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Socially Shared Regulation of Learning and Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities to Support Socially Shared Regulation
Get PDFSupporting learners in achieving high-level socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL) in the online collaborative learning (OCL) context presents challenges that the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies may help solve. However, the effective uses of AI to support multifaceted areas (cognition, metacognition, and motivation) and phases (forethought, performance, and reflection) of SSRL remain elusive. Furthermore, research on developing an educational AI and what pedagogical attributes and elements are required for AI to support students\u27 SSRL effectively is limited. This study, therefore, aims to investigate students\u27 perceptions of AI applications in enhancing SSRL and to explore the essential pedagogical elements necessary for AI to support SSRL during the OCL. To achieve these aims, the study conducted Focus Group Interviews facilitated by 9 scenarios of AI application storyboards and paper prototypes with 30 undergraduate and graduate students. The study findings show that students perceive various types of AI to support cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational areas across different SSRL phases. The study also found that students viewed AI as an active learning agent, serving in roles previously inhabited solely by human educators and students. Furthermore, the study reveals seven key pedagogical elements across TPACK components such as pedagogical, content, technological, pedagogical content, technological pedagogical, technological content, and technological pedagogical content knowledge deemed crucial by students for AI to support SSRL in OCL effectively. These findings offer implications for using and designing educationally relevant AI to support SSRL in OCL environments
Antihypertensive Potential of \u3ci\u3eEuphorbia hirta\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eLeptadenia hastata\u3c/i\u3e in Adrenaline-induced Wistar Rats
No full textBackground: Hypertension is a major public health concern worldwide, contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The use of plant-based therapies, such as Euphorbia hirta and Leptadenia hastata, has gained attention for their potential antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, and organ-protective effects.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the phytotherapeutic approach to hypertension using E. hirta and L. hastata extracts in adrenaline-induced hypertensive Wistar rats
Methods: Utilizing an adrenaline-induced hypertensive rat model, we assessed the effects of E. hirta and L. hastata leaf extracts (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) on systolic blood pressure, renal function, lipid metabolism, and hematological parameters.
Results: Antioxidant activity: Increased levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Lipid profiles: Reduced levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol. Liver function tests (LFTs): Decreased levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. Hematological parameters: Improved red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume (PCV).
Conclusion: This preclinical investigation provides compelling evidence for the antihypertensive potential of E. hirta and L. hastata leaf extracts, validating their traditional use. These findings underscore the promise of these natural products as adjunctive therapeutics for hypertension management, warranting further clinical investigation
HER2 Alterations Across Solid Tumors: Implications for Comprehensive Testing
No full textPurpose
ERBB2 (HER2) alterations (e.g., overexpression, amplification, and mutations) are known to drive tumor progression. These changes, particularly in non-breast and gastric/gastroesophageal cancers, remain poorly characterized. With pan-tumor approval of HER2-targeted therapies like Trastuzumab deruxetecan (T-DXd), understanding ERBB2 alterations across diverse cancers is crucial.
Methods
HER2 analysis was conducted on 653 solid tumor specimens at the University of Alabama, using immunohistochemistry (IHC), copy number (CN) variation (CNV) assessment, and mutational profiling. The correlation between CN amplification and IHC expression was evaluated using Somers\u27 D ordinal association.
Results
Of the 653 cases, HER2 IHC scores were distributed as 3 + (3.1%), 2 + (13.2%), and 1 + (19.8%), with 63.9% being IHC-negative. ERBB2 CN amplification was observed in 3.1%, with 75% exhibiting IHC3+. Pathogenic mutations were found in 3.1%, with low IHC3+ rates (5%). Among samples with ERBB2 mutations, only three had CN amplifications (one-positive, two-intermediate). Somers\u27-D analysis revealed a strong association between CNV and IHC expression (D = 0.73, p \u3c 0.001).
Conclusion
This study highlights ERBB2 alterations across diverse cancers, demonstrating their heterogeneity and clinical significance. ERBB2 mutation-carrying tumors are less likely to have HER2 protein 3+ expression or CN amplification, indicating the need for comprehensive genomic analysis to identify those patients. In the context of pan-tumor approval of T-DXd for HER2, findings support integrating genomic and phenotypic data to enhance diagnostic precision and inform therapeutic decision-making. Comprehensive ERBB2 (HER2) testing across tumor types is essential to expand access to HER2-targeted therapies
Emerging Nanotechnology Approaches for Blood Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Nano-Hematinics and Plant-Based Nanomedicines
No full textBackground: Disorders affecting blood components, such as anemia, coagulopathies, and hematologic malignancies, continue to pose significant global health burdens. Traditional therapies often fall short due to adverse effects, limited bioavailability, and insufficient targeting of disease sites.
Objective: This review synthesizes current advances in nano-hematinics and plant-based nanomedicines (phyto-nanomedicines) as innovative strategies for managing blood-related conditions. These nanoscale interventions are designed to enhance therapeutic precision, bioactivity, and safety.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted using major scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Search terms were carefully selected to retrieve literature published between 2015 and 2024 that discussed the use of nanotechnology in the treatment of blood disorders. Eligibility criteria included relevance to hematological applications, nanocarrier use, and study quality.
Results: Findings highlight the effectiveness of iron oxide, gold nanoparticles, and liposomal formulations in improving hematologic markers and reducing systemic toxicity. Plant-derived nanomedicines incorporating agents such as curcumin and quercetin demonstrated strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hematopoietic potential. Preclinical outcomes across several studies indicate improved efficacy and pharmacokinetics.
Conclusion: Both nano-hematinics and phyto-nanomedicines represent promising alternatives to conventional treatment approaches. Their ability to address therapeutic limitations while offering targeted delivery supports their future integration into hematologic care. However, clinical translation will require further investigation into long-term safety, regulatory oversight, and scalable production
Loss, Attachment, and Place: A Case Study of Grand Isle, Louisiana
No full textThis study examines how residents of a Louisiana barrier island think about place in light of slow and rapid onset of coastal land loss. The island community has always faced change due to hurricanes, development, and erosion. Today the island, as well as the region, is faced with great environmental change due to coastal land loss. This paper uses a phenomenological approach to examine how change, caused by a range of environmental factors, is transmitted and understood by residents of Grand Isle, Louisiana. Residents convey a heightened awareness of place attachment, communicated through elements of fragility and uniqueness, that we claim is brought on by the continuing environmental disaster of coastal land loss
Beyond the Institution of Motherhood: Shifting the Paradigm
No full textThis paper explores declining birth rates as a global act of resistance and reclamation by women and birthing individuals against hyper-masculinized institutions, using South Korea\u27s 4B movement as a case study. The 4B movement, which rejects marriage, childbirth, romance, and heterosexual relationships, represents a paradigm shift challenging entrenched gender norms, state control, and systemic inequities. It exemplifies a global phenomenon as similar movements gain traction in the U.S., Japan, and beyond, amidst rising conservatism and declining fertility rates. Framing this analysis with intersectionality, Feminist IR theory, and Kuhn’s paradigm shift model, the paper argues that this resistance signifies a transformative push for cultural and institutional reform. By rejecting roles imposed by traditional frameworks, participants confront state systems that commodify reproduction, instead advocating autonomy and equity. The implications are profound, as global governance faces inevitable transformation in response to these demographic and cultural shifts
A Method for Ultrasound Servo Tracking for Puncture Needle
No full textComputer-aided surgical navigation technology helps and guides doctors to complete the operation smoothly, which simulates the whole surgical environment with computer technology, and then visualizes the whole operation link in three dimensions. At present, common image-guided surgical techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and X-ray imaging (X-ray) will cause radiation damage to the human body during the imaging process. To address this, we propose a novel Extended Kalman filter-based model that tracks the puncture needle-point using an ultrasound probe. To address the limitations of Kalman filtering methods based on position and velocity, our method of Kalman filtering uses the position and relative velocity of the puncture needle-point instead, and the ultrasonic probe is controlled by a Proportional Integral (PI) controller in X-axis direction and Proportional Derivative (PD) controller in the Y-axis direction. The motion of the ultrasonic probe can be servo-controlled by whether the image information of the puncture needle-point can be detected by the ultrasonic image so that the ultrasonic probe can track the puncture needle-point in real time. The experiment results show that this method has better tracking performance
Reduced Slow Wave Sleep Is Associated with Increased Risk of Short Stature in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textObjective: Although growth hormone was shown to be specifically released during slow wave sleep (SWS), no population-based evidence has demonstrated the association between sleep quality and childhood height. To address this gap, our study aims to investigate the relationship between SWS and height of children.
Methods: We analyzed polysomnography data and z-scores for height in 2527 suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) children (537 non-OSA children and 1990 OSA children) collected over the past 16 years. Different grades of z-scores for height and SWS were classified by the quartile method, and the lowest z-scores for height quartile defined short stature as the main outcome. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between SWS and short stature.
Results: 1990 OSA children and 537 non-OSA children were included in analyses. The mean value of z-score for height from high to low were 0.80, 0.34, 0.23 and − 0.19 in non-OSA children, and 0.47, 0.10, 0.14 and 0.05 in OSA children. Fully adjusted logistic regression models showed that, compared to the highest SWS quartile, the lowest quartile had 4.85-fold higher odds (95% CI, 2.4– 9.4) of short stature in non-OSA children and 2.15-fold higher odds (95% CI, 1.5– 3.0) in OSA children. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that in both non-OSA and OSA children, the reduction of SWS was significantly related to short stature in prepubertal children. Linear regression models confirmed positive correlations between SWS and z-score for height.
Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the crucial role of adequate sleep quality in childhood growth and development, supporting the inclusion of sleep assessments and improvements in pediatric growth monitoring programs
Formation of Pyramidal Palladium Enhanced by B(C₆F₅)₃ Additive Enabling Selective Alkene Monoisomerization
No full textThe addition of a strong Lewis acid, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, facilitates the reduction of Pd(cod)Cl₂ with Et₃SiH to form palladium nanoparticles in organic solvents. It was found that these palladium nanoparticles are capable of selective monoisomerization of linear alkenes. This heterogeneous palladium catalyst is tolerant of a wide variety of functional groups, confirmed by substrate and robustness screenings. It is also possible to utilize poly(methylhydro)siloxane, an industrial waste byproduct, as the reductant to enable similar isomerization chemistry
Examining Non-Traditional Online Learners\u27 Ownership of Learning in the Context of ChatGPT-Facilitated Design
No full textGenerative artificial intelligence (GenAI) offers potential solutions to educational challenges by personalizing learning experiences for diverse learners. However, it also introduces complexities around issues of ownership of learning. As an indicator of empowered learning, ownership is a multifaceted but underexplored concept. In this study, the authors adopted a mixed-methods multiple-case study design to explore non-traditional online students’ perceived ownership of learning when using ChatGPT for instructional design. The authors adopted the psychology ownership construct consisting of self-efficacy, accountability, belongingness, and self-identity as the theoretical framework. Findings revealed students’ prior AI experiences and educational levels played a significant role in their perceived ownership. In contrast, no significant differences were observed for students in different learning modalities (synchronous vs. asynchronous) or with different neurodivergent conditions. This multiple-case study also explored how students used ChatGPT within and outside the courses, perceived challenges, and the role of GenAI in promoting educational equity from students’ perspectives. As one of the first studies exploring students’ ownership of learning in GenAI-facilitated educational contexts, the implications for practice and research were discussed