Ithaca College

Feldman, Aidan

Whalen Symposium Abstract for Award 
 
Aidan Feldman 
“Shekure, Sex, and Post-Secularism in My Name is Red” 
Sponsored by Professor Eric Steinschneider 
 
My research, titled “Shekure, Sex, and Post-Secularism in My Name is Red” can be best 
considered in the backdrop of the scholars Talal Asad and Michael Kaufmann, who have written 
about the secular/religious binary as a function of power and about the narrative of secularization 
within literary studies, respectively, and in whose context my scholarship has been and is 
currently informed by. Furthermore, my research can be located in a similar vein as that of 
Professor Samah Choudhury, who has both taught and written about the function of socio-
religious dynamics in popular culture and media, and who has significantly informed my own 
research. Specifically, however, my scholarship builds explicitly upon the work of Rosi 
Braidotti, in particular her article “In Spite of the Times: The Postsecular Turn in Feminism.” 
Braidotti’s work examines the interaction between the postsecular turn – a movement away 
from constructing the world in terms of a binary opposition between the religious and the secular 
– and European feminism, a movement which has historically been undergirded by 
Enlightenment ideals of rationality, in opposition to religion, as well as by Marxist thought 
which famously claims that “Religion is the opium of the people.” Braidotti thus establishes a 
framework which seeks to move beyond standard European feminist thought and identify how 
women can be empowered through their own individual interactions with dominant religions and 
religious norm in what my research terms “creative affirmation.” In my scholarship, I adopt 
Braidotti’s framework as a means of literary analysis. Moreover, I center this framework upon 
Islam and Muslim women, particularly upon the narratives that Muslim women have been 
subsumed under. My research used critical and historical analysis in service of my argument that 
the literary form can be and has been used as a location of resistance to hegemony and 
hegemonic ideas. 
The essay for which this proposed oral presentation comes from was written for my 
“Religion and Literature” class taught by Professor Eric Steinschneider in the fall of 2021. 
Specifically, the essay constituted my final paper. Given that the paper was written for Professor 
Steinschneider’s class, he was substantially involved in the processes of creation and revision. 
His aid was formative and integral to my writing process.  
As a result of Professor Steinschneider’s assistance and my own intensive hours of research, 
“Shekure, Sex, and Post-Secularism in My Name is Red” contributes to the theoretical landscape 
of religious studies scholarship insofar as it develops a critical and historical method and media 
analysis within the field of post-secular feminist scholarship. Furthermore, having used 
Braidotti’s analysis to deconstruct prevalent stereotypes and perceptions of Muslim women with 
particular reference to aesthetics and sexual agency, the research conducted obtains practical 
value insofar as it moves beyond reductive conversations concerning Islam and women’s 
ostensible ‘place’ within it. Given the predominance of broad power of such reductive 
conversations about Muslim women and negative stereotypes in popular media, analysis like my 
own proves to be of eminent social and scholarly utility. 
 
 
 
Works Cited 
Braidotti, Rosi. “In Spite of the Times: The Postsecular Turn in Feminism.” Theory, Culture & 
Society, vol. 25, no. 6, Nov. 2008, pp. 1–24. DOI.org (Crossref), 
https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276408095542. 
Göknar, Erdağ. “Turkish-Islamic Feminism Confronts National Patriarchy: Halide Edib’s Divided 
Self.” Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, 2013, pp. 32–57. DOI.org 
(Crossref), https://doi.org/10.2979/jmiddeastwomstud.9.2.32. 
Grabar, Oleg. “From the Icon to Aniconism: Islam and the Image.” Museum International, vol. 55, 
no. 2, Sept. 2003, pp. 46–53. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1350-
0775.2003.00425.x. 
Keddie, Nikki R. “The Past and Present of Women in the Muslim World.” Journal of world history 1, 
no. 1 (1990): 77–108. 
Pamuk, Orhan. My Name Is Red. Random House. 
Sufism in Turkey. https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/faq/sufism-turkey. Accessed 8 Dec. 2021. 
Tezcan. “The Disenchantment of Sufism, the Rationalization of Sunni Islam, and Early Modernity.” 
Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association, vol. 7, no. 1, 2020, p. 67. DOI.org 
(Crossref), https://doi.org/10.2979/jottturstuass.7.1.21. 
 
 
 
 


English

Shekure, Sex, and Post-Secularism in My Name is Red

Flannery, Celia

Celia Flannery 
2022 Whalen Synopsis 
March 7, 2022 
Original Sin: Abuse, Authority, and Afterlife in the Music of Julien Baker Abstract 
 My research explores the music of artist Julien Baker and the influence of original sin 
doctrines on her life and feelings of self. A 26-year-old musician originating from Germantown, 
Tennessee, Baker released her albums Sprained Ankle, Turn Out the Lights, and Little Oblivions 
to critical and commercial acclaim. Throughout her discography, Baker’s lyrics explore themes 
of religion, mental illness, and substance abuse. She primarily writes about her feelings of 
unworthiness, as though something is fundamentally wrong with her. I explore this connection to 
popular teachings of the doctrine of original sin. 
Protestant traditions typically hold that original sin is “a corruption of human nature 
consequent upon the primal sin of an original human pair” (Crisp, 257). That pair, Adam and 
Eve, disobey God, contributing not just to their own fall, but that of humanity. This idea appears 
frequently in sermons and preaching from the Great Awakening through the rise of evangelical 
Christianity in America. It is a foundational doctrine in Baker’s religious upbringing, as she 
describes learning in non-denominational churches “God is so loving that he forgives you for 
being fundamentally flawed in a way you can never fix because you’re a dirty, evil sinner” (Rao, 
n.p.). In many ways, the pains from addiction and religion appear side by side in Baker’s music. 
Both act as something she does to soothe her suffering but end up leaving her feeling worse than 
before: “When I could spend the weekend out on a bender/Do I get callous or do I stay 
tender/Which of these is worse/And which is better?/Dying to myself virtually, a massacre/A 
character of somebody's invention/A martyr in another passion play/I guess I don't mind losing 
my conviction/If it's all relative fiction anyway” (Baker, Relative Fiction). These lyrics detail 
Baker’s feelings of losing herself in addiction and pain, becoming someone else’s version of 
herself, whether that be from religion or drugs, or even both. In experiencing this, Baker begins 
changing her beliefs, what she calls losing her conviction, as she realizes how they truly affect 
her. Only when she modifies her relationship to original sin does Baker start the process of 
healing from both sources of trauma, and she ultimately embraces an abstracted understanding of 
Christianity rooted in a release from suffering rather than the imposition of it. 
In analyzing how the doctrine of original sin promoted in Christianity influenced Baker’s 
life, my research uses a range of sources including the Great Awakening preacher Jonathan 
Edwards’s Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. In this famous sermon, Edwards teaches his 
listeners to fear God, to forever grovel in penance, shame, and unworthiness, and be ever aware 
that “if God should let you go, you would immediately sink and swiftly descend and plunge into 
the bottomless gulf.” (Edwards, 4). Baker’s transformation from self-hatred to liberation through 
Christianity is the type of thinking foregrounded by the Black theologian James H. Cone in his 
book Black Theology and Black Power, which states “To allow one's concern to be directed 
toward heaven is to deny the freedom... Therefore hope is not a theoretical concept to be 
answered in a seminary classroom or in the privacy of one's experiences. It is a practical idea 
which deals with the reality of this world” (Cone, 70-71). This liberatory shift in thinking 
accompanies how her faith changes in relation to ideas of self-worth, self-hatred, and authority. 
Her perceptions of the afterlife evolve in tandem, as she shifts from wanting a release from 
suffering in death to finding that same release in life and through Christianity. Baker’s music 
portrays a complex relationship between God and herself stemming from the doctrine of original 
sin, and culminates into an astonishing reflection on abuse, authority, and the afterlife. 
Works Cited: 
Julien Baker, Little Oblivions (Matador Records, 2021) n.p. 
Julien Baker, Relative Fiction (Matador Records, 2021) n.p. 
Julien Baker, Sprained Ankle  (6131 Records, 2015) n.p. 
Julien Baker, Turn Out the Lights (Matador Records, 2018) n.p. 
James H. Cone, Black Theology and Black Power (EBSCO Publishing, 2020). 
Oliver D. Crisp, On Original Sin (International Journal of Systematic Theology : IJST, 2015). 
Jonathan Edwards, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (Christian Classics Ethereal Library, 
1741). 
Rao, Sonia, Julien Baker questioned her faith. Music helped her embrace the uncertainty (The 
Washington Post, 2021) 


Original Sin: Abuse, Authority, and Afterlife in the Music of Julien Baker

Crowley, Jon

Reid, Lauren

Bertic, Julien

ABSTRACT:
Previous studies have analyzed gender messages in children’s television programs, commercials,
and literature, noting that girls and women are often underrepresented and portrayed in
stereotypical ways (Berry et al., 2017; Hamilton et al., 2006; Matthes et al., 2016). The three
target audiences that we studied are girls, boys and neutral. The purpose of this research is to
portray the difference among representation of girls versus boys within each target audience
book. To further this research, we categorized the children's book into numerous activity types.
Using the unit of analysis the total of - activities were coded from twenty books. Some of these
include crosswords, word searches, sudoku, image matching, tips. Findings showed that books
geared to girls were far more likely to include messages regarding physical appearance and
relationships, with a lighter color scheme (purple and pink). Books geared toward boys were
more likely to consist of activities relating to sports, cars, and a variety of insects. We also found
that the gender neutral book activity types aligned more with the boy books as compared to the
girls.


What Role Does Gender Play On Children’s Books?

Watson, Connor

The Right & AIDS: Effects of Political Ignorance on a Community

Trant, Danielle

Huang, Evelyn

Microplastic Source Concentrations in Ithaca, NY and Comparisons to Literature

Mabus, Brenden

Whalen Symposium Submission 
Policy Directives for the Expansion of Sustainable Cannabis Industries in the 
United States 
Brenden Mabus

	 

	 Cannabis is one most sustainable, versatile and ecologically regenerative crops 
available for production in the United States (Ahmed et al. 2022; Beluns et al. 2021; 
Finnan and Styles 2013; Fraanje 1997; O’Brien and and Arathi 2019; Schumacher et al. 
2020;). Cannabis products includes “marijuana”, the plant’s psychoactive form, and 
non-psychoactive cannabinoids like the well-proliferated cannabidiol (CBD), but other 
useful cannabis derivatives also include textiles (rope, paper, clothing, etc.), bioplastic 
(Gupta et al. 2021), biofuel (Buck and Senn 2016), building materials (Bennai et al. 
2022; Ingrao et al. 2015), and nutrient-dense food (Ahmed et al. 2022; Gergorio 2020; 
Ivanyi and Izaki 2007; Moscariello et al. 2021; Ranalli 2004; Shen et al. 2021). However, 
due to the broader cannabis industry’s immaturity, there remains a significant amount 
of uncertainty in its continued growth and stability (Cherney 2016). This study was 
based on my intrigue toward this reality across the large matrix of different cannabis 
subindustries. What obstacles are preventing the cannabis industry from growing to 
reflect its sustainable and multi-purpose potential and making positive socioeconomic 
and environmental impacts? Furthermore, how can such obstacles be overcome?

	 To explore this question I studied the existing literature on the state of the 
cannabis industry from an interdisciplinary perspective with an emphasis on agronomy 
and policy. I found that many cannabis producers simply do not have access to robust 
educational resources necessary for engaging in agronomic practices ideal for 
sustainable cannabis (Adesina et al. 2020; Dingha 2019; Stevenson 2017). This makes 
starting a farm a difficult and risky endeavor (Olson et al. 2020), which is not only a 
discouraging factor for potential farmers but also for potential investors who provide 
necessary capital (Ellison 2021). Beyond the agronomics though, this also has 
implications further along the supply chain; the processing of cannabis—a particularly 
essential component for industrial applications (e.g. textiles, bioplastic, etc.) but others 
as well—is also suffering from a lack of technical knowledge (Zhao et al. 2020) and 
recent innovation (Fortenbery and Bennett 2004; Mussig et al. 2020).

	 Another significant impediment for expanding the cannabis is the immaturity and 
shortcomings of the policies and regulations that govern cannabis (Sterns 2019). The 
classification of different forms of cannabis into categories like marijuana, hemp, and 
industrial hemp which have guided policy-making, is antiquated. This categorization 
the result of taboos and racial/cultural stigmas associated with the prohibition in the 
United States (Harper 2019; Reiman 2013; Small 2015). Distinguishing cannabis 
varieties as marijuana (psychoactive) and hemp (non-psychoactive) has allowed federal 
policy to place an arbitrary 0.3% tetrahydrocannibidol (THC, the psychoactive chemical 
of cannabis) limit on all forms of hemp, which may be reasonable for cannabis meant 
for ingestion/inhalation, but not for cannabis that is grown for other purposes. 
“Industrial hemp” farmers and other cannabis actors routinely lose out on substantial 
quantities of their revenue simply because a harvest exceeds an often irrelevant 0.3% 
THC limit, thereby increasing risk and uncertainty along the entire supply chain (Fine 
2020).

	 I have concluded that resolving these issues with exhaustive and holistic 
regulatory reform to ease entry and existence in the industries and policies favoring the 
development of a robust, resilient and cohesive supply chain is vital for sustainable 
cannabis industries to expand in a economically sustainable manner. If these 
conditions are met, then sustainable cannabis will have the opportunity to grow to 
represent a large portion of American agriculture and raw material markets, thus 
transitioning many American communities away from the socioeconomic insecurity and 
environmental degradation for which the mainstream modes of agriculture and raw 
material extraction are responsible (Crews 2018) toward a sustainable and resilient 
resource economy equipped to handle increasingly severe environmental hazards 
(Berardi et al. 2011).

References 
Adesina, Ifeoluwa, Arnab Bhowmik, Harmandeep Sharma, and Abolghasem Shahbazi. 2020. 
“A Review on the Current State of Knowledge of Growing Conditions, Agronomic Soil Health 
Practices and Utilities of Hemp in the United States.” Agriculture 10 (4). https://doi.org/
10.3390/agriculture10040129.

Ahmed, A T M Faiz, Md Zahidul Islam, Md Sultan Mahmud, Md Emdad Sarker, and Md Reajul 
Islam. 2022. “Hemp as a Potential Raw Material toward a Sustainable World: A Review.” 
Heliyon 8 (1): e08753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08753.

Beluns, Sergejs, Sergejs Gaidukovs, Oskars Platnieks, Gerda Gaidukova, Inese Mierina, Liga 
Grase, Olesja Starkova, Prans Brazdausks, and Vijay Kumar Thakur. 2021. “From Wood and 
Hemp Biomass Wastes to Sustainable Nanocellulose Foams.” Industrial Crops and Products 
170 (October): 113780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113780.

Bennai, Fares, Mohammed Yacine Ferroukhi, Ferhat Benmahiddine, Rafik Belarbi, and Armelle 
Nouviaire. 2022. “Assessment of Hygrothermal Performance of Hemp Concrete Compared to 
Conventional Building Materials at Overall Building Scale.” Construction and Building Materials 
316 (January): 126007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.126007.

Berardi, Gigi, Rebekah Green, and Bryant Hammond. 2011. “Stability, Sustainability, and 
Catastrophe: Applying Resilience Thinking to U. S. Agriculture.” Human Ecology Review 18 (2): 
115–25.

Buck, Michael, and Thomas Senn. 2016. “Energy Self-Sufficient Production of Bioethanol from 
a Mixture of Hemp Straw and Triticale Seeds: Life-Cycle Analysis.” Biomass and Bioenergy 95 
(December): 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.09.018.

Cherney, Jerome. 2016. “Industrial Hemp in North America: Production, Politics and Potential.” 
Agronomy 6 (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy6040058.

Crews, Timothy. 2018. “Is the Future of Agriculture Perennial? Imperatives and Opportunities to 
Reinvent Agriculture by Shifting from Annual Monocultures to Perennial Polycultures.” Global 
Sustainability 1. https://doi.org/10.1017/sus.2018.11.

Dingha, Beatrice. 2019. “Industrial Hemp Knowledge and Interest among North Carolina 
Organic Farmers in the United States.” Sustainability 11 (9). https://doi.org/10.3390/
su11092691.

Ellison, Shelby. 2021. “Hemp ( Cannabis Sativa L.) Research Priorities: Opinions from United 
States Hemp Stakeholders.” Global Change Biology. Bioenergy 13 (4). https://doi.org/10.1111/
gcbb.12794.

Fine, Doug. 2020. American Hemp Farmer: Adventures and Misadventures in the Cannabis 
Trade. Chelsea Green Publishing.

Finnan, John, and David Styles. 2013. “Hemp: A More Sustainable Annual Energy Crop for 
Climate and Energy Policy.” Energy Policy 58 (July): 152–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.enpol.2013.02.046.

Fortenbery, T. Randall, and Michael Bennett. 2004. “Opportunities for Commercial Hemp 
Production.” Review of Agricultural Economics 26 (1): 97–117.

Fraanje, Peter J. 1997. “Cascading of Renewable Resources Hemp and Reed.” Industrial Crops 
and Products 6 (3): 201–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(97)00009-5.

Gergorio, Crini. 2020. “Applications of Hemp in Textiles, Paper Industry, Insulation and Building 
Materials, Horticulture, Animal Nutrition, Food and Beverages, Nutraceuticals, Cosmetics and 
Hygiene, Medicine, Agrochemistry, Energy Production and Environment: A Review.” 
Environmental Chemistry Letters 18 (5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01029-2.

Gupta, Arvind, Bansri Chudasama, Boon Peng Chang, and Tizazu Mekonnen. 2021. “Robust 
and Sustainable PBAT – Hemp Residue Biocomposites: Reactive Extrusion Compatibilization 
and Fabrication.” Composites Science and Technology 215 (October): 109014. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.109014.

Harper, Chester. 2019. “All Is for the Best in the Best of All Possible Worlds.” Vermont Journal 
of Environmental Law 21 (1): 55–89.

Ingrao, Carlo, Agata Lo Giudice, Jacopo Bacenetti, Caterina Tricase, Giovanni Dotelli, Marco 
Fiala, Valentina Siracusa, and Charles Mbohwa. 2015. “Energy and Environmental Assessment 
of Industrial Hemp for Building Applications: A Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy 
Reviews 51 (November): 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.002.

Ivanyi, Ildikó, and Zoltán Izsaki. 2007. “Role Of Fibre Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) In Sustainable 
Agriculture.” Cereal Research Communications 35 (2): 509–12.

Moscariello, Carlo, Silvio Matassa, Giovanni Esposito, and Stefano Papirio. 2021. “From 
Residue to Resource: The Multifaceted Environmental and Bioeconomy Potential of Industrial 
Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.).” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 175 (December): 105864. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105864.

Müssig, Jörg, Stefano Amaducci, Alain Bourmaud, Johnny Beaugrand, and Darshil U. Shah. 
2020. “Transdisciplinary Top-down Review of Hemp Fibre Composites: From an Advanced 
Product Design to Crop Variety Selection.” Composites Part C: Open Access 2 (October): 
100010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomc.2020.100010.

O’Brien, C., and H.S. Arathi. 2019. “Bee Diversity and Abundance on Flowers of Industrial 
Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.).” Biomass and Bioenergy 122 (March): 331–35. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.01.015.

Olson, David W., Suzanne D. Thornsbury, and Sara Scott. 2020. “Hope for Hemp: New 
Opportunities and Challenges for an Old Crop.” Amber Waves, June 2020.

Ranalli, Paolo. 2004. “Hemp as a Raw Material for Industrial Applications.” Euphytica 140 (1–2). 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-004-4749-8.

Reiman, Amanda. 2013. “The Fallacy of a One Size Fits All Cannabis Policy.” Humboldt Journal 
of Social Relations 35: 104–22.

Schumacher, Duque, Sérgio Pequito, Jennifer Pazour, and Ana Gabriela. 2020. “Industrial 
Hemp Fiber: A Sustainable and Economical Alternative to Cotton.” Journal of Cleaner 
Production 268 (September): 122180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122180.

Shen, Peiyi, Zili Gao, Baochen Fang, Jiajia Rao, and Bingcan Chen. 2021. “Ferreting out the 
Secrets of Industrial Hemp Protein as Emerging Functional Food Ingredients.” Trends in Food 
Science & Technology 112 (June): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.022.

Small, Ernest. 2015. “Evolution and Classification of Cannabis Sativa (Marijuana, Hemp) in 
Relation to Human Utilization.” Botanical Review 81 (3): 189–294.

 

Sterns, James. 2019. “Is the Emerging U.S. Hemp Industry Yet Another Boom–Bust Market for 
U.S. Farmers?” Choices 34 (3). https://ezproxy.ithaca.edu/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/
stable/26964940.

Stevenson, Rebekah. 2017. “Experiences and Perceptions of West Virginia Stakeholders 
towards Industrial Hemp and Its End Uses.” West Virginia University. https://www-proquest-
com.ezproxy.ithaca.edu/docview/1900975877/D1666BC0DB484089PQ/4?accountid=11644.

Zhao, Jikai, Youjie Xu, Weiqun Wang, Jason Griffin, Kriag Roozeboom, and Donghai Wang. 
2020. “Bioconversion of Industrial Hemp Biomass for Bioethanol Production: A Review.” Fuel 
281 (December): 118725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118725.



Policy Directives for the Expansion of Sustainable Cannabis Industries in the United States

Yorks, Kelli-Anne

TITLE: Complex Medical History’s Impact on Rehabilitation of Total Knee Replacement in an 
Outpatient Physical Therapy Clinic: A Case Report  
CURRENT SECTION: Orthopedics 
CURREN SUB-CATEGORY: Acute Care & TKR  
SIG AUTHORS: Kelli-Anne Yorks, SPT.  Sanghee Moon, PT, PhD  
ABSTRACT 
Background:  Total Knee Replacements (TKR) are common musculoskeletal surgical 
interventions combatting chronic knee pain and instability.  However, there is limited research 
evaluating the effect of complications, co-morbidities, or complex medical histories have on 
these patients recovery.  The purpose of this case study is to evaluate how a typical orthopedic 
surgery’s rehabilitation can be impacted by such factors affecting patient’s ability to fully 
recover.   
Methods: The patient was a 70 year old male who presents to an orthopedic outpatient PT clinic 
after a TKR which was preceded with two knee arthroscopes with complications leading to 
compartment release surgery and open heart surgery.  The patient was hospitalized for two 
months prior to being discharged home and cleared for physical therapy for his TKR.  Typical 
approach to TKR rehabilitation was conducted including gait analysis, range of motion, muscle 
testing, and balance to guide treatment.  Upon initial evaluation, patient presented with 
significant deficits in hip and knee strength, active and passive range of motion, balance, and 
function. Patient completed for five weeks of physical therapy (Phase I (weeks 1-2), Phase II 
(weeks 3-4), and Phase III (week 5)), included interventions to improve range of motion, 
strength, weight bearing and non-weightbearing tolerance, flexibility, balance, gait and function. 
Throughout rehabilitation, typical treatments were altered daily due to deconditioning, 
cardiorespiratory complications, and multiple referrals out due complications making exercise 
and physical therapy contraindicated. Outcome measures included girth, active and passive range 
of motion, manual muscle testing, balance, function and lower extremity functional scale.  
Results: Patient’s progress was evaluated on the 10th visit of Physical Therapy after completion 
of two phases of rehabilitation.  Upon progress note, patient demonstrated clinically significant 
improvements in all aspects of his musculoskeletal testing and was making strides toward 
achieving his short and long term goals.  However, patient continued to have range of motion 
deficits in the right knee in all planes of range of motion limited primarily by scar tissue and 
tightness in knee joint.  Despite patient’s improvements and being over two months post-op, he 
continued to have significant inflammation, poor wound healing, and poor cardiorespiratory 
health.  Patient had to be sent to his doctor during a treatment session due to presenting with an 
infection in his knee joint, resulting in hospitalization for 21 days.  As a result, patient had to be 
medically discharged from physical therapy until further notice and discharge measurements 
were unobtainable.  
Discussion:  Complex medical history accompanied by complications during surgery plays a 
negative influence on the rehabilitation of our patients. The patient was highly motivated, 
compliant with physical therapy, and made clinically significant changes in his range of motion, 
strength, and perception of function with rehabilitation.  Patient would have been a good 
candidate to have a successful discharge from Physical Therapy but had to discontinue and could 
not reach full rehabilitation potential due to complexity of his condition, medical history, 
prolonged hospitalization, and poor wound healing making him more susceptible to infection.  
Patient presented to the clinical as a “typical” knee replacement case but became a far more 
complex case, leading to poor rehabilitation outcomes.  


Complex Medical History’s Impact on Rehabilitation of Total Knee Replacement in an Outpatient Physical Therapy Clinic: A Case Report

Fennessy, Aidan

Didona, Katherine

Ferro, Gabrielle

Choe, Chloe

 Bodies and Branding: Beating Beauty Standards 
 Abstract 
 While many women’s fashion companies have used social media as a PR tool to create a 
 more inclusive and diverse image for themselves, their efforts to change do not always feel 
 genuine to their audience. Brands do not tend to appear genuine to their audiences when their 
 body positive content campaigns spring seemingly out of nowhere, and conflict with previous 
 messaging that their brand has put out about bodies, diversity, or exclusivity. When companies 
 have inconsistency between their messages and use body positivity purely as a marketing tool 
 rather than a part of their corporate social responsibility, it hurts not only the integrity of the 
 brand, but also the young women viewing their content. 
 Companies must acknowledge that the language and imagery used in their social 
 media marketing has an impact on their audience, and take responsibility for the messages that 
 they are sending young women with their social media presence. Not acknowledging this fact 
 results in the creation of content that is potentially damaging or even dangerous to the young 
 women in their audience and target demographic. In the age of the internet, social media 
 managers within the fashion and beauty industries are currently facing the challenge of creating 
 content that promotes body positivity in a way that feels authentic to the brand and their 
 audience. Failing this task has negative impacts on their primary audience, young women.What 
 if there was a way to create genuine and effective body positive social media campaigns? As 
 young women and young communication professionals about to enter the communications 
 field, we want to create positive change for both the industry and their audiences, which led us 
 to conduct our research on this issue. 
 Our research started with a literature review in order to help understand the issues of 
 body image, social media, corporate authenticity, and the current landscape these issues all 
 exist in, as well as how they all connect. This literature review was the foundation of our 
 research and informed our survey methods as well as our research questions: What are the 
 impacts of companies’ social media marketing on young women’s body image and satisfaction? 
 How can companies create genuine and effective body positive social media campaigns? What 
 changes must be made to the current system in order to decrease the negative impacts on 
 young women? How can companies develop authenticity and genuineness when promoting 
 body positivity in their brand messages on social media? Our primary research was an 
 anonymous survey of over 100 participants, aged 18-24, who used social media. Additionally, 
 we conducted two interviews with industry professionals to gain deeper insight into the inner 
 workings of the marketing world. 
 After reviewing business publications, academic research, professional interviews, and 
 conducting our own survey of social media users in the targeted demographic, we discovered 
 several key insights: 
 I. Body positivity and diversity values need to be reflected company wide in order 
 to feel authentic to the consumer, which has additional benefits for the brand 
 image and public relations. 
 II. Changing the specific language and imagery used by brands on their social 
 media has positive effects on the audience's perception of the brands’ values. 
 III. In order to correct this problem, a new ethical standard needs to be developed 
 in advertising by creating guidelines for the language and images used when 
 depicting bodies in social media campaigns. 


Bodies and Branding: Beating Beauty Standards in 2022

Lust, Alexander

Holguin, Santiago

Alex Lust and Santiago Holguin 
 
The impact of three reduced exertion exercise prescriptions on VO2max and physical self-
efficacy 
Abstract: 
Purpose: Metcalfe et al. (2016) showed that three 20-second intervals at 5% body mass (BM), 
separated by 200 sec active rest, completed three times a week on a cycle ergometer, improved 
cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by 12%. Such intervals are labeled reduced exertion high-
intensity interval training (REHIT), as the exercise prescription contains less work and is at a 
lower intensity than traditional exercise programming. We seek to extend this work by 
examining the impact of two lighter load REHIT protocols on CRF in college-aged students 
(21.3 ± 0.5 years, 77.2 ± 10.6 kg). Methods: 18 subjects were assigned to one of three groups 
based on match pairing for CFR: 20-second sprints at 5% BM; 15-second sprints at 5% BM; and 
20-second sprints at 4% BM; subjects completed two sprints per workout, separated by 160 
seconds of active recovery, three times a week for four weeks. CRF and physical self-efficacy 
(PSE) were measured before and after training.  PSE included sub measures for perceived 
physical ability (PPA), and physical self-presentation confidence (PSPC). Data Analysis: Two 
tailed paired samples and independent t-tests will be used to compare within group and between 
group data, respectively.  Alpha will be set at 0.5. Results: TBA Conclusion: TBA 
 


The Impact Of Three Reduced Exertion Exercise Prescriptions On VO2max And Physical Self-efficacy

Berkowitz, Jolie

Daley, Sophie

Dedanto, Isidora

Predictors of Cheating in Relationships
There are many challenges to intimate relationships, one of which is physical infidelity.
Previous studies report that women are more likely to engage in emotional infidelity, while men
are more likely to cheat on their partners physically (Afrouz 2009). The behavior of cheating in a
romantic relationship has been linked to personality traits, specifically the Big 5. According to
Orzeck & Lung (2005), people who cheat tend to have higher rates of extraversion and openness,
in contrast to lower rates of neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. Although there is
less research between infidelity and impulsivity, several studies suggest that it is predictive of
cheating.
The current study focused on cheating in romantic relationships in relation to gender,
personality traits, and impulsivity. In this study, we tested the following four hypotheses; that
men are more likely to cheat than women, that personality variables predict cheating, specifically
that extraversion, agreeableness and openness to experience are associated with infidelity
whereas conscientiousness and neuroticism are more likely to predict infidelity. We also
hypothesized that people who cheat are more impulsive and also have lower empathy.
Additionally it was hypothesized that people who report cheating are more likely to suspect a
partner of cheating without proof.
A sample of 432 students enrolled at a liberal arts college completed this study.
Participants completed an anonymous online survey using Qualtrics. The students received extra
credit in psychology courses in exchange for participation. Of all the participants, 78.8%
identified as female, 13.2%  identified as male, nine students identified as transgender (2.6 %).
Of all the students, 72.9% identified as White, 10.3% as Black, 9.4% as Hispanic or Latino, 7.4%
Asian, 0.6% as American Indian or Alaskan Native, 0.9% as Middle Eastern, and 1.2% as Pacific
Islander, with 1.5% as Other. Participants completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, The NEO-
PI-R Scale, the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire. These scales were part of a larger study
containing multiple measures, decreasing the likelihood participants were aware of the goals of
this study. The study was reviewed and  approved by the college’s Institutional Review Board.
About 1 in 5 people reported cheating on their romantic partner. There were gender
differences in reported rates of cheating. Personality traits were associated with the likelihood of
cheating. Extraversion predicted reports of cheating, while the effect of conscientiousness on
infidelity trended toward significance. The role of Agreeableness in cheating also trended
towards significance. Impulsivity also predicted cheating for both men and women, but lower
levels of empathy predicted cheating for women alone. Interestingly, people who reported
cheating on a partner are more likely to suspect their partner of cheating. This may be because
they are in relationships that are categorized by cheating or because they are projecting their own
faithfulness onto their partner. The limitations of the study include sample size, the college
sample, and particularly the low number of men in the sample. Suggestions for future research
are made. Also, the current research is limited to cheating in college age relationships and
patterns in older relationships may be different.
References
Orzeck, T., & Lung, E. (2005). Big-five personality differences of cheaters and
non-cheaters: Research and Reviews. Current Psychology, 24(4), 274-286.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-005-1028-3
Shaye, A. (2009). Infidelity in dating relationships: Do Big Five personality traits and
gender influence infidelity?(Order No. 3368113). Available from ProQuest
Dissertations & Theses Global: Health & Medicine; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
Global: Social Sciences. (305175155).
https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/infidelity-dating-relationships-do-big-fiv
e/docview/305175155/se-2?accountid=11644
