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Pediatric Performance Validity Testing: Examining the Performance of Children with Reading Difficulties on Stand-Alone and Embedded Measures in a Neuropsychological Research Sample
No full textNeuropsychological evaluation is a valuable tool for characterizing individual neurocognitive profiles in a range of congenital and acquired brain conditions. The usefulness of neuropsychological testing relies on accurate data which can only be obtained from reliable and credible performance. Inaccurate test data can lead to an underestimate of a child’s true abilities, false diagnoses, and a misallocation of community resources and services. Performance validity tests (PVTs) are stand-alone or embedded measures that assist psychologists in determining if an individual’s performance is valid. Despite a growing understanding in the importance of consistently using PVTs in pediatric neuropsychological evaluation over the last 15 years, research and clinical use continues to lag behind relative to adult neuropsychological practice. In particular, there is a dearth of evidence investigating the use of PVTs among children and adolescents with reading difficulties and with specific learning disorder in reading/dyslexia. It is important to empirically validate the use of PVTs in this population to avoid false determinations of noncredible performance. It may be that children and adolescents with reading difficulties perform worse on tests that require them to draw on related cognitive vulnerabilities. Thus, this study aims to analyze and report failure rates of the Memory Validity Profile (MVP), the automatized sequences task, an embedded digit span measure, and the Hillside Rating Scale. This study also aims to compare these measures to one another and determine if reading difficulties or other variables are correlated with PVT failure. We hope that this study will contribute to the paucity of literature on the topic and help clinicians feel more confident selecting PVTs for clinical use with children and adolescents with reading difficulties
Justin Holland\u27s Guitar Music Collection
Get PDFAlthough much information is available about Holland\u27s biography and compositions, little research has been done on how he acquired his deep knowledge of the guitar and how he may have interacted with other guitarists of his day.
Some years after Justin Holland\u27s death in 1887, his son, Justin Minor Holland, claimed to have one of the most elaborate libraries of guitar music, mostly of old masters. This collection could give more insight into the activities of guitar music collectors and guitarists in the United States of the 19th century. After much research, seven bound volumes of guitar music have been discovered which can be traced back to Justin Holland. This article puts the contents of these volumes into context and includes facsimiles and engravings of unpublished work by Holland and Zani de Ferranti
Psychosocial and Neurocognitive Contributors to Suicide Risk Among Persons in the Criminal Legal System
No full textThe present study investigated the relationship between psychosocial and neurocognitive vulnerabilities that contribute to a history of suicide attempt among persons in the criminal legal system who have a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The archival dataset used for this study consisted of records from 710 justice-involved participants. Results suggest that persons with a history of mental illness or who were a victim of violence as a child or adult were more likely to report a history of one or more suicide attempts. Additionally, results suggest that deficits in reaction time, processing speed, and spatial working memory were also predictive of a suicide attempt history. Persons in the criminal legal system are at the highest risk of suicide and persons with a history of brain injury are also at an increased high risk for suicide. To reduce the risk of suicide in this vulnerable population, this study affirms that treatment for people with mental illness or trauma history is critical, especially for the vulnerable persons with brain injury in the criminal legal system
Parental Childhood Maltreatment History and Parenting Self-Efficacy in Mothers and Fathers During the Early Postpartum Period
No full textDespite a wealth of research on predictors and correlates of parental self-efficacy (PSE), very little research has examined whether a history of caregiving from one’s own childhood predicts parental PSE, or if depression symptoms are associated with both mothers’ and fathers’ PSE during the pregnancy and early postpartum periods. The current study examined whether parents’ childhood maltreatment (total abuse and neglect) was associated with mothers’ and fathers’ PSE, and whether both parents’ PSE related to their prenatal and postnatal depression symptoms. Mothers (n = 170; M age = 28.07, SD = 5.77, range = 18-41; 40.0% White; 24.1%, Latina; 14.1%, Black; 11.8% biracial/multiracial; 10.0% other) and fathers (n = 87; M age = 29.84, SD = 7.17, range = 18-51; 36.8% White; 20.7%, Latino; 17.2%, Black; 20.7% biracial/multiracial; 4.6% other) of babies aged three to four months old completed ratings on PSE, as well as standardized questionnaires on childhood maltreatment and perinatal depression symptoms. Contrary to hypotheses, parents’ childhood maltreatment was not associated with their PSE, however, post-hoc exploratory analyses showed that mothers and fathers who were flagged as minimizing abuse and neglect and over-idealizing their childhoods as positive showed significantly higher levels of PSE. Furthermore, while depression symptoms during pregnancy were not associated with PSE for mothers or fathers, fathers with higher postnatal depression symptoms reported significantly lower PSE, and mothers with higher postnatal depression symptoms reported marginally significantly lower PSE. These findings indicate that prior maternal or paternal depression symptoms during pregnancy does not seem to influence self-reported PSE during the early postpartum period. Rather, parental PSE may be an indicator of early postpartum depression symptoms, particularly for fathers. Implications are discussed for screening and identification of parents in need of clinical services during the early postpartum period
Everyone to the Front
No full textIn the novel, Everyone to the Front, Layne Millen is a 37-year-old adjunct teaching a foundational art survey class at a reputable college in New York. Having failed to launch her own career as an artist, she funnels all her creative energy into designing an impressive and at times provocative course curriculum for her Gen Z students, meanwhile taking on various other odd and often humiliating part-time jobs such as digital sex work and even a weekend stint at a Renaissance Faire to get by. Drawing from her personal belief that art should be shocking rather than beautiful, after having been profoundly affected by Andres Serrano’s transgressive piece Piss Christ when she herself was fresh out of college, Layne’s course material focuses on subversive images and radical performance art with an emphasis on feminist body horror. Believing artists, or in this case “art enthusiasts,” to be morally and intellectually superior, Layne does not question the potential harm in exposing her students to violent spectacles, both real and simulated, that dominate modern and contemporary art—at least not at first. But as her students’ behavior grows more and more bizarre, she begins to question whether they are capable of engaging critically with such material, or if instead they might be driven to mimic the violent images through their own cruel acts, with herself as the target. What if the artist\u27s power to destroy is just as strong, if not stronger, than the desire to create
Adaptation
No full textThis dissertation includes two sections. (1) The Pilot: A Novel (2) An Essay: “The Black Box.
Patient-Specific Musculoskeletal Modeling of Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Get PDFTotal shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is often considered a surgery of last resort for patients with debilitating pathologies of the glenohumeral joint such as osteoarthritis, humeral head fracture, and advancing rotator cuff tears. TSA replaces the articulation between the humeral head and the glenoid fossa, with the goals of relieving pain and restoring function. Two types of total shoulder implants are available: Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (aTSA) and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (rTSA). TSA survivorship is lower than that of the survivorship seen in total knee and hip replacements [1]. Shoulder muscle moment arms and lines of action have been measured experimentally in cadaveric studies, and computational musculoskeletal models have been developed in OpenSim [2] to analyze muscle function and joint loading of the shoulder [3], [4],[5],[6], [7]. Little work has been done to quantify muscle forces and joint reaction loads in healthy and implanted shoulders using a fully patient-specific approach. Patient-specific musculoskeletal OpenSim models of six subjects, three aTSA, three rTSA, and their six contralateral shoulders, were created using subject-specific kinematics captured through high-speed stereo radiography (HSSR) for abduction, flexion, and external rotation movements. This work emphasized the importance of patient-specific kinematics on muscle force and joint reaction force predictions for TSA patients. We also described how rTSA alters the morphology of the glenohumeral joint and the resulting mobilizing and stabilizing capacity of the muscles
Institutional and Structural Evolution of the U.S. Financial System 1945-2023: The Long-Wave Financial Cycle and the Role of Thwarting Mechanisms
No full textThis thesis develops a theoretical framework that attempts to explain the dynamic interactions that lead to episodes of severe financial instability. Adapting Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis to the specific characteristics of financial intermediaries and building on Ferri and Minsky’s ideas regarding the role of thwarting institutions, I propose that financial fragility is the result of a long-wave cycle in financial relations characterized by significant institutional and structural evolution within the U.S. financial system. This evolution results in a preponderance of financial activity undertaken outside the regulatory umbrella while margins-of-safety are eroded, newly innovated financial assets proliferate, and financial intermediaries become more interconnected. The framework generates predicted empirical patterns of variables associated with these characteristics that are compared to empirical evidence from the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Policy implications of the theoretical construction and empirical exercise are discussed in the context of the reconstructed regulatory framework which has accompanied the GFC
The Effects of Wildfire Burn Severity on Bee and Wasp Communities Two Decades Post-Fire
No full textWhile fire is a natural disturbance in many global ecosystems, anthropogenic changes are affecting fire frequency, severity, and seasonality. Disturbances like wildfire affect bee and wasp communities, but recent meta-analyses are conflicted about whether fire harms or benefits insect pollinators. We investigated the lasting effects of wildfire burn severity on wild bee communities and floral resource availability across different burn severities in two-mixed severity fires that burned \u3e20 years ago. We found that high severity fire has positive effects on bee diversity that are associated with severity-mediated changes to the floral community. We also studied the effects of wildfire burn severity on cavity-nesting bee and wasp abundance and diversity, and nesting habitat across burn severities (high, low, unburned) in the same mixed-severity fires. We found that fire severity had no impact on cavity-nesters, but that high severity fire did increase the amount of coarse woody debris available for nesting
Social Policy and Compliance: An Experimental Study on Taxpayer Behavior
No full textOver the past few years, economic and political stimuli have driven many governmental legislative policy changes. Funding for government initiatives primarily comes from federal tax dollars; thus, legislators regularly deliberate on the importance of taxpayer compliance. This study investigated the impact of morality and social influence (activated through the purpose of a government spending bill) on taxpayer compliance. Prior research indicates that taxpayers with higher morality levels will be more tax-compliant. However, can government spending initiatives moderate an individual’s morality and make the taxpayer less compliant? Using a between-subjects experimental design with one measured variable (morality) and one manipulated variable (social influence), results confirm a taxpayer with a higher score on the DIT-2 morality scale is more tax compliance. In addition, the moderating effect of legislative spending creates a disordinal interaction between morality and taxpayer compliance when government spending is directed toward social initiatives. This study will extend the research surrounding taxpayer compliance by highlighting behavioral consequences associated with the content of government spending bills