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Holographic Microscopy with Python and HoloPy
No full text© 2019 IEEE. A holographic microscope captures interference patterns, or holograms, that encode three-dimensional (3-D) information about the object being viewed. Computation is essential to extract that 3-D information. By wrapping low-level scattering codes and taking advantage of Python\u27s data analysis ecosystem, HoloPy makes it easy for experimentalists to use modern, sophisticated inference methods to analyze holograms. The resulting data can be used to understand how small particles or microorganisms move and interact. The project illustrates how computational tools can enable experimental methods and new experiments
Changes in Muscle Morphology Following Gastrocnemius Recession for Achilles Tendinopathy: A Prospective Cohort Imaging Study
No full text© 2019 The Author(s). Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in posterior compartment muscle volume and intramuscular fat content following gastrocnemius recession in people with Achilles tendinopathy (AT). Methods. Eight patients diagnosed with unilateral recalcitrant AT and an isolated gastrocnemius contracture participated in this prospective cohort study. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on both limbs of each participant before and 6 months following an isolated gastrocnemius recession. Involved limb muscle volumes and fat fractions (FFs) of the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus muscle were normalized to the uninvolved limb. Preoperative to postoperative comparisons were made with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results. Soleus or lateral gastrocnemius muscle volumes or FFs were not significantly different between study time points. A significant difference was found in medial gastrocnemius muscle volume (decrease; P =.012) and FF (increase; P =.017). Conclusion. A major goal of the Strayer gastrocnemius recession, selective lengthening of the posterior compartment while preserving soleus muscle morphology, was supported. The observed changes isolated to the medial gastrocnemius muscle may reduce ankle plantarflexion torque capacity. Study findings may help inform selection of surgical candidates, refine anticipated outcomes, and better direct postoperative rehabilitation following gastrocnemius recession for AT. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Prospective cohort stud
Earlier and Concurrent Food Insecurity Are Associated with Suboptimal Parenting in Early Childhood
No full text© The Author(s) 2020. Food insecurity (FI) is associated with poor health, suboptimal nutrition, and disadvantaged linguistic, social, and academic development for children. Given the prominent role that parents play in children\u27s development, FI may be associated with parenting practices. Objectives: We aimed to understand how FI and its change over time relate to parenting in early childhood. Methods: Data were from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort: parental interviews and child assessments at 9 mo and 2, 4, and 5 y old. Dependent variables were parenting practices in years 2, 4, and 5 in parent-child interaction, discipline, rules, and routines in general and food-related settings. Stratified by gender, parenting outcomes were regressed on earlier FI and child, parent, and contextual covariates, then additionally regressed on concurrent FI, using models with full-information-maximum-likelihood and cluster control. Results: Earlier FI was associated with harsh discipline (girls, year 5: β1 = 0.0811, P \u3c 0.05) and frequent evening meals at a regular time (girls and boys, years 2 and 4), before adding concurrent FI. Accounting for earlier FI and covariates, concurrent FI was associated with harsh discipline (girls, years 2 and 4: β2 = 0.0489 and 0.0705, P \u3c 0.05; boys, year 2: β2 = 0.0584, P \u3c 0.05), rules about foods (girls, year 4), frequent evening meals as a family (girls, years 2 and 4), and frequent evening meals at a regular time (girls, years 2 and 4; boys, year 2); earlier FI remained associated with harsh discipline (girls, year 5) and frequent evening meals at a regular time (girls, years 2 and 4; boys, year 4). Conclusions: FI was linked with suboptimal parenting practices in structuring a general and food-related living environment, particularly for girls and by the age of 5 y
Urban Meyer Needs an Image Repair Coach
No full text© 2019, © 2019 Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Associations (GAMMA). Ohio State University football coach Urban Meyer became the subject of controversy when it was reported that one of his assistant coaches, Zach Smith, allegedly abused his spouse. Scrutiny followed the Smith reports as the media and public tried to understand Meyer’s interactions with Smith, knowledge of Smith’s conduct, proper reporting of that conduct, and handling of public relations prior to the 2018 college football season. Image repair theory (also known as image restoration theory) is utilized in this case study to assess Meyer’s public relations tactics in a time of crisis from July 24, 2018 to Sept. 22, 2018. This longitudinal approach specifically focused on a coach’s image repair quotes provides a unique contribution to the literature. Meyer used four of the five major image repair strategies noted by Benoit, more heavily leaning on reducing offensiveness of the event and mortification with the passing of time
An analysis of environmental sustainability in small & medium-sized enterprises: Patterns and trends
No full text© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment One of the greatest challenges facing the world today is climate change. The need to consistently advance with environmentally sustainable practices in today\u27s businesses is crucial, and businesses are demanded to be more environmentally sustainable every day. This study conducts an analysis of the literature on small and medium-sized enterprises\u27 (SMEs) environmental sustainability by carefully examining 122 studies from 58 journals published from 2013 to 2019. We investigate the trends in drivers and barriers of sustainability adoption to inform both SMEs managers and policymakers. Our results also classify the reviewed studies on the basis of their methodologies and show the distribution of studies across industry sectors and locations in order to set directions for future research on sustainability practices of SMEs
Corrigendum to “Asteroid Photometry” [Asteroids IV (2015) (P. Michel et al., eds.), pp. 129–150]
No full text© 2019 Elsevier Inc. In this short note we provide corrections to two typographical errors in the “Asteroid Photometry” chapter in Asteroids IV [Li et al., 2015, Asteroids IV, pp. 129–150]. The errors are in the equation of normal albedo for the Lambert model, and in the equation of disk-integrated phase function for the Lunar-Lambert model
Effect of online instruction on volunteers who support people with complex communication needs in active recreation
No full text© 2020 International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication. This study was conducted to teach and evaluate the effectiveness of an online training called The CAPTURE & Share program. The program was taught using online instruction in an asynchronous manner with six volunteers who facilitate recreational participation for individuals with complex communication needs. The online training focused on teaching volunteers how to support opportunities for individuals to capture photos and videos from recreation and then share them across their social networks. The first aim of the study was to teach the volunteers about implementation and use of the 8-step CAPTURE & Share program while the second aim was to evaluate the programs’ overall effectiveness. Two multiple baselines designs across three participants each were used to evaluate the volunteers’ written responses to probes delivered during baseline, intervention, maintenance, and generalization phases. Additionally, social validation data were collected. Results indicated that volunteers were not only successful in learning the program, but were also highly satisfied with the online training methods. Implications for using online instruction are discussed for speech-language pathologists, caregivers, individuals with complex communication needs, and recreational professionals
