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From emission trade sysytem to carbon offset: status and progress of emission control in shipping industry
Get PDFThe 2050 Africa’s Integrated Maritime Strategy: The Combined Exclusive Maritime Zone of Africa as an instrument of sustainable development of the African Large Marine Ecosystems
No full textThe large marine ecosystems (LMEs) and the combined exclusive maritime zone of Africa (CEMZA) have in common that they are instruments making it possible to overcome the division of the African Maritime Domain into almost 40 national maritime domains. After identifying the eight LMEs around Africa and exploring the CEMZA concept within the context of the 2050 Africa’s Integrated Maritime Strategy, the paper attempts to ascertain the extent to which the establishment of the CEMZA could contribute to the sustainable development of the African LMEs and concludes that, while this contribution would be limited, it could be significant at the monitoring and enforcement levels
Improving governance of maritime higher education institutions to ensure success of filipino cadets
Get PDFAqueous solution of ammonia as marine fuel
Get PDFThe ignition of ammonia in aqueous solution was simulated in a two-stroke compression ignition engine model. Zero-dimensional chemical kinetic calculations were used to estimate the ignition timing of fuel air mixtures in homogeneous charge compression ignition and diesel combustion modes. The fuel consisted of a 25% m/m aqueous solution of ammonia and pure ammonia for comparison. Ignition was studied by varying the geometric compression ratio of the engine. To ignite ammonia in aqueous solution a minimum compression ratio of 25 was necessary under homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion conditions, whereas under diesel combustion conditions a minimum compression ratio of 27 was required. Ammonia containing ammonium nitrite or hydrogen were two potential ammonia derivatives that were shown to enhance aqueous ammonia ignition in the simulations, and allowed ignition to take place at a compression ratio of 24 for diesel combustion. When comparing the ignition of aqueous ammonia solution to pure ammonia, the minimum compression ratio necessary to ignite pure ammonia was approximately 24.8 and that for aqueous ammonia 26.7 in diesel combustion. This led to the conclusion that aqueous ammonia is not prohibitively more difficult to ignite than pure ammonia. Ammonia containing ammonium nitrite or hydrogen were found to be potential pilot fuels
How to reduce the vessel turnaround time for tanker vessel : A comparative analysis of the King Fahad Industrial Port in Yanbu with Port of Ras Tanura
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