods
as they make the transition to university mathematics. We also consider their views on the differences
and affordances of tasks that they encounter on either side of the transition. The students in this study
were registered on differential calculus modules where non-routine tasks were employed. We find that
students are aware of the increased emphasis on conceptual understanding and reasoning at university
and of the need to be an independent learner. We also see that this awareness is raised through engagement with mathematical tasks and that working on tasks is an integral part of students’ study methods.
We conclude that mathematical tasks have a role in making lecturers’ expectations clear to students and
also in giving students’ opportunities to develop mathematical thinking skills and work independently