University of North Carolina School of Law

Ben-Asher, Noa

English

Transforming Legal Sex

Parsh, Meighan R.

Dueling Discretion: The Imperfect Mechanisms for Removing Elected Prosecutors

Baloche, David

The Price of Parenthood

Karlan, Pamela S.

Abortion, Gay Equality, and the Normative Power of the Actual

Kivus, John T.

Generative AI and Copyright Law: A Misalignment That Could Lead to the Privatization of Copyright Enforcement

North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology

NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF LAW & 
TECHNOLOGY 
Volume 25 Issue 4 Article 1 
5-1-2024 
Front Matter 
North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology 
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncjolt 
 Part of the Law Commons 
Recommended Citation 
North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology, Front Matter, 25 N.C. J.L. & TECH. (2025). 
Available at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncjolt/vol25/iss4/1 
This Front Matter is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been 
accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology by an authorized editor of Carolina Law 
Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact law_repository@unc.edu. 
NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF 
LAW & TECHNOLOGY 
 
 
VOLUME 25, ISSUE 4 
MAY 2024 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Published by: 
 
University of North Carolina School of Law 
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ii 
GENERAL INFORMATION 
The North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology is an exclusively online 
publication edited by the students of the University of North Carolina, School of 
Law. The North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology publishes four issues per 
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contains general information about the Journal; information on how to submit 
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Copyright © 2023, North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology.  
All rights reserved. 
 
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iii 
PUBLICATION INFORMATION 
The text and citations of the North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology 
conform to THE BLUEBOOK: A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF CITATION (Columbia L. Rev. 
Ass’n et al. eds., 21st ed. 2020). Please cite this issue of the North Carolina 
Journal of Law & Technology as 25 N.C. J.L. & TECH. ___ (2024). Materials cited 
“on file with the North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology” will be retained 
for a maximum of five years from date of publication.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
iv 
SPONSORS 
 
The North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology would like to thank 
the generous contributors who have helped make this journal possible: 
 
 
Benefactors: 
 
 
 
 
 
Jeffrey M. Hirsch, Geneva Yeargan Rand  
Distinguished Professor of Law 
UNC School of Law 
 
 
Patrons: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
This publication is funded in part by Student Fees that were 
appropriated and disbursed by the Student Government at 
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Student Bar 
Association of the University of North Carolina School of Law. 
 
 
v 
BOARD OF ADVISORS 
ALESSANDRA L. DEIORIO –– Wyrick Robbins Yates & Ponton, LLP; N.C. JOLT  
Managing Editor, Vol. 24 
MEREDITH K. DOSWELL –– Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP; N.C. JOLT  
Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 23 
KAITY Y. EMERSON — Moore & Van Allen PLLC; N.C. JOLT Managing Editor,  
Vol. 22 
AARON R. HARMON — Clinical Assistant Professor, Qatar University College  
of Law, Doha-Qatar; N.C. JOLT Editor-in-Chief, Vol.8; N.C. JOLT Faculty  
Advisor, 2011-2014 
JEFFREY M. HIRSCH –– Geneva Yeargan Rand Distinguished Professor of Law, 
University of North Carolina School of Law; N.C. JOLT Faculty Advisor 
SARAH B. KIRSCHBAUM — Boyd Collar Nolen Tuggle & Roddenbery, LLC; N.C.  
JOLT Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 22 
JOHN T. KIVUS — Morningstar Law Group; N.C. JOLT Online Editor, Vol. 12 
ERIN LARSON — DLA Piper; N.C. JOLT Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 19 
TOD LEAVEN — Grimes Teich Anderson, LLP; N.C. JOLT Editor-in-Chief,  
Vol.11 
JUSTIN MANN — Advanced Accelerator Applications; N.C. JOLT Managing  
Editor, Vol. 15 
JARED A. MARK –– Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP; N.C. JOLT  
Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 24 
MARY U. MUSACCHIA — Mary U. Musacchia, PLLC; Original Board Member 
ALEX RUTGERS — Legal Aid of North Carolina; N.C. JOLT Editor-in-Chief,  
Vol. 21 
GABBY E. SUPAK –– Law Clerk to the Honorable Mark A. Davis, North Carolina 
Business Court; N.C. JOLT Managing Editor, Vol. 23 
 
 
 
 
 
vi 
VOLUME 25, 2023–2024 
 
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF 
JULIA R. VAUGHAN-JONES 
 
 
EXECUTIVE EDITOR 
HAYFA AYOUBI 
 
WEB EDITOR 
CHLOE C. PICCHIO 
 
SYMPOSIUM EDITORS 
ALEXIS C. BENSON 
MCKENNA A. FONO 
MANAGING EDITOR 
MARGARET MCGEE ROMAN 
 
PUBLICATION EDITOR 
SOPHIA M. VOUVALIS 
 
SENIOR ARTICLES EDITOR 
DOROTHY E. MCGEE 
 
ARTICLES EDITORS 
WESTON P.A. BARKER 
MORGAN E. HOYT 
ANDREAS C. MYERS 
MELISSA L. ZALESKI 
 
 
NOTES EDITORS 
RACHEL E. COUTINHO 
AUSTIN D. KAMER 
 
YASMIN M. KHODAEI 
BROOKE R. SIEGAL
 
 
STAFF MEMBERS 
WALEED K. ALKOOR 
THOMAS J. BETZ 
BENJAMIN M. BROWN 
ALBERTO R. BUFALINO 
SUZANNE M. CAMP 
SIMON C. CAWLEY 
ETHAN L. CLARK 
SCOTT M. FINNEY 
SEAN P. GAFFNEY 
JUSTIN M. GILES 
CAROLINE G. KLOSTER 
 
 
ZHE LIU 
ABRAHAM M. LOVEN 
ALISSA M. MASINI 
OLIVIA NIERI 
CASEY SCOFIELD 
DANIEL C. SELF 
JAY N. SHERRILL 
KEVIN A. SOLARI 
BRYNN C. STORY 
ANDREW M. WATERS 
 
 
 
 
 
vii 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
viii 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
Mining for Answers: Decrypting the Securities Puzzle of 
Cryptomining Hosting Contracts 
By Waleed Alkoor ..................................................................... 537 
 
 
Remote Work Tax “Fights”: Modifications to the “Convenience of 
the Employer” Rule  
By Benjamin Brown .................................................................. 579 
 
 
A Noisy Debate: Should the Law Require the U.S. Census Bureau 
to Sacrifice Accuracy for Privacy? 
By Justin Giles .......................................................................... 613 
 
 
Fair Admissions, Fair Decisions, and Fair Outcomes: An Analysis 
of Algorithmic Bias in Education, Employment, Healthcare, and 
Housing 
By McLean Waters .................................................................... 657 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


Front Matter

NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF LAW & 
TECHNOLOGY 
Volume 26 Issue 2 Article 1 
11-1-2024 
Front Matter 
North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology 
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncjolt 
 Part of the Law Commons 
Recommended Citation 
North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology, Front Matter, 26 N.C. J.L. & TECH. (2025). 
Available at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncjolt/vol26/iss2/1 
This Front Matter is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been 
accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology by an authorized editor of Carolina Law 
Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact law_repository@unc.edu. 
North CaroliNa 
Journal of law & Technology
November 2024
volume 26, Issue 2
N
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Sounds Good: How the Inflation Reduction Act 
and New EPA Regulations Mitigate the Music 
Streaming Industry’s Carbon Footprint
Thomas C. Hammons
Love at First Swipe: How Dating Apps 
Compromise User Privacy and Data Protection 
Anjali K. Purohit
You’ve Got Fraud: Meta’s Embrace of Fraudulent 
Ads and How § 230 Can Protect Us
Benjamin D. Spain
Reality Check: Regulate or Ruin? The High-Stakes 
Battle for Crypto’s Future
Kareem Subei
receNt DevelopmeNts
V
o
l. 26, i
ssu
e 2
N
o
V. 2024
VOLUME 26 NOVEMBER 2024  ISSUE 2 
 
BOARD OF EDITORS 
Daniel C. Self, Editor-in-Chief
Brynn C. Story, Managing Editor 
Benjamin M. Brown, Senior Articles Editor
Scott M. Finney, Executive Editor 
Abraham M. Loven, Publication Editor 
Sean P. Gaffney, Web Editor 
Alberto R. Bufalino, Symposium Editor 
 
Articles Editors 
 Suzanne M. Camp 
Simon C. Cawley 
Justin M. Giles 
  
Notes Editors 
 Waleed K. Alkoor 
Thomas J. Betz 
Olivia Nieri 
Andrew M. Waters
STAFF MEMBERS 
Denise D. 
Bahena-Bustos 
Graham S. Davis 
Jacob E. Dowler 
Davis Faw 
Brett R. Goble 
Maha Yasmeen 
Halabi 
Thomas C. Hammons 
Matthew W. Heldman 
Jillian J. Hughes 
Conner B. Martin 
Mahin Mughal 
Vaishnavi 
Muruganandam 
Kalee D. Nelson 
Miranda D. Papes 
Anjali K. Purohit 
Sunghyun Shin 
Sanam Sohrabian 
Benjamin D. Spain 
Kareem Subei 
Mariam Syed 
Madigan E. Wolford 
Aleah Wordsworth 
FACULTY ADVISOR 
Jeffrey M. Hirsch 
 
  
BOARD OF ADVISORS 
Alessandra L. Deiorio, Managing Editor, Vol. 24 
Meredith K. Doswel, Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 23 
Kaity Y. Emerson, Managing Editor, Vol. 22 
Aaron R. Harmon, Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 8, Faculty Advisor, 2011–14 
Jeffrey M. Hirsch, Faculty Advisor 
Sarah B. Kirschbaum, Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 22 
John T. Kivus, Online Editor, Vol. 12 
Erin Larson, Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 19 
Tod Leaven, Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 11 
Justin Mann, Managing Editor, Vol. 15 
Jared A. Mark, Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 24 
Mary U. Musacchia, Original Board Member 
Margaret McGee Roman, Managing Editor, Vol. 23 
Alex Rutgers, Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 21 
Gabby E. Supak, Managing Editor, Vol. 23 
Julia R. Vaughan-Jones, Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 25 
 
SPONSORS 
The North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology would like to 
thank the generous contributors who help make this Journal possible: 
 
 Benefactors  Patron 
 
UNC Student 
Government 
 
 
Jeffrey M. Hirsch 
Geneva Yeargan Rand 
Distinguished Professor of Law,  
UNC School of Law 
 
 UNC Graduate and 
Professional Student 
Government 
 
This publication is funded in part by student fees appropriated and 
disbursed by the UNC Student Government and the UNC School of 
Law Student Bar Association. 
Published by students of the University of North Carolina School of Law four times 
per year, in October, November, April, and May. General information about the 
Journal, information on how to submit articles for publication, and the NC JOLT 
Blog—home to short posts on recent law and technology developments—are also 
found on the Journal’s website. 
NC JOLT is an exclusively online publication. Articles are available on the Journal’s  
webpage at https://journals.law.unc.edu/ncjolt/ as well as through LexisNexis ,  
Westlaw, and HeinOnline subscription services. Print issues prior to Volume 25 can  
be purchased directly through William S. Hein & Co.; for later print issues, email 
me.ncjolt@gmail.com. 
 
Source Archival: The Journal includes archival permalinks to ensure cited online 
sources remain available to readers in unaltered form. Permalinks labeled “staff-
uploaded” were created manually. Permalinks labeled “dark archive” may be accessed  
by contacting the Journal. Other materials labeled “on file” will be retained for a 
maximum of five years after publication.  
 
Information for Authors: The Journal welcomes the submission of unsolicited  
manuscripts for publication. Text and citations in the Journal conform generally to 
the twenty-first edition of The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation. Professors and 
practitioners are encouraged to submit double-spaced papers on contemporary issues  
in the fields of law, science, and technology. The Journal also welcomes suggestions 
for future topics of research. Email submissions.ncjolt@gmail.com for further 
information. 
 
Copyright Policy: Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this 
work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that (1) copies 
are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage, (2) copies bear 
proper notice of this copyright, (3) copies include on the first page a full citation 
identifying the author and NC JOLT (including the article’s volume, page number,  
and year of publication), and (4) notice of the use is given to NC JOLT. Copyrights 
for components of this work owned by others than the Journal must be honored; 
copyright to each article is owned by its respective author(s). Abstracting with credit  
is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute 
to lists requires prior specific permission from and/or a fee paid to the copyright 
holder for use of the material.  
Copyright © 2024, North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology. All rights reserved. 
 
 
Cite as: 26 N.C. J.L. & TECH. ___ (2024). 
 
 
Web Address: https://journals.law.unc.edu/ncjolt/ 
  
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 
Sounds Good: How the Inflation Reduction Act and New EPA 
Regulations Mitigate the Music Streaming Industry’s Carbon 
Footprint 
By Thomas C. Hammons ...................................................................153 
 
Love at First Swipe: How Dating Apps Compromise User Privacy 
and Data Protection  
By Anjali K. Purohit.........................................................................183 
 
You’ve Got Fraud: Meta’s Embrace of Fraudulent Ads and How 
§ 230 Can Protect Us 
By Benjamin D. Spain.......................................................................217 
 
Reality Check: Regulate or Ruin? The High-Stakes Battle for Crypto’s 
Future 
By Kareem Subei...............................................................................253 
 
 
  
 


Purohit, Anjali K.

Love at First Swipe: How Dating Apps Compromise User Privacy and Data Protection

Spain, Benjamin D.

You’ve Got Fraud: Meta’s Embrace of Fraudulent Ads and How § 230 Can Protect Us

Park, Stephan Kim

Untangling the Extraterritorialty of ESG Regulation

University of North Carolina Hospitals

Not a member yet

Transforming Legal Sex

Dueling Discretion: The Imperfect Mechanisms for Removing Elected Prosecutors

The Price of Parenthood

Abortion, Gay Equality, and the Normative Power of the Actual

Generative AI and Copyright Law: A Misalignment That Could Lead to the Privatization of Copyright Enforcement

Front Matter

Front Matter

Love at First Swipe: How Dating Apps Compromise User Privacy and Data Protection

You’ve Got Fraud: Meta’s Embrace of Fraudulent Ads and How § 230 Can Protect Us

Untangling the Extraterritorialty of ESG Regulation

9,445

9,571