26419 research outputs found
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Probing Hard/Soft Factorization Via Beam-Spin Asymmetry in Exclusive Pion Electroproduction from the Proton
No full textDeep exclusive meson production (DEMP) reactions, such as p(e⃗ , e\u27π⁺)n, provide opportunities to study the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon through differential cross section and beam-and target spin asymmetry measurements. This work aims to probe the onset of the hard/soft factorization regime through the exclusive p (e⃗, e\u27π⁺)n reaction, as measured in the KaonLT experiment at Jefferson Lab Hall C. A 10.6 GeV Longitudinally polarized electron beam was incident on an unpolarized liquid hydrogen target, and the scattered electron and produced meson were detected in two magnetic focusing spectrometers, enabling precision cross section measurements. The cross section ratio σLT\u27 /σ0 was extracted from the beam-spin asymmetry ALU. The t-dependence of σLT\u27 /σ0 was determined at fixed Q² and XB over a range of kinematics from 2 \u3c Q² \u3c 6 GeV² above the resonance region (W \u3e 2 GeV). Furthermore, these data are combined with recent results from CLAS/CLAS12 to determine the Q²-dependence of σLT\u27/σ0 at two (ᵡB, t) settings. This was fairly flat, with Q² not having a measurable effect on the value of σLT\u27/σ0 in the range explored. Results are compared to predictions from the generalized parton distribution (GPD) formalism, which relies explicitly on hard/soft factorization, and Regge formalism. The Regge models better predict σLT\u27/σ0, which suggests that the factorization regime is not yet reached
Association Between Neighborhood Social Determinants of Health and Stillbirth
No full textOBJECTIVE:
To examine the association between neighborhood-level social determinants of health and stillbirth.
METHODS:
We performed a retrospective cohort study of deliveries that occurred at a gestational age of at least 20 weeks within a five-hospital system (2012-2022). Electronic health record data mapped to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model were geocoded using addresses at the time of delivery and linked to neighborhood health indices, which included the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), Maternal Vulnerability Index (MVI), and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) at the Census tract level. Stillbirths were adjudicated by medical record review. Modified Poisson regression generated relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs, controlling for maternal age, body mass index (BMI), parity, marital status, chronic hypertension, and pregestational diabetes.
RESULTS:
Among 61,008 pregnancies, 288 (0.5%, 95% CI, 0.4-0.5%) resulted in stillbirths. The ADI quartiles (relative to Census tracts within the United States as a whole) 2, 3, and 4 were associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (RR [95% CI] 2.32 [1.34-4.03], 3.08 [1.74-5.44], and 2.07 [1.03-4.14], respectively) compared with quartile 1. The ADI relative to Census tracts within the states showed comparable gradients. MVI quartiles 2 and 3 were associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (RR [95% CI] 1.44 [1.01-2.05] and 1.49 [1.02-2.19], respectively) compared with quartile 1. Similarly, SVI quartiles 2 and 3 were associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (RR [95% CI] 1.46 [1.03-2.07] and 1.86 [1.32-2.63], respectively) compared with quartile 1. Neither MVI nor SVI quartile 4 showed a statistically significant association with stillbirth. Among MVI subthemes, the mental health domain demonstrated a strong association with stillbirth (quartiles 2-4 RR range 1.64-2.07).
CONCLUSION:
Neighborhood deprivation, quantified by ADI score, was a robust independent predictor of stillbirth, whereas the associations between the MVI or SVI and stillbirth were modest. Integrating the ADI into obstetric risk assessment and directing resources, especially perinatal mental health services, to highly deprived areas may help reduce persistent stillbirth disparities
Preservation of Genetic Diversity and Selection Over a Century in a Coral Reef Fish (Taeniamia zosterophora) in the Philippines
No full textEvaluating the evolutionary impacts of anthropogenic activity on populations is key to understanding species resiliency and to designing effective conservation strategies. Sequencing DNA from historical specimens provides the opportunity to establish a historical baseline and empirically assess changes in genetic diversity, changes in effective population size, and selection over time. Here, we sequenced historical and contemporary samples of the cardinalfish Taeniamia zosterophora collected in 1908 and in 2021–2022 across two sites with differing human impact in the Philippines. At both sites, genetic diversity increased over time, with contemporary samples having significantly higher Watterson’s θ than historical samples. This diversity increase was primarily attributable to positive selection on low-frequency alleles such that they increased toward intermediate frequencies through time. For the putatively neutral fraction of the genome, in contrast, there was a slight but significant decline in Watterson’s θ at both low and high human impact sites, suggesting that drift strengthened and effective population sizes declined through time. There was more evidence for selection and greater loss of neutral diversity at the site with higher human impact. Our results provide empirical evidence for the surprising preservation of genetic diversity through the action of natural selection in the face of anthropogenic impacts
Tony Tulathimutte
No full textPublicity photo submitted by author/presenter for ODU\u27s Annual Literary Festival 2025.https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/litfest_images/1012/thumbnail.jp
Ariana Benson
No full textPublicity photo submitted by author/presenter for ODU\u27s Annual Literary Festival 2025.https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/litfest_images/1015/thumbnail.jp
Performance Assessment and Design Improvements for an Urban Coastal Detention Basin Under Intensifying Rainfall Extremes
No full textCoastal urban areas are increasingly exposed to flooding driven by more frequent and intense rainfall events, rising sea levels, and expanding impervious surfaces. Norfolk, Virginia, a low-lying coastal city with aging stormwater infrastructure, faces heightened vulnerability to these hydrologic pressures. This study evaluates the hydraulic performance of an existing urban detention basin within the Edgewater–Larchmont catchment under 10-, 50-, and 100-year, 2-h design storms using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Simulations were conducted for both pre- and post-development conditions to assess changes in peak discharge, storage capacity, and water level dynamics. Results show that urbanization, which increased impervious area from 5% to 70%, substantially intensified runoff generation. Peak discharges increased from 1.44 m³/s under pre-development 10-year conditions to 2.81 m³/s and 3.51 m³/s under post-development 50-year and 100-year storms, respectively, while total runoff volumes approximately doubled. Although total basin storage capacity was not exceeded, the detention basin became hydraulically limited during extreme storms as effective storage below the outlet elevation was rapidly exhausted, leading to elevated peak outflows. Outlet elevation adjustments that increased effective detention storage improved flow attenuation and reduced post-development peak discharges toward pre-development levels. This highlights the value of integrating hydrologic modeling with adaptive infrastructure design to enhance flood resilience and support evidence-based, climate-adaptive stormwater planning
ChromNet: A Multi-Task Learning Framework for Cross-Cell Type Prediction of 3D Chromatin Interactions Using Epigenetic Signals
No full textThe 3D organization of chromatin plays a fundamental role in gene regulation, cellular function, and disease mechanisms. However, current experimental techniques, such as Hi-C, remain costly and labor-intensive, limiting their application in large-scale and disease-related studies. To address this challenge, ChromNet is presented, a multi-task learning framework that integrates epigenetic signals across diverse cell types to enable high-precision prediction of chromatin architecture. By incorporating noise perturbation and auxiliary classification tasks, ChromNet improves the identification of topologically associating domains (TADs) and cell-type-specific chromatin structures, demonstrating superior generalization performance. Notably, ChromNet accurately predicts chromatin interactions in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples by leveraging epigenetic signals from both normal and diseased cells, highlighting its potential for studying disease-associated chromatin remodeling. Across multiple key benchmarks, ChromNet consistently outperforms existing models, providing a robust and cost-effective solution for large-scale chromatin conformation studies. This framework enables the exploration of chromatin structural variations across both cell types and disease states, offering new insights into the relationship between 3D genome architecture and gene regulation
JJJJJerome Ellis
No full textPublicity photo submitted by author/presenter for ODU\u27s Annual Literary Festival 2025.
Photo credit Annie Forresthttps://digitalcommons.odu.edu/litfest_images/1004/thumbnail.jp
Gregory Grosvenor
No full textPublicity photo submitted by author/presenter for ODU\u27s Annual Literary Festival 2025.https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/litfest_images/1006/thumbnail.jp
Sulfhydryl-Functionalized Diarylethenes: Synthesis, Photoswitching, and Fluorescent Properties
No full textSulfhydryl group (SH) plays important roles in reactions with various functional groups, especially in biologically active systems. Photoswitchable diarylethene (DAE) derivatives have demonstrated applications in many research fields. Among the many classes of diarylethene derivatives, thiol derivatives have not been extensively explored. In this study, we systematically synthesized and characterized a series of bis-thiol functionalized dithienylethene derivatives. The thiol groups in this series are attached directly to the thiophene, or through a phenyl or methylene linker. Each series incorporated both dithienyl cyclopentene and hexafluorocyclopentene bridges and total six thiol substituted diarylethenes were synthesized. Among the six sulfhydryl DAE derivatives, four compounds were synthesized for the first time. Due to the reactivity of the thiol, they were prepared and stored as the corresponding thiol acetates. The photoswitching properties of the acetylated thiol derivatives were characterized. Three new thiol derivatives exhibited intriguing ‘turn-on’ fluorescence behavior, where the open isomers are non-fluorescent, while the closed isomers display fluorescence. These compounds represent a new class of fluorescent diarylethenes that do not require additional fluorophores. The thiol functional group offers potential for biological conjugation reactions and application as fluorescent probes