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Wage Determinants in the United States
No full textThis study aims to analyze and quantify the macroeconomic factors that determine Wages in the United States from 2000 through 2020. Wages can be defined as Total Weekly Earnings of full-time wage seasonally adjusted for individuals 16 years and older. This study will use quarterly data that includes 84 observations. The determinants that this study will focus on are the Unemployment rate, GDP growth rate, the Consumer Price index, Labor Productivity, the Employment Population rate, the Federal Funds rate, and Personal Consumption Expenditure. This study will use a pooled regression to help us analyze the data along with using the Ordinary Least Square Regression model. As this study tries to explain and examine the determinants of total weekly earnings from a macroeconomic view, there was a significant positive relationship between Wages and Labor Productivity with an increase of 1.31%. This can be explained when firms produce more, they will be able to pay the workers more. There was a significant positive relationship between Wages and the Federal Funds rate which saw an increase of 1.57%. When the Federal Funds Rate is low it encourages more borrowing and spending which makes businesses invest in themselves this could explain the increase in wages and the Federal Funds Rate. There was also a significant positive relationship between Wages and Personal Consumption Expenditure. Personal Consumption Expenditure will increase by 8% when wages increase. When individuals make more in wages, they tend to spend more this can explain the positive relationship between Wages and Personal Consumption Expenditure
Beyond the Poster: Unveiling the Realities of War and the Trauma of Soldiers in Literature from WWI to Vietnam
No full textRecruitment posters from World War I, Il and the Vietnam War all had a common theme: displaying the duty and bravery of those who chose to put their country first by enlisting. These posters promised a romanticized heroism and a revered future where freedom is achieved for all. But the reality of these conflicts was rooted in an imperialist cycle at the expense of millions of people. This presentation aims to exhibit and understand not only the atrocities that soldiers experience but their inability to re-inhabit their societies as a result of mental, emotional, and physical disabilities as illustrated by Tim O\u27Brien, Ernest Hemingway, and Kurt Vonnegut in their novels that span three subsequent wars. Each writer challenges the glorification and necessity of war by depicting disconnected relationships, fragmented realities, and the characters\u27 inability to reclaim an identity that is removed from destruction and violence. The purpose of closely analyzing the authors, their books and supporting literary articles is to understand the perception of war versus the reality through the experiences of the characters and how these experiences accurately or inaccurately portray that of real soldiers during the appropriate times. This analysis also aims to understand the role that gender, the perception of masculinity and nationalism was weaponized against soldiers to keep them complicit in this system
Vascular Plant Diversity at the Monahan Outdoor Education Center: 2024
No full textNative and non-native plant species are indicators of ecosystem health and resilience. The Monahan Outdoor Education Center is a 156-acre reclaimed mined land area located approximately 1.5 km northeast of Cherokee in Crawford County. This field site is owned by PSU and is situated in the southern part of the state\u27s historic coal mining area. A previous PSU botanist (Timme, ca. 2000) produced a preliminary but incomplete unpublished checklist of 89 vascular plant species, which we believed was significantly short of what likely occurs on the Monahan. We hypothesized that many additional species would be found with further fieldwork. To test this hypothesis, the first author collected plants almost every weekend during the 2024 flowering season. Our primary goal was to document all vascular plants among the Monahan\u27s old fields, and forested, and wetland areas. The results revealed over 100 additional species not documented initially, which now total 139 for the property. Curiously, 45 of the originally reported species were not found during the current survey, which highlights changes in distributions through time. Our data represent a chronological snapshot of species distributions on the Monahan and serve as baseline data for future comparisons at an important field site of PSU
An updated census of the native and non-native plants in Bates County: An under-surveyed region in western Missouri
No full textHuman health is directly tied to the health of the local environment, which depends partially on what native and non-native plants occupy the land. However, many counties in the USA have had their plant (= floristic) diversity only partially documented. Previous research suggested that Bates County, Missouri, was less surveyed than other counties in the state. Our null hypothesis is that Bates County is not well collected, and (given existing knowledge) that over 300 more plant species could be documented with additional fieldwork. Our research involves seven or more day-long collecting trips annually to survey floristic diversity, including (with permission) areas managed by the Missouri Department of Conservation. Of the approximately 350 specimens collected in the first field season, 28 were documented for the first time in Bates County, corresponding to one in every eight collections being a county record. Among the county novelties were the aggressively invasive understory shrub Amur honeysuckle and pasture and roadside weed Musk thistle. This project will continue through the summer of 2026. Our results after only one collecting season corroborate the null hypothesis that Bates County was only partially documented for its plant diversity. It is well known that plant distributions change through time, and that climate change probably exacerbates such shifts among some species. Our project is providing baseline data for future ecological comparisons for things such as flowering times, the presence of invasive species, and monitoring the occurrences of rare taxa
Comparing Lysholm Scores: Quadriceps, Hamstring, and Patellar Tendon Autografts in ACL Reconstruction
No full textIntroduction: Anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are common among athletes and active individuals. Following ACL reconstruction with an autograft tendon, functional outcomes are often assessed using a Lysholm Score, an inventory of patient function. Purpose: This study compares autograft tendons-quadriceps tendon (QT), hamstring tendon (HT), or patellar tendon (PT) to determine the relationship between the tendon donor site and average Lysholm Scores.
Methods: a meta-analysis was conducted on studies involving individuals aged 18 and older who underwent ACL reconstruction with HT, QT, or PT. A logic transformation of semi-quantitative outcomes was applied using generic inverse variance in both common and random effects models. Chi-square analyses for intergroup and intragroup comparisons were used. Heterogeneity and tau statistics were generated using both the common effects effect model.
Results/Discussion: Based on the common effect model are as follows: HT 90% [88%;92%], QT 92% [91%;93%], and PT 91% [91%;92%]. These findings suggest that there may be a modest benefit to using the QT as the donor site; all appear to be comparable across the 24-month follow-up period, leading to the conclusion that symptomatic outcomes do not appear to depend heavily on the tendon donor site. Based on the findings of this analysis, metrics other than Lysholm Scores may better guide clinical decision-making when selecting graft tendon donor sites
The Effect of UV Degradation on HDPE Part Performance
No full textUltraviolet (UV) degradation poses a significant challenge when selecting plastics for exterior applications. UV radiation causes irreversible changes to polymers through chain scission, potentially reducing molecular weight and widening molecular weight distribution. Molecular-level chain scission results in plastic parts with visible defects and reduced performance. This study focused on gaining an understanding of the effect of outdoor weathering on plastic parts with different colorants. Virgin HDPE was injection molded into test bars without an added colorant (control). Three different colorants were added to HDPE and injection molded into test bars in the following amounts: Yellow, 0.75 wt%; Green, 2 wt%; and Black, 1 wt%. Subsequent to injection molding, samples were weathered in a QUV for 500 hours. After weathering, the weathered test bars were ground up, and the reduced, weathered material was again remolded into test bars. Characterization was performed on all samples (natural vs. color samples) under all conditions (no weathering, accelerated weathering, and remolded after accelerated weathering) to determine the degree of property degradation that had occurred. Mechanical properties were analyzed by tensile, flexural, and Izod impact testing. Thermal properties were analyzed by TGA and DSC. Physical properties were characterized by melt flow indexing, FT-IR spectroscopy, and colorimetry. Slight changes in mechanical, thermal, and physical properties were observed among color samples after weathering. More significant changes in properties were observed in HDPE samples without colorant. We demonstrated that weathering does alter properties, and the inclusion of colorant does reduce the impact of UV degradation on HDPE samples
Chicago Giants Jersey, Sleeve
No full textPhotograph of a replica of a 1926 Chicago American Giants jersey focusing on the Chicago flag detail on the sleeve. The flag has alternating stripes, three white, two blue, and four red 6-pointed in the middle stripe.https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/sweatt_lecture/1006/thumbnail.jp
Chicago Giants Jersey
No full textPhotograph of a replica of a 1926 Chicago American Giants jersey.https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/sweatt_lecture/1008/thumbnail.jp
Reading Room, Emporia
No full textPhotograph of the Special Collections and Archives reading room where the George Sweatt exhibit is on display. The photo focused on the right side of the exhibit, starting at Emporia and looking back to Early Years.https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/sweatt_lecture/1013/thumbnail.jp
Manual Jersey Display
No full textA handmade basketball jersey for the State Manual Training Normal School\u27s team, c. 1921-1923, hangs in a display case. Three SMTN and KSTC flags hang on the wall and above the display case. Donated by John Lance.https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/sweatt_lecture/1040/thumbnail.jp