68034 research outputs found
Sort by
Risikoprädiktion und Prävention von Nahrungsmittelallergien bei Kindern: eine qualitative Studie zur Elternperspektive
Get PDFHintergrund:
Der Fokus der Allergieprävention hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten von der Vermeidung hin zur Toleranzinduktion verlagert, wodurch Eltern teils mit widersprüchlicher Information konfrontiert sind.
Ziel der Arbeit:
Im Rahmen des NAMIBIO-App-Konsortiums wurden die Informationsbedürfnisse von Eltern, ihr Informationsverhalten sowie deren Einstellungen zu einer App in Bezug auf die Vorhersage und Prävention von Nahrungsmittelallergien (NA) bei Kindern untersucht.
Methoden:
In unserer qualitativen Studie wurden 30 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Eltern von Kindern (0 bis 3 Jahre) durchgeführt, die entweder eine diagnostizierte NA, ein Risiko für NA hatten, oder bei denen kein Risiko bekannt war. Die Interviews wurden anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse
Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse ergab 5 Hauptkategorien mit induktiven Unterkategorien. Es zeigten sich ein variierendes elterliches Bewusstsein zum Thema und damit einhergehend unterschiedliche Informationsbedürfnisse. So gaben einige an, keinen Informationsbedarf zu haben, während andere ein starkes Interesse an Präventivmaßnahmen äußerten. Eltern suchten teils aufgrund eines Bauchgefühls und teils aufgrund von Anzeichen und Symptomen nach Informationen und äußerten den Wunsch nach mehr Kompetenz bei der Informationssuche. Informationsquellen umfassten u. a. Gesundheitsfachleute sowie andere Eltern. Eine potenzielle App sollte vertrauenswürdig und datensparsam sein.
Diskussion:
Unsere Ergebnisse betonen die Notwendigkeit, das Bewusstsein für NA zu schärfen und Eltern bei der Prävention zu unterstützen. Eltern, die Informationen zur Allergieprävention suchten, hatten klare Erwartungen an digitale Anwendungen und waren offen für deren Nutzung
Different but the Same? An Event-driven Approach to determine Probabilities of Data Duplication
No full textThe importance of data quality assessment in general and duplicate detection in particular has been recognized in both research and practice. Duplicates are known to cause critical problems in many domains, including customer relationship management, data management and data warehousing, fraud detection, production, and healthcare. These duplicates are caused by events which are typically associated with data patterns in the records. For example, duplicates in customer databases caused by the event relocation of a customer characteristically exhibit dissimilar values for address-related features, while the values of the other features (e.g., name-related features) tend to be highly similar. Analyzing duplicate-related events and recognizing such patterns seems particularly promising for duplicate detection. However, existing approaches do not take advantage of this and neither consider events nor recognize their associated data patterns when detecting potential duplicates. In this paper, we introduce events as causes of duplicates and, on this basis, propose a novel probability-based approach for duplicate detection. Our approach assigns the probability of being a duplicate to each analyzed pair of data, while avoiding limiting methodical assumptions of existing approaches. The evaluation on seven different datasets shows that our approach is able to outperform existing approaches and that the models learned can be transferred between datasets of the same domain without further labeling or repeated model learning
Convexification of differentiable functions with applications in relaxation models in soil mechanics
Get PDFCalculating the convex envelope of multivariate functions plays an important role in optimization and hence in many fields of applied mathematics, physics and mechanics. It is well known that the convex envelope of some lower semi−continuous, superlinear growing function f: ℝᵈ→ ℝ in some point x∈ ℝᵈ can be obtained by affine interpolation of function values f in not necessarily unique points x⁽¹⁾, ..., x⁽ⁿ⁾∈ ℝᵈ with n≤ d+1. If these points are unique and affine independent, the simplex conv{x⁽¹⁾, ..., x⁽ⁿ⁾} is called the phase simplex of x. Seeking to calculate the convex envelope of f in a neighbourhood of x, a natural approach is to vary the vertices of the phase simplex conv{x⁽¹⁾, ..., x⁽ⁿ⁾} of x within respective neighbourhoods U⁽¹⁾, ..., U⁽ⁿ⁾ of x⁽¹⁾, ..., x⁽ⁿ⁾, looking for further phase simplices. We show that this procedure succeeds whenever the phase simplex of x is maximal in the sense, that it is not the face of a larger phase simplex of some other point x', and f is differentiable and strictly convex in each neighbourhood U⁽¹⁾, ..., U⁽ⁿ⁾. We derive a continuous parametrization of a neighbourhood of the simplex conv{x⁽¹⁾, ..., x⁽ⁿ⁾}, such that we can give an expression of the convex envelope in this neighbourhood in terms of the parametrization. This parametrization especially characterizes all involved phase simplices of any dimension. Additionally, we show that the regularity of this parametrization improves to Lipschitz−continuity, if the restriction of f to each neighbourhood U⁽¹⁾, ..., U⁽ⁿ⁾ has Lipschitz−continuous gradient and is strongly convex
Data archive of "Spontaneous supercurrents and vortex depinning in two-dimensional arrays of φ0-junctions"
No full textData archive for preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.13819
by S. Reinhardt et al.
Two-dimensional arrays of ballistic Josephson junctions are important as model systems for synthetic quantum materials. Here, we investigate arrays of multiterminal junctions which exhibit a phase difference φ0 at zero current. When applying an in-plane magnetic field we observe nonreciprocal vortex depinning currents. We explain this effect in terms of a ratchet-like pinning potential, which is induced by spontaneous supercurrent loops. Supercurrent loops arise in multiterminal φ0-junction arrays as a consequence of next-nearest neighbor Josephson coupling. Tuning the density of vortices to commensurate values of the frustration parameter results in an enhancement of the ratchet effect. In addition, we find a surprising sign reversal of the ratchet effect near frustration 1/3. Our work calls for the search for novel magnetic structures in artificial crystals in the absence of time-reversal symmetry
Probing the electronic structure at the boundary of topological insulators in the Bi2Se3 family by combined scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy
Get PDFWe develop a numerical scheme for the calculation of tunneling current I and differential conductance dI/dV of metal- and CO-terminated STM tips on the topological insulators Bi2Se3, Bi2Te2Se as well as Bi2Te3, and find excellent agreement with experiment. The calculation is an application of Chen's derivative rule, whereby the Bloch functions are obtained from Wannier-interpolated tight-binding Hamiltonians and maximally localized Wannier functions from first-principle DFT+GW calculations. We observe signatures of the topological boundary modes, their hybridization with bulk bands, Van Hove singularities of the bulk bands, and characterize the orbital character of theses electronic modes using the high spatial resolution of STM and AFM. Bare DFT calculations are insufficient to explain the experimental data, which are instead accurately reproduced by many-body-corrected GW calculations
A novel three-dimensional model for evaluation of unicompartmental knee prostheses tibial component positioning
Get PDFBackground and objective
This study aimed to develop an innovative method to assess the optimal positioning of the tibial component in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Furthermore, the authors performed a pilot study on tibial bone resections after having performed the tibial saw cuts of unicompartmental knee prostheses in 0° and 3° in the coronal plane.
Materials and methods
The study’s objective was achieved by devising a surface matching technique that involved comparing the tibial bone resections with three-dimensional Computer-Aided Design models of the selected tibial component. 44 bone resections of patients who had undergone unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with tibial resection angles of 0° and 3° varus in the coronal plane were evaluated in the pilot study. Furthermore, the possibility of evaluating the biological quality of the resection surface by examining the percentage of sclerotic bone in the most distal cut surface of the bony specimen was analyzed.
Results
A new method to evaluate bony resections using a three-dimensional Computer-Aided Design model could be implemented. The implementation study including 44 tibial resections following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty did not reveal significant differences between the cohorts.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we believe that the 3D modeling technique presented holds significant potential and merits application to a larger cohort of tibial bone resections for a more comprehensive investigation into the optimal tibial resection plane. Moreover, this methodology could be instrumental in the development of patient-specific implants
Many-body density of states of bosonic and fermionic gases: a combinatorial approach
Get PDFWe use a combinatorial approach to obtain exact expressions for the many-body density of states of fermionic and bosonic gases with equally spaced single-particle spectra. We identify a mapping that reveals a remarkable property, namely, fermionic and bosonic gases have the same many-body density of states, up to a shift corresponding to ground state energy. Additionally, we show that there is a regime, comprising the validity range of the Bethe approximation, where the many-body density of states becomes independent of the number of particles
Bewusstsein für das Vorliegen einer altersabhängigen Makuladegeneration in der populationsbasierten AugUR-Studie
Get PDFHintergrund
Mangelndes Bewusstsein über das Vorliegen einer altersabhängigen Makuladegeneration (AMD) kann die Inanspruchnahme von adäquater Krankenversorgung beeinträchtigen. Dies ist insbesondere relevant bei der von AMD vor allem betroffenen älteren Bevölkerung.
Ziele der Arbeit
Es erfolgte die Untersuchung des Bewusstseins für eine vorhandene AMD-Diagnose in der älteren Bevölkerung. Dazu evaluierten wir Personen der ≥ 70-jährigen Bevölkerung in/um Regensburg hinsichtlich AMD-Selbstangabe mit Aufzeichnungen der behandelnden Augenärzt*innen (BAA) im Rahmen der populationsbasierten AugUR-Studie.
Material und Methoden
Die AMD-Selbstangaben der AugUR-Probanden wurden in interviewbasierten Fragebögen bei Studieneinschluss erhoben. Eine in den Aufzeichnungen der BAA dokumentierte AMD-Diagnose wurde mittels Online-Fragebogen durch die BAA erfasst. In einer Zeitachse wurden Datum des Probandenbesuchs im Studienzentrum, Datum der AMD-Erstdiagnose und Datum des letzten Besuchs bei BAA in eine chronologische Reihenfolge gebracht und Konsens bzw. Dissens der Angaben ermittelt.
Ergebnisse
Selbstangaben und BAA-Aufzeichnungen zur AMD waren für 1473 AugUR-Probanden verfügbar. Ein Konsens zeigte sich für 1270 Personen (86 %). Unter den 262 Personen mit BAA-AMD-Diagnose vor dem Besuch im Studienzentrum gaben 166 (63 %) an, keine AMD zu haben. Bei 137 dieser 166 „Under-Reporter“ waren frühe AMD-Stadien durch die BAA dokumentiert.
Diskussion
Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass 63 % der älteren Bevölkerung mit einer BAA-AMD-Diagnose sich ihrer AMD-Diagnose nicht bewusst sind. Der größte Teil davon sind Diagnosen für AMD-Frühstadien, die eventuell nicht als „AMD“ an die Patienten kommuniziert werden. Ein verbessertes Bewusstsein, auch für Frühformen der AMD, könnte ein präventives Verhalten der Betroffenen unterstützen
Prevalence and impact of ECMO cannula colonization: a single center study
Get PDFDuring ECMO therapy, infections are common and have substantial impact on treatment outcomes. However, data on the prevalence and clinical impact of microbial ECMO cannula colonization are scarce. Between October 2020 and May 2022, we evaluated 112 ECMO cannulas from 58 patients for microbial colonization using sonication fluid culture & 16S-rRNA-PCR (n = 105), or roll plate method (n = 7). 38 (33.9%) cannulas from 30 (51.7%) patients showed evidence for bacterial colonization with the predominance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (67.4%). Antipseudomonal β-Lactam treatment at cannulation and ECMO initiation at referring hospitals were associated with cannula colonization upon multivariable per-patient analysis. The prevalence of bloodstream infections was equally low and the occurrence of fever after and number of anti-infective drugs given during ECMO therapy was similar in patients with and without exposure to colonized cannulas. Finally, there was no association of cannula colonization with adverse outcomes. In summary, our data suggest that bacterial ECMO cannula colonization does not affect the clinical course of patients and thus discourage routine microbial assessment of cannula tips or even cannula exchange in the absence of clinical signs of cannula infection