NUI Maynooth Eprint Archive
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High prevalence of somatisation in ICD-11 complex PTSD: A cross sectional cohort study
No full textBackground: While research demonstrates that somatisation is highly correlated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the relationship between International Classification of Diseases 11th edition (ICD-11) PTSD,
complex PTSD (CPTSD) and somatisation has not previously been determined.
Objective: To determine the relationship between frequency and severity of somatisation and ICD-11 PTSD/
CPTSD.
Method: This cross-sectional study included 222 individuals recruited to the National Centre for Mental Health
(NCMH) PTSD cohort. We assessed rates of Patient Health Questionnaire 15 (PHQ-15) somatisation stratified by
ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD status. Path analysis was used to explore the relationship between PTSD/CPTSD and
somatisation, including number of traumatic events, age, and gender as controls.
Results: 70% (58/83) of individuals with CPTSD had high PHQ-15 somatisation symptom severity compared with
48% (12/25) of those with PTSD (chi-square: 95.1, p value <0.001). Path analysis demonstrated that core PTSD
symptoms and not disturbances in self organisation (DSO) symptoms were associated with somatisation
(unstandardised coefficients: 0.616 (p-value 0.017) and − 0.012 (p-value 0.962) respectively.
Conclusions: Individuals with CPTSD have higher somatisation than those with PTSD. The core features of PTSD,
not the DSO, characteristic of CPTSD, were associated with somatisatio
Understanding managerial ambidexterity: a people–situation interaction approach
No full textPurpose – It is increasingly recognised that managers play a central role in organisational ambidexterity.
While some scholars have recently begun to explain the nature and antecedents of ambidextrous behaviour
among managers, much remains to be learned about the micro-foundations of this behaviour. Adopting a
people–situation interaction approach, this paper investigates the antecedents to managerial ambidexterity
from both situational and individual difference considerations.
Design/methodology/approach – This study adopts a quantitative approach using a combination of
survey and archival data from 305 managers.
Findings – The results indicate that learning goal orientation is positively related with managerial
ambidexterity, whereas there is no significant relationship between functional experience breadth and
managerial ambidexterity. In testing moderation effects, discretionary slack is found to positively moderate the
association between learning goal orientation and ambidexterity and between functional experiences and
ambidexterity.
Practical implications – This paper provides suggestions on employees selection and training, along with
organisational support, in enacting managerial ambidexterity.
Originality/value – Guided by individual difference theory, this paper adds value to one’s understanding of
the antecedents to managerial ambidexterity. It contributes to the ambidexterity literature from the micro-foundation perspective
Sex and age differences in ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD: An analysis of four general population samples
No full textAbstract
Background. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is traditionally understood as a disorder that
occurs more commonly in women than in men, and in younger age groups than in older age
groups. The objective of this study was to determine if these patterns are also observed in relation
to International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) PTSD and complex PTSD (CPTSD).
Methods. Secondary data analysis was performed using data collected from three nationally
representative samples from the Republic of Ireland (N = 1,020), the United States (N = 1,839),
and Israel (N = 1,003), and one community sample from the United Kingdom (N = 1,051).
Results. Estimated prevalence rates of ICD-11 PTSD were higher in women than in men in each
sample, and at a level consistent with existing data derived from Diagnostic and Statistics Manual
of Mental Disorders (DSM)-based models of PTSD. Furthermore, rates of ICD-11 PTSD were
generally lower in older age groups for men and women. For CPTSD, there was inconsistent
evidence of sex and age differences, and some indication of a possible interaction between these
two demographic variables.
Conclusions. Despite considerable revisions to PTSD in ICD-11, the same sex and age profile
was observed to previous DSM-based models of PTSD. CPTSD, however, does not appear to
show the same sex and age differences as PTSD. Theoretical models that seek to explain sex and
age differences in trauma-related psychopathology may need to be reconsidered given the
distinct effects for ICD-11 PTSD and CPTS
Fatalism and ICD-11 CPTSD and PTSD diagnoses: results from Nigeria, Kenya & Ghana
No full textABSTRACT
Background: Existing research on post-traumatic sequelae suggests a positive association between fatalism and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the associations between fatalism and the new ICD-11 diagnosis of complex PTSD (CPTSD) have never been explored before.
Objective: The current study explored the association between fatalism and PTSD and CPTSD in samples from three African countries.
Methods: A total of 2,524 participants from Nigeria (n = 1018), Kenya (n = 1006), and Ghana
(n = 500) completed measures of fatalism (non-judgmental fatalism, current fatalism, pessimistic fatalism, prospective fatalism) and the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ).
A combination of a multinomial regression and path analysis was used to identify fatalism predictors of PTSD and CPTSD versus no diagnosis, and CPTSD versus PTSD, adjusted for demographic variables and trauma exposure.
Results: While PTSD was not predicted by any of the fatalism types, compared to no diagnosis, CPTSD was significantly predicted by pessimistic, non-judgmental and current fatalism, both compared to no diagnosis and PTSD.
Conclusions: The results broaden the knowledge on potential correlates of the new diagnosis of CPTSD. Addressing fatalistic beliefs by empowering people to think that they can choose their fate should be further explored as a possible target for intervention in the treatment of CPTSD
Older Users of a Befriending Service in Ireland and the Maintenance of Personal Autonomy during the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textIn the Republic of Ireland (RoI), COVID-19 public health guidelines have been most
restrictive for people aged 70 and over. Such individuals are most likely to avail of befriending
services offered by a network of Irish organisations. The aim of this study was to explore the impact
of COVID-19 guidelines on befriending service users, and to develop recommended adaptations
to befriending services compatible with such guidelines. A qualitative constructivist grounded
theory approach was taken to the study design and analysis, using semi-structured interviews to
collect data from 11 participants by telephone between May 2020 and January 2021. Results show
a grounded theory describing how older users of a befriending service maintained their personal
autonomy in the face of strict government guidelines. Participants described living life as usual, often
contravening guidelines, and how they chose to adapt to the situation, yielding both positive and
negative outcomes. Some potential adaptations were discussed to the befriending service (including
a preserved focus on the social and emotional functions of the befriending relationship, and the
accommodation of collaborative decision making about communicative alternatives), but ultimately
it was made clear that participants would tailor the services to their own preferences. Results have
implications for befriending service design and delivery, and for public health officials who wish to
support the health of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
GPR21 Inhibition Increases Glucose-Uptake in HepG2 Cells
No full textGPR21 is a constitutively active, orphan, G-protein-coupled receptor, with in vivo studies suggesting its involvement in the modulation of insulin sensitivity. However, its precise contribution is not fully understood. As the liver is both a major target of insulin signalling and critically involved in glucose metabolism, the aim of this study was to examine the role of GPR21 in the regulation of glucose uptake and production in human hepatocytes. In particular, HepG2 cells, which express GPR21, were adopted as cellular models. Compared with untreated cells, a significant increase in glucose uptake was measured in cells treated with siRNA to downregulate GPR21 expression or with the GPR21-inverse agonist, GRA2. Consistently, a significantly higher membrane translocation of GLUT-2 was measured under these conditions. These effects were accompanied by an increased ratio of phAKT(Ser473)/tot-AKT and phGSK-3β(Ser9)/tot-GSK-3β, thus indicating a marked activation of the insulin signalling pathway. Moreover, a significant reduction in ERK activation was observed with GPR21 inhibition. Collectively, these results indicate that GPR21 mediates the negative effects on glucose uptake by the liver cells. In addition, they suggest that the pharmacological inhibition of GPR21 could be a novel strategy to improve glucose homeostasis and counteract hepatic insulin resistance
Investigating the relationship between person–environment fit and safety behavior: A social cognition perspective
No full textIntroduction: This study explored the relationship between person–job fit and safety behavior, as well as
the mediating role played by psychological safety, from the perspective of social cognitive theory and
person–environment fit theory. Method: A total of 800 employees from petroleum enterprises were
recruited, with cluster random sampling used to collect data in two stages. Results: The results showed
that employees’ safety behavior is higher under the condition of ‘‘high person–job fit—high person–organization fit” than under that of ‘‘low person–job fit—low person–organization fit.” In other words, the
more congruent the level of person–job fit and person–organization fit for a given employee, the higher
their level of safety behavior. Practical Applications: Psychological safety plays a mediating role between
the congruence of both person–job fit and person–organization fit and employees’ safety behavior
The three gifts of teaching: Towards a non-egological future for moral education
No full textThe centrality of learners and their learning in contemporary educational discourse and practice, seems to suggest that the self of the student should be at the heart of the educational endeavour. This is not just an educational programme, but actually an expression of a particular way of thinking about human beings and their
position in the world; a way of thinking which, after Levinas, I characterise as egological. In this paper I explore an alternative approach that centres on the suggestion that everything begins with what is given to us, rather than what is claimed, constructed or interpreted by us. I explore this philosophically through a discussion of ideas from Jean-Luc Marion around the phenomenon and phenomenology of ‘giveness’. I connect this to a critical
discussion of the role of learning in education and explore three ways in which teaching manifests itself as a gift that occurs beyond learning
The Family Talk Programme in Ireland: A Qualitative Analysis of the Experiences of Families With Parental Mental Illness
No full textBackground: Parental mental illness is common, costly, can lead to children developing mental disorders and impaired lifetime outcomes, and places a substantial burden on
caregiving partners. Family Talk (FT) is a widely implemented, 7-session, whole-family programme, with promising evidence of effectiveness in targeting the intergenerational transmission of mental illness. However, to date, very little qualitative research of family
experiences of FT has been undertaken. The objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate the experiences of families attending FT; and (2) explore the key facilitators
and barriers to engagement in mainstream mental health settings.
Methods: This study was nested within a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of Family Talk [N = 86 families (139 parents, 221 children)] implemented in 15 adult, child and
primary care mental health sites in Ireland. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 45 participants, including 23 parents with mental illness
(PMI), 7 partners and 15 children/young people aged 9 to 18 years. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using constructivist grounded theory.
Results: Over two thirds of families across sites reported substantial benefits from participation in FT, including reduced stigma, giving children and partners a voice,
increased service-user confidence, and improved family communication/relationships. Key facilitators identified by families included: programme delivery by a competent,
non-judgmental clinician; the whole-family approach; and family readiness to engage. Barriers to engagement included stigma, family crises/relapse, service constraints,
impact of COVID-19, and a need for further child, family and follow-up sessions/supports. Conclusion: This study is the first qualitative analysis of family experiences of FT
to be conducted within the context of an RCT and national programme to introduce family-focused practise for families with PMI. The findings illustrate that FT is beneficial
across cultural/policy contexts, different mental disorders and can be implemented Mulligan et al. Family Experiences of Family Talk across adult and child mental health settings, including children with existing mental health challenges. Key barriers and facilitators to implementation were identified by families, all of which should help to inform the future implementation of FT, and other similar interventions, both in Ireland and elsewher
On the stability of stock-bond comovements across market conditions in the Eurozone periphery.
No full textWe analyze the relationship between returns on equity and long-term government bonds in the crisis-hit Eurozone peripheral economies. In particular, we are interested in the stability of the relationship across differing market conditions and if long-term bonds act as a safe haven for equity investors during periods of financial distress. Employing a Markov-switching vector autoregression model with three regimes, we find that the stock-bond relationship varies across market conditions and across countries. Overall we observe increased comovement during the crisis regimes at the market level, with the relationship between the financial sectors and the domestic sovereign bond being its most important driver across countries