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Eric Burnham Hare (1894-1982)
No full textEric Burnham Hare was the Missionary Volunteer secretary for the Pacific Union at the time of the 1946 General Conference Session. Hare performed a trumpet duet during the Report of the Australasian Division.https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/general-conference-1946-gallery/1009/thumbnail.jp
Dietary Approaches to the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Get PDFThis chapter reviews the literature surrounding autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their relation to gastrointestinal (GI), behavioral, neurological, and immunological functioning. Individuals with ASDs often have poor GI health, including bowel motility issues, autoimmune and/or other adverse responses to certain foods, and lack of necessary nutrient absorption. These issues may be caused or exacerbated by restrictive behavioral patterns (e.g., preference for sweet and salty foods and/or refusal of healthy foods). Those individuals with GI issues tend to demonstrate more behavioral deficits (e.g., irritability, agitation, hyperactivity) and also tend to have an imbalance in overall gut microbiome composition, thus corroborating several studies that have implicated brain—gutpathways [sic] as potential mediators of behavioral dysfunction. We examine the literature with regard to dietary approaches for ASD treatment, including elimination diets of either gluten or casein, complex carbohydrates, a ketogenic diet, and a low oxalate diet. We also explore the research examining dietary supplements such as fatty acids, pro- and prebiotics, vitamins, minerals, glutathione, phytochemicals, and hormones. The research on dietary approaches to treating ASDs is limited and the results are mixed. However, a few approaches, such as the gluten-free/casein-free diet, fatty acid supplementation, and pre/probiotics have generally demonstrated improved GI and behavioral symptoms. Given that GI issues seem to be over-represented in ASD populations, and that GI issues have been associated with a number [sic] behavioral and neurological deficits, dietary manipulation may offer a cheap and easily-implemented approach to improve the lives of those with ASDs.
Keywords: neurodevelopment, neurological disorders, gastrointestinal dysfunction, eating behaviors, gut-brain axis, nutraceutical
Shelter Staff Perceptions of Physicians Seeking Services for Intimate Partner Violence
Get PDFResearch indicates there are a significant number of instances of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the United States, with current prevalence rates impacted by a substantial amount of underreporting due to stigma, difficulty disclosing, and complex love and fear of abusive partners (Breiding et al., 2014; Ellsberg & Heise, 2005; Overstreet & Quinn, 2013). A large body of IPV research exists more generally, but there is little understanding about the help-seeking behaviors of high socioeconomic status (SES) individuals within IPV shelter systems. While several studies have demonstrated the equal impact of abuse across demographic contexts (Satyen, Rogic, and Supol, 2018; Haselschwerdt & Hardesty, 2017), a larger body of research indicates lower SES and minority communities are impacted by abuse at disproportionate rates (Cunradi, Caetano, & Shafer, 2002; Panchanadeswaran & McCloskey, 2007). Most of the literature focuses on these populations, leading to a gap in understanding IPV in higher SES individuals, specifically alternative sources of support and potential barriers (Tolman & Raphael, 2000). This study aims to identify the unique needs, experiences, and assumptions of higher SES individuals, with a particular emphasis on physician survivors of IPV. A unique interplay of physician characteristics, hospital culture, and needs and challenges of these individuals serves as the backdrop for a qualitative study utilizing interview data collected from shelter staff. While this study is exploratory, the authors held the a priori assumption that few physicians would utilize services due to significant barriers impeding help seeking, including shame, stigma, and culture of the healthcare environment
Extraction vs. Non-Extraction: Comparing Orthodontic Root Resorption
Get PDFIntroduction: Orthodontically induced apical root resorption (OIARR) can be a risk to orthodontic treatment. Advancements in imaging warrant further investigation into potential causes and solutions are worthwhile. Purpose: This study compared incidence and severity of OIARR in incisors during orthodontic treatment with and without bicuspid extractions. Materials and Methods: This study included 63 patients (504 teeth). DICOM CBCT images were imported into OsiriX MD software (version 10.0.3) for tooth length measurements from coronal and sagittal views in all incisors and incisal angulation for central incisors. Difference in tooth length from incisal edge to root apex from pre-treatment and post-treatment measurements determined OIARR. Mann-Whitney U and Friedman’s analyses compared OIARR and incisal angulation changes. Spearman Rho coefficients expressed correlations between OIARR and age, treatment duration, incisal angulation change, and extraction timing. An ANOVA test determined changes in OIARR based on gender or ethnicity. All analyses were performed at α = 0.05. Results: Mean OIARR in extraction patients (0.16 ± 0.08 mm) was statistically significantly greater than in non-extraction patients (0.09 ± 0.06 mm) [p \u3c .05] for coronal and sagittal views. There were no statistically significant differences in OIARR
between coronal and sagittal views (p \u3e .05). There was a statistically significant difference (p \u3c .05) for incisal angulation change for all central incisors between groups. Age, treatment time, and extraction timing exhibited no statistically significant correlation with OIARR (p \u3e .05). There was no statistically significant change to OIARR with gender or ethnicity (p \u3e .05). Incisal angulation change showed a statistically significant correlation to OIARR for the extraction group (p.05). Conclusions: The study demonstrated extraction of four premolars during orthodontics resulted in a statistically significant increase in root resorption compared to treatment without extractions. Positive incisal angulation change accompanies non-extraction treatment and negative incisal angulation change accompanies extraction treatment. Resorption and angulation change are correlated in the extraction group, but not in the non-extraction group. No correlation was observed between OIARR and age, treatment duration, or extraction timing. Gender and ethnicity demonstrated no significant effect on OIARR
Phytochemical and Synthetic AHR Ligands as Novel Therapy for Refractory Breast Cancer
Get PDFPatients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) possess tumors that lack estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human growth factor receptor 2 expression. Such patients have lower survival rates than those diagnosed with other breast cancer subtypes in part, due to the scarcity of targeted therapy for TNBC. In addition to chemotherapy, patients with TNBC often consume natural remedies, which has led us and others to evaluate the ability of plant isolates to confer anticancer and chemopreventive actions. Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) is an enzyme that promotes DNA single-strand break repair. PARP inhibitor olaparib exploits DNA repair enzyme deficiency in tumors to demonstrate anticancer activity. Emerging evidence suggests an inverse relationship between PARP and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling activation due to a negative feedback mechanism between these pathways. Putative AhR agonist Dibenzyl trisulfide (DTS) is derived from Petiveria alliacea, a perennial shrub that grows in tropical regions of the world. AhR agonist 3,3′- diindolylmethane (DIM), a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol found in cruciferous vegetables confers anticancer and chemopreventive actions. This manuscript denotes an intensive investigation of the chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive actions of DTS and DIM. We previously revealed that synthetic AhR agonist 2-(4-amino-3- methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203) induces the expression of putative tumor suppressor cytoglobin (CYGB) in TNBC cells and xenografts. Here, we demonstrate that DTS confers potent anticancer activity in TNBC cells in a caspase-independent manner. Furthermore, DIM and 5F 203 suppress TNBC cell migration, proliferation and enhance olaparib anticancer activity in TNBC cells. Notably, 5F 203 and to a lesser extent DIM bind to the CYGB promoter and induce CYGB in an AhR-dependent fashion to mediate anticancer actions in TNBC cells. Taken together, plant isolates represent promising agents to treat refractory forms of breast cancer and a diet rich in cruciferous vegetables promotes the anticancer actions of PARP inhibitors
Reuben Ethelbert Hare (1889-1976)
No full textReuben Ethelbert Hare was the vice president of the Australasian Union Conference at the time of the 1946 General Conference Session.https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/general-conference-1946-gallery/1010/thumbnail.jp
Alexander William Cormack
No full textAlexander William Cormack (1887-1968) was an associate secretary of the General Conference in 1946.https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/general-conference-1946-gallery/1027/thumbnail.jp
Introduction to Infant Early Childhood Mental Health and Trauma Training Program
Get PDFThis program aims to understand the lack of infant-early childhood trauma-informed care training for mental health clinicians. The current efforts to enhance mental health clinicians’ therapeutic knowledge and awareness through the development of the CCCT with the emphasis on trauma-informed care show significance to treat infant-early childhood trauma. Due to children’s susceptibility to trauma and developmental vulnerability, if trauma remains unaddressed, there are long lasting negative effects throughout their adulthood, as shown through the ACE’s study. Furthermore, the program’s theoretical framework encompasses Attachment Theory with the integration of the Theory of Neuroscience, Bowen family systems theory, Reflective Practice Model, and Mindfulness to develop a basic competent trauma-informed care training. The development of the Introduction to Infant-Early Childhood Mental Health and Trauma Training Program was designed for mental health clinicians to enhance their therapeutic knowledge and awareness when serving children with infant-early childhood trauma. The key interventions are psychoeducation on infant-early childhood mental health and trauma, nondirective play therapy, and reflective practice and mindfulness. The Introduction to Infant-Early Childhood Mental Health and Trauma Training Program occurs yearly on a quarterly basis, meaning there are different cohorts of participants, whether they are participating in beginning of the trauma-informed care training or attending a booster. Lastly, the evaluation plan of the Introduction to Infant-Early Childhood Mental Health and Trauma Training Program measures the three dimensions of competence: trauma-informed care (TIC) knowledge, trauma awareness, and trauma beliefs among mental health therapists. Keywords: clinician, trauma, child-caregiver relationship/dyad, infant-early childhood traum
An Intervention Program for Adult Female Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Get PDFChildhood Sexual Abuse (CSA) has been linked to adverse impacts within the biological, psychological, social, and spiritual (BPSS) domains of adult female survivors’ lives (Fergusson et al., 2013). The impact of CSA within each of these domains may contribute to long-term trauma symptoms that impact multiple areas of life including symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) that underlie dysfunction within intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning. Programs that have been designed to holistically treat this population lack interventions that target each of the BPSS domains with a structured, cohesive approach that assess the survivor’s readiness based on level of current trauma symptoms. This project seeks to address this gap in treatment. This intensive outpatient intervention program is designed to meet the needs of the adverse impact of CSA within each of the BPSS domains through a phased approach partially guided by the survivor’s current level of functioning as measured by the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). During phase one, the survivor will begin the individual therapies of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and Narrative Therapy. Within phase two, the survivor will continue the therapies from phase one, and begin Trauma Center Trauma Sensitive Yoga (TCTSY). During phase three, the survivor will continue the therapies in phases one and two, as well as begin Emotionally Focused Couple’s Therapy (EFT)
The Importance of Timing in Repeated Traumatic Brain Injury
Get PDFRepeated closed-head traumatic brain injury (rTBI) can result in serious consequences, such as the development of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and many others. This study characterizes the consequences of injury timing in a Drosophila melanogaster model of rTBI. Specifically, each fly was subjected to 4 strikes with a modified “high impact trauma” (HIT) device. The strikes were separated by either 5 minutes, 2 hours, 4 hours, or 36 hours. These inter-strike intervals theoretically provided an opportunity to study outcomes of repeated brain injury during times of unresolved rTBI mechanisms. Half of the flies were raised on diets supplemented with polyphenols to determine whether this would ameliorate the consequences of rTBI. A series of behavioral tests (climbing abilities, locomotor activity) was administered after the last strike, and the age at which each fly died was recorded. The results demonstrated that traumatic brain injury (TBI) reduced post-injury survival and climbing abilities, a pomegranate juice diet protected against 24-hour mortality, and an ellagic acid + sugar diet shortened lifespan. Regarding inter-injury intervals, 240-minute inter-injury interval flies had an improved lifespan, 2160-minute inter-injury interval flies had the lowest climbing performance, and female flies subjected to the 2160-minute inter-injury protocol had a reduced 24-hour mortality. This study helped to elucidate rTBI consequences by using a fruit fly model of TBI that allowed for subsequent injury during literature-derived windows of primary and secondary TBI injury mechanisms. Research continuing to build on this focus of injury intervals is important for strengthening empirical support for the conceptualization and treatment of the many individuals that sustain a TBI