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From Cyclones to Cybersecurity: A Call for Convergence in Risk and Crisis Communications Research
Get PDFEffective risk and crisis communication can improve health and safety and reduce harmful effects of hazards and disasters. A robust body of literature investigates mechanisms for improving risk and crisis communication. While effective risk and crisis communication strategies are equally desired across different hazard types (e.g., natural hazards, cyber security), the extent to which risk and crisis communication experts utilize the “lessons learned” from scientific domains outside their own is suspect. Therefore, we hypothesized that risk and crisis communication research is siloed according to academic disciplines at the detriment to the advancement of the field of risk communications research writ large. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the disciplinarity of 5,078 published articles containing risk and crisis communication keywords using a combination of simple descriptive statistics, natural language processing, and hierarchical clustering. Finding that the risk communication research is siloed according to disciplinary lexicons, we present our findings as a call for convergence amongst our risk and crisis communication scholars to bridge across our silos. In so doing, we will increase our ability to affect transformative change in the efficacy of our risk and crises messages across myriad hazard types – from cyclones to cybersecurity
Educational Case: Bullous pemphigoid
Get PDFThe following fictional case is intended as a learning tool within the Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME), a set of national standards for teaching pathology. These are divided into three basic competencies: Disease Mechanisms and Processes, Organ System Pathology, and Diagnostic Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology. For additional information, and a full list of learning objectives for all three competencies, see https://www.academicpathologyjournal.org/pcme.
Surgical Management of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are heterogeneous malignancies arising from enterochromaffin cells that can arise from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreas. Surgical management is the cornerstone of treatment, with the optimal approach tailored by tumor grade, size, location, and presence of metastasis. This review discusses the current strategies for the surgical management of NETs of the gastroenteropancreatic tract. Methods: A review of the available literature was conducted to evaluate surgical approaches to NETs. Consensus guidelines were incorporated to synthesize evidence-based recommendations. Results: For gastric NETs, surgical approach depends on Rindi Classification, WHO grade, and tumor size, with endoscopic approaches favored for smaller and low-grade lesions. Small bowel NETs can be multifocal and thus often require a surgical approach with careful evaluation of the entire intestine. Pancreatic NETs are categorized as functional or non-functional, with enucleation or formal resection strategies based on size, location, functional status, and risk of malignancy. Colorectal NETs are primarily treated with transanal localized or formal surgical resection, depending on lesion size and depth of invasion or presence of lymph node involvement. Appendiceal NETs are either treated with appendectomy or right hemicolectomy, depending on the size, location, and invasiveness of the lesions. For metastatic NETs, cytoreduction, liver transplantation, and targeted therapies offer symptom relief and possible survival benefits. Conclusions: Surgical resection provides curative potential for localized NETs and symptom control in metastatic cases. Future research is essential to refine guidelines for intermediate-risk lesions and multifocal tumors, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients with gastroenteropancreatic NETs
The Virginia Consortium for Teacher Preparation in Blindness and Vision Impairment: Program Overview and Structure
Get PDFThe Virginia Consortium for Teacher Preparation in Blindness and Vision Impairment (VI Consortium) is a collaborative personnel preparation program consisting of George Mason University (Mason), Old Dominion University (ODU), and Radford University (RU). Funded by a grant from the Virginia Department of Education (VDOE), the VI Consortium trains teachers to work with students who are blind and visually impaired as teachers of students with visual impairments (TSVIs) across the Commonwealth of Virginia. Each of our partner universities recruits, advises, enrolls, and confers degrees for teacher candidates. Mason serves as the primary institution, coordinating grants, awarding sub-contracts, developing and leading courses, and managing programmatic administrative responsibilities
Can Language Models Reason About ICD Codes to Guide the Generation of Clinical Notes?
No full textIn the past decade a surge in the amount of electronic health record (EHR) data in the United States, attributed to a favorable policy environment created by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 and the 21st Century Cures Act of 2016. Clinical notes for patients’ assessments, diagnoses, and treatments are captured in these EHRs in free-form text by physicians, who spend a considerable amount of time entering them. Manually writing clinical notes may take considerable amount of time, increasing the patient’s waiting time and could possibly delay diagnoses. Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-3 possess the ability to generate news articles that closely resemble human-written ones. We investigate the usage of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompt engineering to improve the LLM’s response in clinical note generation. In our prompts, we incorporate International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and basic patient information along with similar clinical case examples to investigate how LLMs can effectively formulate clinical notes. We tested our CoT prompt technique on six clinical cases from the CodiEsp test dataset using GPT-4 as our LLM and our results show that it outperformed the standard zero-shot prompt
Magnetic and pH-Sensitive Dual Actuation of Biohybrid Microswimmer of Targeted Drug Release Suitable for Cancer Cell Microenvironment
Get PDFThe chemotherapeutic agents most frequently used in cancer treatment often have limited effectiveness because of their low specificity for tumors and poor therapeutic performance. In addition to the aforementioned therapeutic challenges the drug delivery carriers conjugated with the drug encounter early detection and elimination from the immune system before arriving at the affected area continues to be a significant research focus among researchers. To address this prevalent issue, an effective approach has been developed that leverages the physiological differences between normal and tumor tissue to enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs. This drug delivery system is designed based on pH-sensitive drug release, ensuring targeted release within cancer cells. In the present study, we have developed a drug carrier called as biohybrid magnetic microswimmer (BMM). The BMM was formed through a three-step process: firstly, bacterial surfaces were functionalized with biotinylated PEG which enables the bacteria to escape the phagocytosis process; secondly, the anticancer drug lenalidomide was PEGylated to enhance solubility; and finally, both complexes were conjugated via streptavidin-biotin interaction. The study investigated bond formation, bacterial viability after drug treatment, pH-dependent release, and cytotoxicity in various cell lines (MCF-7 and THP-1 cells), and the results revealed that the concentration of the drug, released from BMM gradually increased as the pH of the solvent decreased from neutral to acidic, mimicking the surrounding environment of normal cells and cancer cells, respectively, which in turn affects the cancer cell viability negatively. Therefore, BMM shows promise in targeted drug delivery, utilizing magnetic manipulation and pH-triggered release, providing advantages that include bacteria\u27s maneuverability and PEG\u27s stealth properties, enhancing drug efficacy
Women\u27s and Men\u27s Authorship Experiences: A Prospective Meta Analysis
Get PDFThe opaqueness of author naming and ordering, when coupled with power dynamics, can lead to a number of disadvantages in academic careers. In this commentary, we investigate gender differences in authorship experiences in a large prospective meta-analytic study (k = 46; n = 3,565; 12 countries). We find that women’s and men’s authorship experiences differ significantly with women reporting greater prevalence of problematic behaviors. We present seven actionable recommendations for improving the receipt and reporting of intellectual credit. Such actions are needed to ensure fairness in authorship, which is one of the most powerful factors in academics’ career outcomes
Alert During What? Beyond the Big O to a Culturally-Cognizant, Process View of Entrepreneurial Alertness
Get PDFEntrepreneurial alertness is a psychological aptitude generally associated with aspects of nascent venturing, centered on individuals\u27 environmental observations, the association of resources, and idea evaluation. A decade following the Tang et al. (2012) consensus construct and scale, critiques remain questioning its utility and unique value to the major conversations in entrepreneurship. Proponents put great emphasis on entrepreneurial alertness\u27s proven association with opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial actions. Yet, critics suggest it might be an unnecessary step offering little more than a positive association with opportunity recognition in a highly generalized and static way. The purpose of this paper is to address this tension. We do so through a \u27steel man\u27 approach to these valid concerns. Further, we question the logic of limiting a cognitive construct to a singular event: \u27opportunity recognition\u27 for a new venture (which we term here, the Big O ). Drawing on a comprehensive framework inclusive of the full entrepreneurship phenomenon, and integrating insights from cross-cultural psychology, we put forth the case for an ongoing culturally contextualized process perspective towards venturing where individuals are alert to and pursue opportunities (and cope with threats) continuously. This paper provides a new framework for delineating a theoretically grounded what and when of entrepreneurial alertness
Characterization of Cure and Temperature Dependent Properties of Filament Wound Composite Structures
No full textResidual stress development in filament wound composites presents a critical challenge for the fabrication of thick composite structures exposed to elevated temperatures during operation. This study focused on determining temperature and cure dependent material properties to aid in understanding the residual stress build-up during the cure. Material characterization of a filament wound composite materials was performed by investigating thermo-chemical shrinkages in resin, lamina, and bi-lamina configurations. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of both the neat resin and the fiber was measured, and the gel point and chemical shrinkage of the neat resin were investigated. A filament wound unidirectional laminate was then constructed, and its CTE was characterized and compared to various material homogenization schemes. The constitutive material data and knowledge of the proper CTE homogenization scheme was then used as inputs to self-consistent field equations to calculate the temperature and cure dependent properties of the filament wound lamina, which were calibrated using a bi-lamina experiment. This calibration was successful, and future work on examining the development of residual stress in filament wound lamina can be carried out. To determine the limits of through thickness residual stresses, interlaminar tensile strength testing was conducted on filament wound specimens. Overall, this work provides a validated constitutive material model during cure, and establishes a foundation for improved residual stress modeling in filament wound composite structures
The Contribution of Task Difficulty and Adult Reliability on Children\u27s Academic Task Persistence
No full textTask persistence plays a crucial role in children\u27s academic success and achievement of long-term goals. Contextual variables may influence child persistence such as reward source reliability, task difficulty, or task arrangement. We evaluated the effects of reward source reliability on children\u27s academic task persistence with task difficulty. The perception of the reliability of the reward source was manipulated by making a commitment to provide a reward after completion of the task, but upon completion, delivery was delayed to the next day. The study was designed to examine the extent to which experiencing prior disappointments would decrease persistence times on subsequent tasks of varying difficulty. Participants with a prior history of having rewards deferred persisted less on subsequent tasks. Children persisted longer on hard rather than easy tasks after disappointment after rewards were deferred. These results suggest that a complex relationship may exist between contextual variables and task persistence in children. Further understanding these mechanisms may provide insights for educators and caregivers seeking to promote persistence in children\u27s academic endeavors